Study on the Effect of Pulse Waveform Parameters on Droplet Transition, Dynamic Behavior of Weld Pool, and Weld Microstructure in P-GMAW
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Existing studies have analyzed the influence of current waveforms on droplet transition behavior. However, there is no quantitative analysis of the heat input and impact of arc and droplet transition acting on the weld pool surface, so the differences in heat and force effects on the weld pool under different current waveforms cannot be quantitatively compared.
- (2)
- The influence of P-GMAW current waveform on weld pool oscillation behavior, the solidification process of weld pool, and weld microstructure are rarely studied and reported systematically.
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Current Waveform on Heat and Force Acting on Welding Pool
3.1.1. Effect of Ip on Heat and Force Acting on Welding Pool
3.1.2. Effect of Waveform Shape on Heat and Force Acting on Welding Pool
3.2. Effect of Current Waveform on the Welding Pool Dynamic Behavior and Microstructure
3.2.1. Effect of Current Waveform on the Dynamic Behavior of Welding Pool
3.2.2. Effect of Current Waveform on the Solidification Process and Weld Microstructure
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The arc pressure is positively correlated with the Ip. The extrusion of electromagnetic contraction force affects the droplet transition process and the impact of charged particles in the arc space. The droplet velocity and momentum are positively correlated with the peak pulse current.
- (2)
- The change of pulse waveform shape does not affect the peak pressure of the arc with the same pulse waveform parameters. Compared with the exponential pulse, the trapezoidal current pulse droplet has a shorter time to detach from the welding wire. The droplet is faster and has apparent deformation, leading to a more significant impact on the welding pool with the same parameter conditions.
- (3)
- The welding pool’s convection intensity and weld depth are positively correlated with the impact of the arc and droplet. The liquid convection reduces the temperature gradient of the welding pool, intensifies the component supercooling, and significantly changes the growth orientation of the primary austenite phase. The stronger the impact, the higher the proportion of PF phase in the weld microstructure, the larger the grain size of the PF phase and AF phase, and the intersection degree of adjacent PF phase dendrites increases.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Waveform | I/A | Ip/A | Ib/A | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Trapezoidal type | 60 | 485–525 | 20 |
2 | Exponential type | 100 | 500 | 20 |
3 | Trapezoidal type | 40–200 | Set automatically | |
4 | Exponential type | 60–180 | Set automatically |
Waveform | I/A | V/cm·min−1 | Ip/A | J mm−1 | K s−1 | R/mm s−1 | Gs/K·mm−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trapezoidal type | 60 | 25 | 485 | 312.3 | 150.7 | 4.1 | 37.2 |
60 | 25 | 525 | 310.9 | 152.1 | 4.1 | 36.5 | |
100 | 38.5 | 500 | 345.6 | 128.8 | 6.4 | 20.1 | |
Exponential type | 100 | 38.5 | 500 | 338.1 | 129.8 | 6.4 | 20.3 |
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Huang, J.; Chen, T.; Huang, D.; Xu, T. Study on the Effect of Pulse Waveform Parameters on Droplet Transition, Dynamic Behavior of Weld Pool, and Weld Microstructure in P-GMAW. Metals 2023, 13, 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020199
Huang J, Chen T, Huang D, Xu T. Study on the Effect of Pulse Waveform Parameters on Droplet Transition, Dynamic Behavior of Weld Pool, and Weld Microstructure in P-GMAW. Metals. 2023; 13(2):199. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020199
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Jie, Tao Chen, Daqing Huang, and Tengzhou Xu. 2023. "Study on the Effect of Pulse Waveform Parameters on Droplet Transition, Dynamic Behavior of Weld Pool, and Weld Microstructure in P-GMAW" Metals 13, no. 2: 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020199