Analysis of the Effectiveness of Lornoxicam and Flurbiprofen on Management of Pain and Sequelae Following Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Size Analysis and Procedures
2.3. Randomization
2.4. Treatment
2.5. Outcomes
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Period | Placebo (n = 29) | Flurbiprofen (n = 31) | Lornoxicam (n = 31) |
---|---|---|---|
30 min | 4 | 4 | 4 |
2 h | 5 | 5 | 4 |
6 h | 6 | 6 | 6 |
12 h | 7 | 7 | 5 |
24 h | 5 | 4 | 3 |
48 h | 5 | 4 | 4 |
7 days | 3 | 2 | 2 |
10 days | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Period | Study Groups (Median ± SEM) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n = 29) | Flurbiprofen (n = 31) | Lornoxicam (n = 31) | |
30 min | 2.1 ± 0.08 | 2.6 ± 0.07 | 2.4 ± 0.07 |
2 h | 3.8 ± 0.07 | 3.3 ± 0.08 | 2.6 ± 0.06 |
6 h | 4.4 ± 0.06 | 4.8 ± 0.07 | 3.9 ± 0.07 |
12 h | 4.5 ± 0.06 | 3.7 ± 0.08 | 3.8 ± 0.06 |
24 h | 4.1 ± 0.05 | 2.8 ± 0.08 | 1.9 ± 0.08 |
48 h | 3 ± 0.07 | 2.5 ± 0.06 | 2 ± 0.07 |
7 days | 1.6 ± 0.04 | 1.1 ± 0.06 | 0.9 ± 0.04 |
10 days | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.4 ± 0.02 | 0.3 ± 0.01 |
Comparisons Between Time-Point Follow-Up | Placebo (n = 29) | Flurbiprofen (n = 31) | Lornoxicam (n = 31) |
---|---|---|---|
Comparison between 8 follow-up time points | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
30 min vs 2 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0730 (ns) |
30 min vs 6 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
30 min vs 12 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
30 min vs 24 h | 0.000 | 0.0743 (ns) | 0.0048 (ns) |
30 min vs 48 h | 0.000 | 0.0954 (ns) | 0.0066 (ns) |
30 min vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
30 min vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 6 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 12 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 24 h | 0.0049 (ns) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 48 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
2 h vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
6 h vs 12 h | 0.453 (ns) | 0.0022 (ns) | 0.1503 (ns) |
6 h vs 24 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
6 h vs 48 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
6 h vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
6 h vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
12 h vs 24 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
12 h vs 48 h | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
12 h vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
12 h vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
24 h vs 48 h | 0.000 | 0.0094 | 0.7068 (ns) |
24 h vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
24 h vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
48 h vs 7 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
48 h vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
7 days vs 10 days | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Distances | Differences in cm (mean ± SD) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n = 29) | Flurbiprofen (n = 31) | Lornoxicam (n = 31) | ||
Baseline | ||||
MA-Tr | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 0.789 |
MA-ECE | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 9.1 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.7 | 0.855 |
MA-NB | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.5 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 0.544 |
MA-LC | 7.8 ± 0.7 | 7.7 ± 0.2 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 0.657 |
MA-SP | 9.3 ± 0.9 | 9.6 ± 0.9 | 9.3 ± 0.3 | 0.848 |
24 h | ||||
MA-Tr | 5.3 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 0.748 |
MA-ECE | 9.5 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.3 ± 0.8 | 0.596 |
MA-NB | 9.9 ± 0.7 | 10.1 ± 0.5 | 10.2 ± 0.9 | 0.647 |
MA-LC | 8.8 ± 0.5 | 8.8 ± 0.6 | 8.7 ± 0.5 | 0.558 |
MA-SP | 10.1 ± 0.4 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 0.896 |
72 h | ||||
MA-Tr | 6.2 ± 0.8 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 0.6 | 0.557 |
MA-ECE | 10.1 ± 0.3 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 10.3 ± 0.7 | 0.742 |
MA-NB | 10.9 ± 0.3 | 10.7 ± 0.2 | 11.2 ± 0.9 | 0.716 |
MA-LC | 9.6 ± 0.3 | 9.6 ± 0.6 | 9.6 ± 0.5 | 0.638 |
MA-SP | 11.1 ± 0.5 | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 10.4 ± 0.6 | 0.604 |
5 days | ||||
MA-Tr | 5.5 ± 0.5 | 5.8 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 0.664 |
MA-ECE | 10.3 ± 0.4 | 9.9 ± 0.5 | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 0.785 |
MA-NB | 11.1 ± 0.3 | 9.8 ± 0.6 | 10.5 ± 0.6 | 0.496 |
MA-LC | 8.9 ± 0.2 | 8.8 ± 0.7 | 8.2 ± 0.7 | 0.557 |
MA-SP | 10.2 ± 0.8 | 10.5 ± 0.5 | 10.8 ± 0.8 | 0.898 |
7 days | ||||
MA-Tr | 5.3 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 0.456 |
MA-ECE | 9.7 ± 0.8 | 9.4 ± 0.5 | 9.4 ± 0.7 | 0.558 |
MA-NB | 10.1 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 0.7 | 10.6 ± 0.4 | 0.571 |
MA-LC | 8.8 ± 0.8 | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.9 ± 0.8 | 0.865 |
MA-SP | 9.4 ± 0.8 | 9.7 ± 0.9 | 9.5 ± 0.5 | 0.749 |
10 days | ||||
MA-Tr | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 0.985 |
MA-ECE | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 9.7 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | 0.539 |
MA-NB | 10.2 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 0.3 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 0.789 |
MA-LC | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 8.5 ± 0.5 | 0.369 |
MA-SP | 9.8 ± 0.4 | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 0.596 |
Period | Study Groups (mean ± SD) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Placebo (n = 29) | Flurbiprofen (n = 31) | Lornoxicam (n = 31) | ||
0 h | 41.2 ± 3.5 | 40.7 ± 2.4 | 41.3 ± 2.8 | 0.597 |
24 h | 32.4 ± 3.6 * | 33.1 ± 3.4 ‡ | 32.5 ± 2.6 ‖ | 0.647 |
72 h | 35.8 ± 3.3 | 35.9 ± 3.6 | 37.8 ± 2.7 ¶ | 0.679 |
5 days | 36.8 ± 2.5 † | 36.2 ± 3.4 § | 36.8 ± 3.3 # | 0.771 |
7 days | 36.5 ± 3.5 | 35.9 ± 2.2 | 36.2 ± 3.2 | 0.854 |
10 days | 39.7 ± 2.6 | 42.5 ± 3.1 | 40.9 ± 2.7 | 0.691 |
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Isola, G.; Alibrandi, A.; Pedullà, E.; Grassia, V.; Ferlito, S.; Perillo, L.; Rapisarda, E. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Lornoxicam and Flurbiprofen on Management of Pain and Sequelae Following Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030325
Isola G, Alibrandi A, Pedullà E, Grassia V, Ferlito S, Perillo L, Rapisarda E. Analysis of the Effectiveness of Lornoxicam and Flurbiprofen on Management of Pain and Sequelae Following Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(3):325. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030325
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsola, Gaetano, Angela Alibrandi, Eugenio Pedullà, Vincenzo Grassia, Sebastiano Ferlito, Letizia Perillo, and Ernesto Rapisarda. 2019. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Lornoxicam and Flurbiprofen on Management of Pain and Sequelae Following Third Molar Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3: 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030325