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Towards Robust Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption Based on Image Histograms

Towards Robust Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption Based on Image Histograms

Roland Schmitz, Shujun Li, Christos Grecos, Xinpeng Zhang
Copyright: © 2014 |Volume: 5 |Issue: 4 |Pages: 17
ISSN: 1947-8534|EISSN: 1947-8542|EISBN13: 9781466655645|DOI: 10.4018/ijmdem.2014100103
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MLA

Schmitz, Roland, et al. "Towards Robust Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption Based on Image Histograms." IJMDEM vol.5, no.4 2014: pp.36-52. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2014100103

APA

Schmitz, R., Li, S., Grecos, C., & Zhang, X. (2014). Towards Robust Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption Based on Image Histograms. International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management (IJMDEM), 5(4), 36-52. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2014100103

Chicago

Schmitz, Roland, et al. "Towards Robust Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption Based on Image Histograms," International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management (IJMDEM) 5, no.4: 36-52. http://doi.org/10.4018/ijmdem.2014100103

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Abstract

Invariant Commutative Watermarking-Encryption means to use a cipher that does not have any impact on a certain feature space, which can thus be used for embedding watermarks either before or after encryption. For example, histogram-based watermarking schemes are invariant to pixel permutations and can be combined with permutation-based ciphers to form a Commutative Watermarking-Encryption (CWE) scheme. However, typical histogram-based watermarking schemes based on comparison of histogram bins are prone to de-synchronization attacks, where the whole histogram is shifted by a certain amount. In this paper the authors investigate the possibility to avoid this kind of attacks by synchronizing the embedding and detection processes, using the mean of the histogram as a calibration point. The resulting watermarking scheme is resistant to three common types of shifts of the histogram, while the advantages of previous histogram-based schemes, especially commutativity of watermarking and permutation-based encryption, are preserved. The authors also report on the results of testing robustness of the scheme against JPEG and JPEG2000 compression.

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