Hot Electrons Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction for Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of Ag/g-C3N4
2.3. Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Microstructure and Physical Properties Analysis
3.2. Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction Performance
3.3. Hot Electron Transfer Route
3.4. Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Barral, A.; Gomez, B.; Fourel, F.; Daviero-Gomez, V.; Lécuyer, C. CO2 and temperature decoupling at the million-year scale during the Cretaceous Greenhouse. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 8310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nordt, L.; Breecker, D.; White, J. Jurassic greenhouse ice-sheet fluctuations sensitive to atmospheric CO2 dynamics. Nat. Geosci. 2022, 15, 54–59. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ortega, T.; Jiménez-López, D.; Sierra, A.; Ponce, R.; Forja, J. Greenhouse gas assemblages (CO2, CH4 and N2O) in the continental shelf of the Gulf of Cadiz (SW Iberian Peninsula). Sci. Total. Environ. 2023, 898, 165474. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Chen, B.; Tan, E.; Zou, W.; Han, L.-L.; Tian, L.; Kao, S.-J. The external/internal sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) in the Pearl River Estuary and adjacent coastal waters in summer. Water Res. 2024, 249, 120913. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fang, S.; Rahaman, M.; Bharti, J.; Reisner, E.; Robert, M.; Ozin, G.A.; Hu, Y.H. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Nat. Rev. Methods Primers 2023, 3, 61. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Albero, J.; Peng, Y.; García, H. Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products. ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 5734–5749. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qu, T.; Wei, S.; Xiong, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Y. Progress and prospect of CO2 photocatalytic reduction to methanol. Fuel Process. Technol. 2023, 251, 107933. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Low, J.; Zhang, C.; Karadas, F.; Xiong, Y. Photocatalytic CO2 conversion: Beyond the earth. Chin. J. Catal. 2023, 50, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gao, M.; Zhang, T.; Ho, G.W. Advances of photothermal chemistry in photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and synergetic photothermocatalysis for solar-to-fuel generation. Nano Res. 2022, 15, 9985–10005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xiao, J.-D.; Jiang, H.-L. Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis and Photothermal Catalysis. Accounts Chem. Res. 2019, 52, 356–366. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fresno, F.; Iglesias-Juez, A.; Coronado, J.M. Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Conversion: Beyond Catalysis and Photocatalysis. Top. Curr. Chem. 2023, 381, 21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Xi, Y.; Du, C.; Li, P.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, C.; Yang, S. Combination of Photothermal Conversion and Photocatalysis toward Water Purification. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 4579–4587. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Y.; Fang, J.; Dai, B.; Kou, J.; Lu, C.; Xu, Z. Photothermal effect enhanced photocatalysis realized by photonic crystal and microreactor. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2020, 534, 147640. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Fan, D.; Chen, Z.; Yang, X. Coupling solar-driven photothermal effect into photocatalysis for sustainable water treatment. J. Hazard. Mater. 2022, 423, 127128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sun, D.; Joo, J.-U.; Kim, D.-P. Photothermally accelerated photocatalysis over hollow carbon@ZnIn2S4 for enhanced amine oxidation. React. Chem. Eng. 2023, 8, 1705–1710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, P.; Zhou, L.; Han, Y.; Fu, W.; Su, S.; Zeng, M. Utilizing waste corn straw to photodegrade methyl orange and methylene blue: Photothermal effect of biochar enhances photodegradation efficiency. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2024, 12, 112914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Becker, H.; Ziegenbalg, D.; Güttel, R. Discriminating photochemical and photothermal effects in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2023, 13, 645–664. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, X.; Wu, H.; Shi, X.; Wu, L. Polyoxometalate-based frameworks for photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis. Nanoscale 2023, 15, 9242–9255. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xi, Y.; Cai, M.; Wu, Z.; Zhu, Z.; Shen, J.; Zhang, C.; Tang, R.; An, X.; Li, C.; He, L. Identification of photochemical effects in Ni-based photothermal catalysts. Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 2023, 42, 100071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, Z.; Huang, X.; Zhang, G. TiO2-based catalysts for photothermal catalysis: Mechanisms, materials and applications. J. Clean. Prod. 2022, 381, 135156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, F.; Li, Y.-H.; Qi, M.-Y.; Yamada, Y.M.A.; Anpo, M.; Tang, Z.-R.; Xu, Y.-J. Photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction over nanomaterials. Chem. Catal. 2021, 1, 272–297. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guene Lougou, B.; Geng, B.-X.; Pan, R.-M.; Wang, W.; Yan, T.-T.; Li, F.-H.; Zhang, H.; Djandja, O.S.; Shuai, Y.; Tabatabaei, M.; et al. Solar-driven photothermal catalytic CO2 conversion: A review. Rare Met. 2024, 43, 2913–2939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Geng, Z.; Yu, Y.; Liu, J. Broadband Plasmonic Photocatalysis Enhanced by Photothermal Light Absorbers. J. Phys. Chem. C 2023, 127, 17723–17731. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ge, H.; Kuwahara, Y.; Yamashita, H. Development of defective molybdenum oxides for photocatalysis, thermal catalysis, and photothermal catalysis. Chem. Commun. 2022, 58, 8466–8479. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wan, Y.; Liu, Q.; Xu, Z.; Li, J.; Wang, H.; Xu, M.; Yan, C.; Song, X.; Liu, X.; Wang, H.; et al. Interface engineering enhanced g-C3N4/rGO/Pd composites synergetic localized surface plasmon resonance effect for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Carbon Lett. 2024, 34, 1143–1154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, T.; Tan, G.; Feng, S.; Zhang, B.; Liu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Bi, Y.; Yang, Q.; Xia, A.; Liu, W.; et al. Dual Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance effect enhances Nb2AlC/Nb2C MXene thermally coupled photocatalytic reduction of CO2 hydrogenation activity. J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 2023, 652, 599–611. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ge, H.; Kuwahara, Y.; Kusu, K.; Bian, Z.; Yamashita, H. Ru/HxMoO3-y with plasmonic effect for boosting photothermal catalytic CO2 methanation. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2022, 317, 121734. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Xu, Q.; Han, Y.; Guo, Z.; Zhao, L.; Cheng, K.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Y. Efficient photothermal CO2 methanation over NiFe alloy nanoparticles with enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance effect. Sci. China Chem. 2023, 66, 3518–3524. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Dong, Y.; Zhang, J.; Tao, F.; Xu, J. Construction of NiO/g-C3N4 p-n heterojunctions for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. J. Solid State Chem. 2022, 308, 122878. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ye, L.; Wu, D.; Chu, K.H.; Wang, B.; Xie, H.; Yip, H.Y.; Wong, P.K. Phosphorylation of g-C3N4 for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Chem. Eng. J. 2016, 304, 376–383. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, Z.; Wang, H.; Wu, Z.; Wang, L. g-C3N4 based composite photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Catal. Today 2018, 300, 160–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ghosh, U.; Majumdar, A.; Pal, A. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction over g-C3N4 based heterostructures: Recent progress and prospects. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 104631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, J.; Lou, Z.; Li, B. Nanostructured materials with localized surface plasmon resonance for photocatalysis. Chin. Chem. Lett. 2022, 33, 1154–1168. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.; Jin, M.; Gong, Y.; Li, H.; Wu, S.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, G.; Shui, L.; Eijkel, J.C.T.; van den Berg, A. Continuous fabrication of microcapsules with controllable metal covered nanoparticle arrays using droplet microfluidics for localized surface plasmon resonance. Lab A Chip 2017, 17, 1970–1979. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, H.; Song, K.; Lee, M.; Park, J.Y. In Situ Visualization of Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance-Driven Hot Hole Flux. Adv. Sci. 2020, 7, 2001148. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zheng, L.; Yang, Y.; Bowen, C.R.; Jiang, L.; Shu, Z.; He, Y.; Yang, H.; Xie, Z.; Lu, T.; Hu, F.; et al. A high-performance UV photodetector with superior responsivity enabled by a synergistic photo/thermal enhancement of localized surface plasmon resonance. J. Mater. Chem. C 2023, 11, 6227–6238. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, D.; Huang, L.; Guo, Z.; Han, X.; Liu, C.; Wang, W.; Yuan, W. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production over Au/SiC for water reduction by localized surface plasmon resonance effect. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2018, 456, 871–875. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, S.; Yin, Y.; Peng, J.; Wu, Y.; Andersson, G.G.; Beck, F.J. The Importance of Schottky Barrier Height in Plasmonically Enhanced Hot-Electron Devices. Adv. Optical. Mater. 2021, 9, 2001121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jeon, B.; Lee, C.; Park, J.Y. Electronic Control of Hot Electron Transport Using Modified Schottky Barriers in Metal–Semiconductor Nanodiodes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interf. 2021, 13, 9252–9259. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Feng, Y.; Wang, C.; Cui, P.; Li, C.; Zhang, B.; Gan, L.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X.; Zhou, X.; Sun, Z.; et al. Ultrahigh Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Efficiency and Selectivity Manipulation by Single-Tungsten-Atom Oxide at the Atomic Step of TiO2. Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2109074. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Yang, W.; Chen, X.; Wang, J.; Zhu, Y. Photocatalytic activity enhancement of core-shell structure g-C3N4@TiO2 via controlled ultrathin g-C3N4 layer. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2018, 220, 337–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rahmati, M.; Mohammadi Zahrani, E.; Atapour, M.; Noorbakhsh Nezhad, A.H.; Hakimizad, A.; Alfantazi, A.M. In situ synthesis and electrochemical corrosion behavior of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating containing an osteoporosis drug on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2024, 315, 128983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, P.; Yu, Y.; Wang, K.; Liu, W. Efficient Electron Transfer in g-C3N4/TiO2 Heterojunction for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Catalysts 2024, 14, 335. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Low, J.; Dai, B.; Tong, T.; Jiang, C.; Yu, J. In Situ Irradiated X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation on a Direct Z-Scheme TiO2/CdS Composite Film Photocatalyst. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1802981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Cheng, B.; Zhang, L.; Yu, J. In situ Irradiated XPS Investigation on S-Scheme TiO2@ZnIn2S4 Photocatalyst for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Small 2021, 17, e2103447. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, P.; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Hou, R.; Zhang, X.; Xue, C.; Wang, S.; Zhu, B.; Li, N.; Shao, G. Photogenerated Electron Transfer Process in Heterojunctions: In Situ Irradiation XPS. Small Methods 2020, 4, 2000214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.; Yin, W.; Li, M.; Zhang, J.; Chen, L. Multi-component Ag/AgCl/Bi2O3/BiFeO3 for the sunlight-induced photocatalytic degradation. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 107280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Phu, N.D.; Hoang, L.H.; Van Hai, P.; Huy, T.Q.; Chen, X.-B.; Chou, W.C. Photocatalytic activity enhancement of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles by Ag doping and Ag nanoparticles modification. J. Alloys Compd. 2020, 824, 153914. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bie, C.; Zhu, B.; Xu, F.; Zhang, L.; Yu, J. In Situ Grown Monolayer N-Doped Graphene on CdS Hollow Spheres with Seamless Contact for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction. Adv. Mater. 2019, 31, e1902868. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deng, Y.; Wan, C.; Li, C.; Wang, Y.; Mu, X.; Liu, W.; Huang, Y.; Wong, P.K.; Ye, L. Synergy Effect between Facet and Zero-Valent Copper for Selectivity Photocatalytic Methane Formation from CO2. ACS Catal. 2022, 12, 4526–4533. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- He, F.; Zhu, B.; Cheng, B.; Yu, J.; Ho, W.; Macyk, W. 2D/2D/0D TiO2/C3N4/Ti3C2 MXene composite S-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced CO2 reduction activity. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2020, 272, 119006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, G.; Huang, X.; Chen, T.; Zhao, W.; Bi, Q.; Xu, J.; Han, Y.; Huang, F. Hydrogenated Blue Titania for Efficient Solar to Chemical Conversions: Preparation, Characterization, and Reaction Mechanism of CO2 Reduction. ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 1009–1017. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Tan, H.; Zhang, L.; Cheng, B.; Yu, J. In-situ growth of few-layer graphene on ZnO with intimate interfacial contact for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity. Chem. Eng. J. 2021, 411, 128501. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, Q.; Jiang, H.; Ren, H.; Wu, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Chen, J.; Xu, X.; Wu, X. Surface C triple bond N bonds mediate photocatalytic CO2 reduction into efficient CH4 production in TiO2-decorated g-C3N4 nanosheets. J. Colloid. Interf. Sci. 2024, 663, 825–833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, Z.; Ao, J.; Wang, Z.; Huang, Z.; Xu, Z.; Wu, X.; Cheng, Z.; Lv, K. Boosting the photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of g-C3N4 by acid modification. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2024, 338, 126577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, X.; Huang, Y.; Dai, K.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, J. Non-noble-metal CuSe promotes charge separation and photocatalytic CO2 reduction on porous g-C3N4 nanosheets. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2023, 317, 123887. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jia, Y.; Tong, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Ji, X. A facile synthesis of coral tubular g-C3N4 for photocatalytic degradation RhB and CO2 reduction. J. Alloy. Compd. 2023, 965, 171432. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jiang, P.; Wang, K.; Liu, W.; Song, Y.; Zheng, R.; Chen, L.; Su, B. Hot Electrons Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction for Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction. Polymers 2024, 16, 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162317
Jiang P, Wang K, Liu W, Song Y, Zheng R, Chen L, Su B. Hot Electrons Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction for Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction. Polymers. 2024; 16(16):2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162317
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Peng, Kun Wang, Wenrui Liu, Yuhang Song, Runtian Zheng, Lihua Chen, and Baolian Su. 2024. "Hot Electrons Induced by Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance in Ag/g-C3N4 Schottky Junction for Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction" Polymers 16, no. 16: 2317. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16162317