The Ecological Economics of Light Pollution: Impacts on Ecosystem Service Value
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Human Health Impacts of Light Pollution
1.2. Ecological Impacts of Light Pollution
1.3. Light Pollution as a Negative Impact on an Ecosystem’s Service Value
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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lcCode | Land Cover | ESV (US2011$/ha-yr) |
---|---|---|
0 | unknown | 0 |
20 | Grassland_Range | 4166 |
30 | Grassland_Range | 4166 |
40 | Cropland | 5567 |
50 | Urban | 6661 |
60 | Deserts | 586 |
70 | Snow_Ice | 0 |
80 | Lakes_Rivers | 12,512 |
90 | Wetlands | 140,174 |
100 | Tundra | 648 |
111 | Boreal | 3137 |
112 | Boreal | 3137 |
113 | Tropical | 5382 |
114 | Boreal | 3137 |
115 | Forest | 3800 |
116 | Forest | 3800 |
121 | Boreal | 3137 |
122 | Tropical | 5382 |
123 | Boreal | 3137 |
124 | Boreal | 3137 |
125 | Forest | 3800 |
126 | Forest | 3800 |
200 | Ocean | 660 |
Landcover | Base ES Value | LP Degraded ES Value | Percent Loss | Total Loss |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boreal | 5,863,684,004,413 | 5,719,030,091,746 | 2.5 | 144,653,912,667 |
Croplands | 8,291,544,685,053 | 7,811,898,946,845 | 5.8 | 479,645,738,208 |
Deserts | 1,188,699,666,850 | 1,169,067,886,272 | 1.7 | 19,631,780,578 |
Forest | 5,938,223,881,000 | 5,728,574,756,708 | 3.5 | 209,649,124,292 |
Grasslands | 16,479,525,483,146 | 16,060,921,565,694 | 2.5 | 418,603,917,452 |
Gresh water | 3,941,525,085,056 | 3,769,933,279,928 | 4.4 | 171,591,805,128 |
Ocean | 22,271,071,887,240 | 21,959,997,070,930 | 1.4 | 311,074,816,310 |
Tropical | 8,161,178,257,440 | 8,075,040,005,861 | 1.1 | 86,138,251,579 |
Tundra | 91,406,595,528 | 79,563,110,775 | 13.0 | 11,843,484,753 |
Urban | 786,305,211,981 | 627,927,970,892 | 20.1 | 158,377,241,089 |
Wetlands | 32,640,848,534,218 | 31,286,886,809,109 | 4.1 | 1,353,961,725,109 |
Total | 105,654,013,291,925 | 102,288,841,494,761 | 3.2 | 3,365,171,797,164 |
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Anderson, S.J.; Kubiszewski, I.; Sutton, P.C. The Ecological Economics of Light Pollution: Impacts on Ecosystem Service Value. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142591
Anderson SJ, Kubiszewski I, Sutton PC. The Ecological Economics of Light Pollution: Impacts on Ecosystem Service Value. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(14):2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142591
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnderson, Sharolyn J., Ida Kubiszewski, and Paul C. Sutton. 2024. "The Ecological Economics of Light Pollution: Impacts on Ecosystem Service Value" Remote Sensing 16, no. 14: 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16142591