Direct Inversion Method of Fault Slip Analysis to Determine the Orientation of Principal Stresses and Relative Chronology for Tectonic Events in Southwestern White Mountain Region of New Hampshire, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Geologic and Tectonic History of the Southwestern White Mountain Region
3. Data Collection and Stress Inversion Method of Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Event 1—Regime 1
4.2. Event 2—Regimes 2 and 3
4.3. Event 3—Regime 4
4.4. Event 3—Regime 5
4.5. Event 4—Regimes 6, 7 and 8
4.6. Event 5—Regime 9
5. Interpretation
5.1. Event 1—Acadian Compression
5.2. Event 2—Post Acadian Extension
5.3. Event 3—Late Alleghenian Compression
5.4. Event 4—Atlantic Extensional Opening (?)
5.5. Event 5—Recent or Present
6. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
Appendix A. List of Data Collected in This Study
- Explanation to Columns in Table A1
- Column A–Fault Reference Number
- Column B–Fault Strike (azimuth)
- Column C–Fault Dip and Direction
- Column D–Rake of Slip Striations
- Column E–Regime Number/Relative Chronology (1 = oldest, 9 = youngest)
- Certainty (C = certain, P = probable, S = inferred)
- Column F–Fault Location on Interstate 93:
- Column G–Fracture Reference Numbers on [10] sheet 2
- Column H–Site location (see Figure 1)
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 173 | 77W | 43N | 6C | SBLE | 1 | 1 |
2 | 41 | 40E | 45N | 2C 4C | SBLE | 42 | 1 |
3 | 32 | 38E | 62N | 2C 4C | SBLE | 42 | 1 |
4 | 95 | 64N | 40W | 1C 1C | SBLE | 42A | 1 |
5 | 163 | 83W | 40N | 6C | SBLE | 11A | 1 |
6 | 163 | 83W | 40N | 1C | SBLE | 11 | 1 |
7 | 166 | 85W | 44N | 6C | SBLE | 11A | 1 |
8 | 165 | 83W | 38N | 6C | SBLE | 11A | 1 |
9 | 159 | 77W | 9S | 7C | SBLE | 19 | 1 |
10 | 152 | 88W | 20S | 7C | SBLE | 14B | 1 |
11 | 159 | 78W | 17S | 7C | SBLE | 14B′ | 1 |
12 | 153 | 89W | 34S | 7C | SBLE | 22 | 1 |
13 | 137 | 89W | 41S | 7C | SBLE | 22 | 1 |
14 | 153 | 77W | 46S | 7C | SBLE | 22 | 1 |
15 | 165 | 84W | 46S | 7C | SBLE | 22′ | 1 |
16 | 146 | 81W | 25S | 7C | SBLE | 21 | 1 |
17 | 141 | 88W | 43S | 7C | SBLE | 21 | 1 |
18 | 139 | 88W | 36S | 7C | SBLE | 20 | 1 |
19 | 136 | 77W | 33S | 7C | SBLE | 20 | 1 |
20 | 158 | 76W | 24S | 7C | SBLE | 19′ | 1 |
21 | 3 | 69W | 31S | 7C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
22 | 157 | 77W | 23S | 7C | SBLE | 19′ | 1 |
23 | 3 | 69W | 31S | 7C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
24 | 55 | 48N | 52W | 3C | SBLE | unmapped ou 18A | 1 |
25 | 61 | 46N | 47W | 3C | SBLE | unmapped ou 18A | 1 |
26 | 48 | 77N | 76W | 3C | SBLE | unmapped ou 18A | 1 |
27 | 29 | 63W | 73S | 3C | SBLE | 24 | 1 |
28 | 28 | 52E | 68S | 1C | SBLE | 25 | 1 |
29 | 47 | 87S | 29W | 7C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
30 | 42 | 88E | 3S | 1C 7C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
31 | 177 | 42E | 61N | 2C 4C | SBLE | 48 | 1 |
32 | 178 | 44E | 21S | 1C 7C | SBLE | 48 | 1 |
33 | 178 | 44E | 60N | 2C 4C | SBLE | 48 | 1 |
34 | 18 | 48E | 51S | 3C | SBLE | 49 | 1 |
35 | 26 | 77E | 25N | 1C 6C | SBLE | 67 | 1 |
36 | 26 | 77E | 79S | 2C 3C | SBLE | 67 | 1 |
37 | 13 | 51E | 37S | 3C | SBLE | 98? | 1 |
38 | 12 | 88W | 12S | 7C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
39 | 176 | 60E | 46N | 6C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
40 | 48 | 87N | 7E | 1C 5C | SBLE | 107 | 1 |
41 | 48 | 87N | 75E | 2C 3C | SBLE | 107 | 1 |
42 | 30 | 87E | 82N | 3C | SBLE | 106 | 1 |
43 | 41 | 78E | 17N | 5C | SBLE | 116A proche | 1 |
184 | 43 | 80E | 15N | 5C | SBLE | 116A proche | 1 |
182 | 28 | 70W | 23S | 7C | SBLE | 116 | 1 |
183 | 41 | 75E | 74S | 3C | SBLE | 116 | 1 |
44 | 54 | 87N | 29W | 5C | SBLE | 116 | 1 |
45 | 32 | 66E | 33S | 5C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
46 | 30 | 71E | 81N | 3C | SBLE | 123 | 1 |
47 | 30 | 71E | 18N | 5C | SBLE | 123 | 1 |
48 | 39 | 72E | 83S | 3C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
49 | 51 | 84S | 72W | 1C 3C | SBLE | 130 | 1 |
50 | 18 | 20W | 53N | 2C 1C | SBLE | 138 | 1 |
51 | 51 | 84S | 10E | 1C 5C | SBLE | 130 | 1 |
52 | 17 | 21W | 53N | 2C 1C | SBLE | 138 | 1 |
53 | 50 | 83S | 73W | 3C | SBLE | 130 | 1 |
54 | 50 | 83S | 9E | 5C | SBLE | 130 | 1 |
55 | 73 | 34S | 63E | 1C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
56 | 67 | 41S | 66E | 1C | SBLE | 139 | 1 |
57 | 59 | 76N | 28E | 5C | SBLE | 146 | 1 |
58 | 66 | 63N | 28E | 5C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
59 | 57 | 76S | 15W | 5C | SBLE | 162 | 1 |
60 | 24 | 74E | 12N | 1P 5C | SBLE | 166 | 1 |
61 | 24 | 74E | 30N | 2P 7C | SBLE | 166 | 1 |
62 | 24 | 74E | 64S | 1P 3C | SBLE | 166 | 1 |
63 | 25 | 75E | 30N | 2P 6C | SBLE | 166 | 1 |
64 | 47 | 87N | 22E | 6C | SBLW | 66 | 1 |
65 | 96 | 89S | 67E | 1C | SBLW | 49 | 1 |
66 | 57 | 86S | 37E | 5C | SBLW | 48 | 1 |
67 | 17 | 88E | 73S | 3C | SBLE | unmapped | 1 |
68 | 25 | 56W | 61S | 2C 1C | SBLW | 25 | 1 |
69 | 25 | 56W | 62N | 1C 1C | SBLW | 25 | 1 |
70 | 25 | 56W | 16S | 2C 5C | SBLW | 25 | 1 |
71 | 25 | 54W | 64N | 1C 1C | SBLW | 25 | 1 |
72 | 71 | 33N | 82E | 1C 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
73 | 71 | 33N | 42E | 2C 6C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
74 | 52 | 32N | 63E | 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
75 | 76 | 22S | 58E | 1C 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
76 | 71 | 31N | 82E | 2C 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
77 | 78 | 21S | 84E | 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
78 | 75 | 23S | 88E | 8C | SBLW | 24 | 1 |
79 | 7 | 70E | 62S | 3C | SBLW | unmapped | 1 |
80 | 10 | 43E | 76S | 3C | SBL | unreferenced | 1 |
81 | 29 | 71W | 24N | 5C | NBLW | 1 | 1 |
82 | 37 | 76W | 29N | 5C | NBLW | 1 | 1 |
83 | 42 | 74W | 35N | 5C | NBLW | 1 | 1 |
84 | 48 | 72N | 12E | 5C | NBLW | 1 | 1 |
85 | 142 | 19W | 85S | 4C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
86 | 68 | 33S | 64E | 3C | NBLW | 9 | 1 |
87 | 69 | 35S | 37E | 3C | NBLW | 1 | |
88 | 46 | 52S | 63E | 3C | NBLW | 12-11月 | 1 |
89 | 52 | 47S | 63E | 3C | NBLW | 12-11月 | 1 |
90 | 51 | 38S | 52E | 3C | NBLW | 12 | 1 |
91 | 46 | 42S | 84E | 3C | NBLW | 13 | 1 |
92 | 45 | 44S | 83E | 3C | NBLW | 13 | 1 |
93 | 14 | 20E | 73S | 3C | NBLW | near F29 | 1 |
94 | 22 | 25E | 85S | 3C | NBLW | near F29 | 1 |
95 | 21 | 33E | 74S | 1C | NBLW | 28 | 1 |
96 | 21 | 54E | 72S | 1C | NBLW | 28 | 1 |
97 | 58 | 33S | 67E | 1C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
98 | 46 | 58S | 66E | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
99 | 41 | 27E | 77N | 1C | NBLW | 35 | 1 |
100 | 29 | 50E | 72N | 3C | NBLW | 71 | 1 |
101 | 31 | 81E | 18S | 5C | NBLW | 73 | 1 |
102 | 67 | 81N | 6E | 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
103 | 38 | 89E | 9S | 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
104 | 24 | 54E | 64S | 3C | NBLW | 79 | 1 |
105 | 15 | 30E | 73S | 3C | NBLW | 79 | 1 |
106 | 10 | 36E | 68S | 3C | NBLW | 79 | 1 |
107 | 29 | 46E | 87S | 3C | NBLW | 80 | 1 |
108 | 29 | 48E | 89S | 3C | NBLW | 80 | 1 |
135 | 29 | 48E | 88S | 1C | NBLW | 80 | 1 |
109 | 110 | 69N | 11E | 9C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
110 | 139 | 89E | 19S | 9C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
111 | 20 | 85W | 12N | 5C | NBLW | 1 | |
112 | 165 | 57W | 60S | 3C | NBLW | 1 | |
113 | 63 | 86N | 1W | 5C | NBLW | 1 | |
114 | 21 | 65E | 76N | 3C | NBLW | 86 | 1 |
115 | 160 | 83E | 4S | 7C | NBLW | 122? | 1 |
116 | 161 | 80E | 14S | 7C | NBLW | 123? | 1 |
117 | 150 | 75E | 10S | 7C | NBLW | 123? | 1 |
118 | 166 | 84E | 7S | 7C | NBLW | 118 | 1 |
119 | 25 | 83E | 2N | 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
120 | 177 | 76E | 2S | 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
121 | 26 | 51E | 64N | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
122 | 1 | 82E | 2S | 7C | NBLW | 130? | 1 |
123 | 170 | 86E | 7S | 7C | NBLW | 133? | 1 |
124 | 4 | 82E | 1N | 7C | NBLW | 131? | 1 |
125 | 14 | 47E | 79S | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
126 | 47 | 47S | 33E | 5C | NBLW | 135 | 1 |
127 | 179 | 62W | 80N | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
128 | 1 | 67W | 84N | 3C | NBLW | 151 | 1 |
129 | 156 | 77W | 2S | 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
130 | 12 | 69W | 87S | 3C | NBLW | 156 | 1 |
131 | 33 | 77W | 3S | 7C | NBLW | 156 | 1 |
132 | 7 | 57W | 71S | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
133 | 13 | 64W | 77N | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
134 | 8 | 55W | 72S | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
185 | 155 | 62E | 80S | 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
186 | 28 | 82E | 77S | 1C 3C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
187 | 28 | 82E | 4N | 2C 7C | NBLW | unmapped | 1 |
136 | 32 | 79W | 79N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
137 | 34 | 72E | 74N | 3C | NBLE | 36 | 1 |
138 | 34 | 85E | 8S | 7C | NBLE | large fault | 1 |
139 | 36 | 66E | 2N | 7C | NBLE | large fault | 1 |
140 | 174 | 75E | 17N | 7C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
141 | 176 | 83W | 27N | 7C | NBLE | 46 | 1 |
142 | 175 | 88E | 15N | 7C | NBLE | 46 | 1 |
143 | 178 | 79E | 2S | 7C | NBLE | 53 | 1 |
144 | 30 | 39E | 10N | 2C 7C | NBLE | 51 | 1 |
145 | 30 | 39E | 75S | 1C 3C | NBLE | 51 | 1 |
146 | 32 | 88W | 6N | 7C | NBLE | 55 | 1 |
147 | 41 | 86E | 3S | 7C | NBLE | 64 | 1 |
148 | 37 | 82W | 1S | 7C | NBLE | 64 | 1 |
149 | 17 | 61E | 83S | 3C | NBLE | 58 | 1 |
150 | 35 | 73W | 63S | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
151 | 114 | 84N | 5E | 9C | NBLE | 68 | 1 |
152 | 42 | 85E | 1S | 7C | NBLE | 70 | 1 |
153 | 50 | 89S | 7W | 7C | NBLE | 74 | 1 |
154 | 35 | 82W | 12S | 7C | NBLE | 74 | 1 |
155 | 44 | 88E | 6S | 7C | NBLE | 74 | 1 |
156 | 40 | 72W | 11S | 7C | NBLE | 87-89 | 1 |
157 | 39 | 81W | 1S | 7C | NBLE | 87-89 | 1 |
158 | 29 | 85W | 36N | 7C | NBLE | 87-89 | 1 |
159 | 10 | 83W | 14N | 7C | NBLE | 87-89 | 1 |
160 | 32 | 80E | 84N | 3C | NBLE | 91 | 1 |
161 | 29 | 84E | 28N | 7C | NBLE | 91 | 1 |
162 | 46 | 72N | 88E | 3C | NBLE | 98 | 1 |
163 | 58 | 68S | 76E | 1C 3C | NBLE | 105 | 1 |
164 | 58 | 68S | 22E | 2C 7C | NBLE | 105 | 1 |
165 | 35 | 42E | 82N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
166 | 19 | 73E | 66S | 1C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
167 | 22 | 47E | 80N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
168 | 52 | 73S | 13E | 7C | NBLE | 111 | 1 |
169 | 46 | 89N | 12E | 7C | NBLE | 130? | 1 |
170 | 36 | 82E | 34N | 2C 7C | NBLE | 136? | 1 |
171 | 36 | 82E | 1C 3C | NBLE | 136? | 1 | |
172 | 22 | 49W | 64S | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
173 | 42 | 53W | 53S | 3C | NBLE | 163? | 1 |
174 | 25 | 67W | 52S | 3C | NBLE | 164? | 1 |
175 | 44 | 67W | 49S | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
176 | 16 | 49W | 74N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
177 | 36 | 87E | 82S | 1C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
178 | 23 | 52W | 85N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
179 | 23 | 62W | 85S | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
180 | 26 | 65W | 83S | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
181 | 15 | 42W | 89N | 3C | NBLE | unmapped | 1 |
188 | 35 | 77E | 66N | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
189 | 32 | 74E | 88N | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
190 | 33 | 80E | 66N | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
191 | 36 | 72W | 77N | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
192 | 26 | 83W | 77S | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
193 | 146 | 65E | 72N | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
194 | 106 | 44S | 63W | 1C 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
195 | 106 | 44S | 19E | 2C 5C | NBLE | 2 | |
196 | 33 | 52E | 65S | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
197 | 133 | 87N | 74W | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
198 | 145 | 65E | 68N | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
199 | 125 | 48S | 77W | 1C 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
200 | 125 | 48S | 2E | 2C 5C | NBLE | 2 | |
201 | 174 | 51E | 68N | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
202 | 6 | 71W | 86N | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
203 | 159 | 76E | 62N | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
204 | 24 | 57W | 81S | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
205 | 11 | 67W | 82S | 3C | NBLE | 2 | |
206 | 148 | 63E | 72N | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
207 | 127 | 87N | 71W | 2C | NBLE | 2 | |
208 | 128 | 89N | 68W | 2C | NBLE | 2 |
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Reg. | MIFL% | NA | NR | σ1 degrees | σ2 degrees | σ3 degrees | Φ | υm % | τ*m% | αm degrees | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 40 | 17 | 2 | 133 | 3 | 226 | 45 | 40 | 45 | 0.13 | 75 | 83 | 17 |
2 | 55 | 18 | 2 | 257 | 48 | 139 | 23 | 33 | 33 | 0.46 | 86 | 87 | 4 |
3 | 40 | 62 | 13 | 184 | 80 | 20 | 10 | 290 | 3 | 0.49 | 79 | 84 | 14 |
4 | 45 | 5 | 1 | 239 | 5 | 330 | 8 | 117 | 80 | 0.44 | 70 | 71 | 9 |
5 | 55 | 23 | 1 | 83 | 17 | 238 | 71 | 351 | 7 | 0.50 | 80 | 85 | 15 |
6–7 | 45 | 52 | 17 | 188 | 14 | 315 | 67 | 93 | 17 | 0.45 | 76 | 79 | 14 |
8 | 50 | 6 | 0 | 330 | 7 | 235 | 30 | 72 | 59 | 0.23 | 74 | 77 | 11 |
9 | 45 | 12 | 1 | 130 | 5 | 350 | 80 | 40 | 8 | 0.44 | 78 | 78 | 10 |
Tectonic Events | Time (Ma) | Regime | Fault Type | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Compression | 390–375 | 1 | Reverse | 130 | 46 | vertical |
2. Extension | 375–325 | 2 3 | Normal Normal | Vertical vertical | 139 20 | 33 290 |
3. Compression | 335–260 | 4 5 | Reverse Strike-slip | 239 83 | 330 vertical | Vertical 351 |
4. Compression and Extension | 190–95 | 6–7 8 | Strike-slip Reverse | 188 330 | Vertical 235 | 93 vertical |
5. Current Compression | 15–present’ | 9 | Strike-slip | 130 | vertical | 40 |
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Barton, C.C.; Angelier, J. Direct Inversion Method of Fault Slip Analysis to Determine the Orientation of Principal Stresses and Relative Chronology for Tectonic Events in Southwestern White Mountain Region of New Hampshire, USA. Geosciences 2020, 10, 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110464
Barton CC, Angelier J. Direct Inversion Method of Fault Slip Analysis to Determine the Orientation of Principal Stresses and Relative Chronology for Tectonic Events in Southwestern White Mountain Region of New Hampshire, USA. Geosciences. 2020; 10(11):464. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110464
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarton, Christopher C., and Jacques Angelier. 2020. "Direct Inversion Method of Fault Slip Analysis to Determine the Orientation of Principal Stresses and Relative Chronology for Tectonic Events in Southwestern White Mountain Region of New Hampshire, USA" Geosciences 10, no. 11: 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10110464