Reference Intervals and Clinical Utility of Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Proteins Electrophoresis in the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagent Validation
2.2. Cohort Comparison
2.3. Reference Intervals
3. Results
3.1. Reagent Validation
3.2. Cohort Comparison
3.3. Reference Intervals
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Protein | Units | Status | n | Mean | Median | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAA | mg/L | Healthy | 41 | 10.2 | 4.8 | 1.3 | 67.1 |
Acutely ill * | 17 | 411.3 | 153.8 | 0.8 | 2816.6 | ||
Pregnant | 3 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.3 | ||
CRP | mg/L | Healthy | 37 | 10.0 | 5.1 | 0.1 | 97.1 |
Acutely ill * | 12 | 374.4 | 140.6 | 0.1 | 2116.0 | ||
Pregnant | 3 | 1.8 | 1.17 | 0.1 | 4.21 | ||
A/G Ratio | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 1.3 | 1.29 | 0.75 | 1.9 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.9 | 0.835 | 0.47 | 1.8 | ||
Prealbumin | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.1 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.2 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.1 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.1 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 2.4 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 1.6 | 1.55 | 1 | 2.2 | ||
Albumin | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 3.4 | 3.45 | 2.57 | 4.1 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 2.8 | 3.07 | 0.87 | 3.9 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 53.8 | 54.8 | 41.3 | 64.4 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 45.0 | 44.15 | 30.6 | 62.3 | ||
Alpha-1 | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.3 | 0.26 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.18 | 0.4 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 4.1 | 4 | 3.4 | 5.2 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 7.5 | ||
Alpha-2 | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.7 | 0.68 | 0.44 | 1.1 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.9 | 0.85 | 0.32 | 1.5 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 7.4 | 15.7 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 14.1 | 12.95 | 9.4 | 23.0 | ||
Beta-1 | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.7 | 0.64 | 0.46 | 0.9 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.34 | 1.0 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 10.4 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 12.5 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 11.6 | 11.85 | 8.5 | 14.3 | ||
Beta-2 | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.5 | 0.44 | 0.26 | 0.7 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.5 | 0.54 | 0.22 | 0.7 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 4.1 | 9.7 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 8.0 | 8.55 | 4 | 9.7 | ||
Total Beta | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 1.1 | 1.08 | 0.73 | 1.5 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 1.2 | 1.29 | 0.57 | 1.7 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 17.5 | 17.3 | 12.5 | 21.8 | |
Acutely ill | 12 | 19.5 | 20.4 | 12.6 | 24.0 | ||
Gamma | g/dL | Healthy | 37 | 0.8 | 0.75 | 0.39 | 1.1 |
Acutely ill | 12 | 0.9 | 0.965 | 0.42 | 1.3 | ||
% | Healthy | 37 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 7.1 | 16.8 | |
Acutely ill * | 12 | 14.9 | 15.55 | 8.5 | 17.6 |
Protein | Units | n | Mean | Median | Min | Max | Reference Interval | Lower 90% CI | Upper 90% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SAA | mg/L | 23 | 11.2 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 62.6 | 0 *–35.9 | Null | 20.2–53.4 |
CRP | mg/L | 20 | 13.2 | 5.22 | 0.1 | 97.1 | 0 *–53.6 | Null | 25.2–87 |
A/G Ratio | g/dL | 20 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 0.75 | 1.49 | 0.64–1.51 | 0.51–0.78 | 1.37–1.65 |
Prealbumin | g/dL | 20 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.17 | 0.05–0.17 | 0.03–0.07 | 0.15–0.19 |
% | 20 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.8–2.4 | 0.5–1 | 2.1–2.6 | |
Albumin | g/dL | 20 | 3.37 | 3.41 | 2.57 | 4.05 | 2.61–4.13 | 2.37–2.85 | 3.88–4.37 |
% | 20 | 49.8 | 49.8 | 41.3 | 58.6 | 39.6–59.9 | 36.4–42.9 | 56.6–63.1 | |
Alpha-1 | g/dL | 20 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.33 | 0.22–0.31 | 0.2–0.23 | 0.3–0.33 |
% | 20 | 3.9 | 4 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 3.3–4.5 | 3.1–3.5 | 4.3–4.7 | |
Alpha-2 | g/dL | 20 | 0.84 | 0.85 | 0.6 | 1.13 | 0.52–1.16 | 0.42–0.63 | 1.06–1.27 |
% | 20 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 8.4–16.3 | 7.2–9.7 | 15.1–17.6 | |
Beta-1 | g/dL | 20 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.6–0.92 | 0.55–0.65 | 0.87–0.97 |
% | 20 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 9.4 | 12.5 | 9.4–12.9 | 8.8–10 | 12.4–13.5 | |
Beta-2 | g/dL | 20 | 0.53 | 0.56 | 0.37 | 0.68 | 0.36–0.7 | 0.31–0.42 | 0.64–0.75 |
% | 20 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 5.4 | 9.7 | 5.5–10.1 | 4.7–6.2 | 9.4–10.9 | |
Total Beta | g/dL | 20 | 1.29 | 1.33 | 1.01 | 1.52 | 0.98–1.59 | 0.89–1.08 | 1.49–1.69 |
% | 20 | 19 | 19.3 | 14.8 | 21.8 | 15.2–22.8 | 14–16.4 | 21.6–24 | |
Gamma | g/dL | 20 | 0.91 | 0.97 | 0.55 | 1.14 | 0.55–1.27 | 0.44–0.66 | 1.15–1.38 |
% | 20 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 8.8 | 16.8 | 8.8–17.9 | 7.3–10.3 | 16.5–19.4 |
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Cabot, M.L.; Dannemiller, N.G.; Cray, C.; Minter, L.J. Reference Intervals and Clinical Utility of Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Proteins Electrophoresis in the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas). J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2023, 4, 108-117. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4010012
Cabot ML, Dannemiller NG, Cray C, Minter LJ. Reference Intervals and Clinical Utility of Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Proteins Electrophoresis in the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas). Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2023; 4(1):108-117. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabot, Megan L., Nicholas G. Dannemiller, Carolyn Cray, and Larry J. Minter. 2023. "Reference Intervals and Clinical Utility of Acute Phase Proteins and Serum Proteins Electrophoresis in the Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas)" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 4, no. 1: 108-117. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg4010012