Zearalenone and Reproductive Function in Farm Animals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Metabolism of zearalenone in farm animals
- Hydroxylation resulting in the formation of α- and β-ZOL, catalyzed by 3α- and 3β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDs);
- Conjugation of ZEA and its reduced metabolites with glucuronic acid, catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT).
2.1. Pig
2.2. Ovine
2.3. Bovine
2.4. Horse
3. Action mechanisms of zearalenone and its derivatives
4 In vivo exposure of zearalenone and its derivatives
4.1. Pig
4.2. Bovine
4.2.1 Ovine
4.3. Horses
5. In vitro exposure of zearalenone and its derivatives
5.1. Follicle development, oocyte maturation and embryo development
5.1.1. Sow
5.1.2. Cattle
5.1.3. Mare
5.2. Spermatozoa parameters
5.2.1. Boar
5.2.2. Stallion
6. Conclusions
References and Notes
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Sow | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Target | Oocyte | Granulosa cells | Hormonal status | Ovary |
In vivo | Oocytes with degenerated meiotic chromatin [27] | No modification of progesterone synthesis [27]
↓ FSH [24] | Stimulation of primary and secondary follicles [28]
Ovarian follicle atresia [25,26] Delay of maturation of ovarian follicles during preovulatory stage [24] | |
In vitro | Alteration of spindle formation during meiosis [39]
Delay of TI and MII oocyte stage and nuclear malformation [8] | ↓ FSH or foskolin- enhanced progesterone [41]
Modulation dose- related IGF-induced oestradiol, progesterone and of FSH-induced progesterone [41] |
Boar | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Target | Hormonal status | Sperm motility | Sperm viability | Chromatin structure |
In vivo | ↓ testosterone [8] | ↓ [28] | ||
In vitro | ↓ [44,46] | ↓ [44,46] | ↓ [44,46] |
© 2008 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Minervini, F.; Dell’Aquila, M.E. Zearalenone and Reproductive Function in Farm Animals. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9, 2570-2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122570
Minervini F, Dell’Aquila ME. Zearalenone and Reproductive Function in Farm Animals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2008; 9(12):2570-2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122570
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinervini, Fiorenza, and Maria Elena Dell’Aquila. 2008. "Zearalenone and Reproductive Function in Farm Animals" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 9, no. 12: 2570-2584. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122570