Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Model and Preliminaries
2.1. Channel Model
2.2. A Lower Bound on the Sum Rate Capacity
2.3. Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency
3. The Impact of SPAPR on Spectral and Energy Efficiency
4. Precoding with Equal Antenna Powers
- 1
- The per-antenna power constraint (PAPC) given by
- 2
- The total radiated power constraint (TRPC) given by
5. SPAPR-Controlled Distortion-Aware Precoding
Algorithm 1 Steps for computing [10]. |
|
6. Numerical Results
6.1. Performance Analysis under Perfect CSIT Assumption
6.2. Performance Analysis under Imperfect CSIT Assumption
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AM/AM | amplitude-to-amplitude modulation |
AM/PM | amplitude-to-phase modulation |
AoD | angle of departure |
AWGN | additive white Gaussian noise |
CDF | cumulative distribution function |
CSI | channel state information |
CSIT | channel state information at the transmitter |
EAP | equal antenna powers |
MIMO | multiple-input-multiple-output |
MISO | multiple-input-single-input |
MRT | maximum-ratio transmission |
PA | power amplifier |
PAPC | per-antenna power constraint |
RF | radio frequency |
SINDR | signal-to-interference-noise-and-distortion ratio |
SINR | signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio |
SNR | signal-to-noise ration |
SPAPR | spatial peak-to-average power ratio |
TRPC | total radiated power constraint |
UE | user equipment |
ULA | uniform linear array |
ZF | zeroforcing |
i.i.d. | independent and identically distributed |
nLoS | non-line-of-sight |
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Avg. Rx. Useful Sig. Power | Avg. Rx. Nonlinear Dist. Power | |
---|---|---|
ZF | dBW | dBW |
ZF with EAP | dBW | dBW |
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Rezaei Aghdam, S.; Eriksson, T. Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems. Sensors 2021, 21, 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165534
Rezaei Aghdam S, Eriksson T. Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems. Sensors. 2021; 21(16):5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165534
Chicago/Turabian StyleRezaei Aghdam, Sina, and Thomas Eriksson. 2021. "Low Spatial Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Transmission for Improved Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO Systems" Sensors 21, no. 16: 5534. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21165534