Papers by Andrew Elliott
人間・環境学, 2010
抄録: This article examines the politics of sports shooting in Japan during the Bakumatsu and early... more 抄録: This article examines the politics of sports shooting in Japan during the Bakumatsu and early Meiji periods. While Japan was often praised by British travellers for the quality and quantity of its wildlife, shooting conditions were substantially more restricted than in ...
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同志社女子大学 日本語日本文学, 2021
This paper explores tourist gazes and tourist bodies at a particular historical moment and partic... more This paper explores tourist gazes and tourist bodies at a particular historical moment and particular place: the Maruyama area in Kyoto's eastern hills and the hotels (particularly the Yaami) that were established in the early to mid-Meiji period to serve the needs of a new wave of foreign (Western) tourists who visited the city for recreational purposes. It begins with with a consideration of some of the theoretical and methodological issues related to this topic, including Postcolonial formulations of the imperial gaze and its relationship to Western travel and tourism in "the Orient," as well as the case of early Meiji Japan more specifically, and the use of travel writing and tourist photography to carry out a historical analysis of tourist phenomenology. Following that, it attempts to locates the famed panoramic view westward over Kyoto that developed during this period within its cultural, geographical, social and other contexts. This examination pays particular attention to the "body that looks," and the environmental affordances and agents that facilitated this view, as much as the landscape view produced.
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同志社女子大学総合文化研究所紀要第 (Bulletin of Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts), 2020
The 1970 World Exposition in Osaka (Expo ’70) has been seen as an ideological performance that as... more The 1970 World Exposition in Osaka (Expo ’70) has been seen as an ideological performance that assuaged and coopted political, social, and artistic protest movements in the 1960s through the mobilization of citizens behind economic development policies and the promotion of depoliticized consumer lifestyles. Recent research by Midori Yoshimoto and others investigating the expo as a site of multiple voices and interest groups has, however, challenged this view. This essay furthers this inquiry through an analysis of two contemporary expo-related texts: a photograph of the raku-gaki kōnā in Nicolas Bouvier’s Chronique japonaise (1975); and the Daiei monster movie, Gamera tai Daimajū Jaigā (1970). These depict the expo as both a contested event and, relatedly, an event for young people through the figure or device of “noise.” Literally, noise appears in these texts as cacography on designated walls of the site and as low-frequency sound used as a weapon against monster attack. In that, in both cases, noise is a means to protect the expo by regulating opposition, I argue that it represents the limits on meaningful political speech that Expo ’70 both itself embodied and proclaimed for post-1970 society.
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Japan Revew (Special issue: War, Tourism, and Modern Japan), 2019
The outbreak of full-scale conflict between Japan and China in 1937 led to
a proliferation of boo... more The outbreak of full-scale conflict between Japan and China in 1937 led to
a proliferation of book-length reports of travel in the region by Anglophone
authors. This essay analyzes a selection of travelogues that used Japan as
a base from which to journey to wartime China. These texts/travels were
often heavily mediated by official tourist agencies in Japan, who organized
itineraries and guided travelers, and produced guidebooks, pamphlets, and
posters that framed sites in specific ways, typically combining tropes of
oriental exoticism and modernity. This use of international tourism as a form of propaganda intended to encourage more positive views of imperial Japan has been well documented, but detailed analyses of these travelogues allow both the success of this propaganda strategy, and the discursive reworkings demanded by new conditions of travel, to be more fully explored. This essay argues that Western orientalism is radically repurposed in many of these texts to support Japanese not European imperialism, presenting a benign, pacific image of Japan and empire as a convenient but exotic travel site, which either occludes or naturalizes the war in line with official propaganda aims. Though tourism’s reach as cultural diplomacy was ultimately limited by news of military operations in China, these texts nevertheless suggest its efficacy as a disciplinary tool, incorporating travelers into a Japanese nationalist vision of the second Sino-Japanese War and regional geopolitics.
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Japan Review (Special Issue: War, Tourism, and Modern Japan), 2019
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While it was the 1973 Takanashi translation of Unbeaten Tracks that first brought popular attenti... more While it was the 1973 Takanashi translation of Unbeaten Tracks that first brought popular attention to Isabella Bird in Japan, the two decades since the mid-1990s have seen a steady flow of books which either rewrite Unbeaten Tracks or retrace Bird’s route through Tōhoku to Hokkaidō. This article analyses these footsteps travel texts in order to consider Bird’s appeal and the socio-cultural function of Bird and Unbeaten Tracks in post-Bubble Japan. I argue that the “connection” that these texts create between past and present is sometimes understood individually, as cross-identification between the historical Bird and the contemporary traveller/writer, but more commonly in terms of family or national genealogy, a promise of unbroken transmission from the past designed to assuage anxieties about the loss of national-cultural cohesion and distinction. In many cases, these texts allow nostalgia to be transformed into celebration of national continuity; in other cases, however, this project of recovery is forestalled by the very unfamiliarity of Bird’s perspective, which cannot help but reveal that, for modern Japanese readers, “the past is a foreign country”.
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人間 環境学, 2010
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This article examines the politics of sports shooting in Japan during the Bakumatsu and early Mei... more This article examines the politics of sports shooting in Japan during the Bakumatsu and early Meiji periods. While Japan was often praised by British travellers for the quality and quantity of its wildlife, shooting conditions were substantially more restricted than in other non-European countries because of the Meiji government’s unprecedented maintenance of control over the interior. The inaccessibility of game increased the value of a successful shooting mission, allowing foreign hunters to assert both personal and national power. On the other hand, these regulations also suggest ways in which Japan’s unique position, not only as a non-colonised non-European nation, but as a burgeoning empire in its own right, demands a rethinking of conventional postcolonial conceptions of nineteenth-century hunting and imperialism. This reading of Royal Navy Captain H.C. St. John’s Notes and Sketches from the Wild Coasts of Nipon (1880) thus proposes that the neo-Darwinian representation of sports shooting within the text both underlines and undermines the wider political significance of his mission. In particular, the popular hunting destination of Yesso (Hokkaido), modern Japan’s first colony, and the indigenous Ainu, modern Japan’s first colonised subjects, work as a focus for the anxiety that Britain is not fit enough to survive in a newly competitive regional geopolitics.
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Substantially broadening the scope of previous scholarship on Isabella Bird’s Unbeaten Tracks in ... more Substantially broadening the scope of previous scholarship on Isabella Bird’s Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, this article draws attention to the editorial reworking that transformed the two-volume text (1880) into the abridged popular edition (1885), arguing that it is the latter that marks itself more successfully as a “travel” – not “touristic” – account. Moreover, in its redefinition of Yezo (Ezo, Hokkaido) as a climactic destination, many of the instabilities and anxieties of the Honshu travels are herein managed. While this process is quite clearly contingent on an
assertion of Bird’s difference from the Ainu, particularly in her adopted role as ethnologist/ethnographer, it is effected most successfully through the transfer of tropes of “savagery” from Ainu to Japanese.
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Edited Book by Andrew Elliott
War, Tourism, and Modern Japan. Japan review No.33 , 2019
This special issue of Japan Review is the first dedicated volume to bring together scholars in Ja... more This special issue of Japan Review is the first dedicated volume to bring together scholars in Japan and outside working on all aspects of war/tourism: wartime tourism and war-related tourism during war, postwar tourism and war-related tourism in the postwar, tourism and war memory, media-induced tourism and war, war/tourism representations, and war/tourism practices. These issues are explored from a variety of academic disciplinary positions, including anthropology, cultural studies, history, literature, media, sociology, and tourism studies.
The papers cover the period from the first Sino-Japanese War, through the Russo-Japanese War, the invasion of Manchuria and the Asia-Pacific War, to the postwar and into the present day; and they encompass a broad range of locations, including places within prewar and postwar Japan (for example, Inland Sea islands, Hiroshima, Kyoto), pre-1945 overseas colonies (Taiwan and Korea), parts of the wider empire (Manchukuo), and regions on the frontline of wartime expansion (North China).
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Japan Review, 2019
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Book Chapter by Andrew Elliott
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Tourism and Travel, edited by Eric G. E. Zuelow and Kevin J. James, 2023
This chapter provides an overview of the notion of hospitality shaping tourism in modern Japan. I... more This chapter provides an overview of the notion of hospitality shaping tourism in modern Japan. It defines the problem of the Westerner as the default tourist subject. From the 1890s to the late 1930s, tourism operators and policy-makers struggled to negotiate the meaning of tourism, and the position and place of Japan in the tourism world, from within a global system dominated by Western imperial states and Europe-based international institutions. The chapter explains how tourism was a tool that allowed comparisons between Japan and other states and evaluates the process of self-fashioning. It cites how hospitality worked as a means to demarcate the shifting and ambiguous boundaries between modern Japan and foreign others while also claiming the imaginary and material space within Japan and its empire.
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Crossing Cultural Boundaries in East Asia and Beyond, 2021
This chapter analyzes a selection of recent Japanese pop-cultural representations of the 1853–54 ... more This chapter analyzes a selection of recent Japanese pop-cultural representations of the 1853–54 diplomatic mission to Japan led by US Navy Commodore Matthew Perry. The first section takes up the manga series Shingeki no kyojin, Gintama, and Code geass. It argues that the Perry mission or a Perry(-like) figure functions in these narratives as a metonymic target for generalized expressions of animosity toward the outside world (US/West), whose intervention has resulted in national-cultural loss. The second section considers recent TV historical dramas that depict the Perry mission as a liberating event, upsetting the status quo and furnishing new, empowering identities for those previously disenfranchised on the basis of class or gender. However, in that individual liberation takes place within a national framework, the potential for border-crossing cosmopolitan identities is restricted. The third section picks up a wide range of texts that use self-reflexive, metatextual humor to depict Perry. Presupposing a shared awareness between text and audience regarding the historical figure and subsequent reception history, these works show how Perry has been installed as foreign “other” within the national “self.” This reception history shows how this early US-Japan encounter has been mobilized by different groups in Japan for diverse agendas.
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This paper examines Isabella Bird's interaction with Ito, her interpreter-guide, in Unbeaten Trac... more This paper examines Isabella Bird's interaction with Ito, her interpreter-guide, in Unbeaten Tracks in Japan (1880/1885). Concentrating on the textual manifestation of their relationship, and the possibilities for its theoreticisation, I initially consider Ito as first written: obedient and useful, an often-unstated but nevertheless constant presence. Then, I shift perspectives, using the work of Homi Bhabha and others on translation and mimicry as a lens through which to read the text against the grain, arguing that the ambivalence of Ito's role as interpreter (a 'silent-speaker') works to challenge authorial and narratorial power. Finally, I broaden the discussion in order to suggest that, though the text may attempt to contain Ito, the heterogeneous identities he has since appropriated in commentary and rewritings testify to the impossibility, not only of his, but of all determinate meaning.
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Conference Presentations by Andrew Elliott
The shift in Western perceptions of Kyoto that occurred in the 1870s — from a hotbed of hostile a... more The shift in Western perceptions of Kyoto that occurred in the 1870s — from a hotbed of hostile anti-foreign samurai to a “resort of foreign tourists,” as the Japan Times (1899) later phrased it — was a swift and remarkable volte-face. Initially, as elsewhere in Japan, the development of a tourism infrastructure for this new market of recreational travellers was carried out by non-official actors at the grassroots level. But uniquely, in the case of Kyoto, the prefectural government also supported attempts by local merchants to utilize inbound tourism in order to boost the local economy, some thirty years before tourism gained attention at the national level. From the 1872 exposition of arts and manufacturing onwards, increasing numbers of tourists brought new ideas and expectations about how tourism, as a distinctly modern form of recreational travel, should be practiced. In responding to, and negotiating, their needs, Kyoto was transformed, leading to new types of itineraries and hostelries, new ways of approaching and moving around the city, new amenities, occupations, encounters, and perspectives. This paper is intended as an introduction to a recently-launched online resource that explores the shaping and reshaping of Kyoto as arguably the key inbound tourist destination in Japan. This showcases the viewpoints and experiences of visitors to the city, and the infrastructure that developed to service and guide these tourists, from the early 1870s through the late 1930s.
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As the Japanese empire expanded overseas from the 1890s, the tourists followed. While the majorit... more As the Japanese empire expanded overseas from the 1890s, the tourists followed. While the majority of these were imperial travelers from the mainland, following Man–Sen tour routes around battle sites on the continent after the Russo-Japanese War, recreational travelers from Europe, North America, and European colonies across east and southeast Asia also came to visit, and transit through, Japan’s “new territories.” These “foreign guests,” though relatively few in number, were seen as an economically and diplomatically significant group, and became the primary target of state-led tourism reforms from the early 1900s until well into the 1930s. This paper examines, on the one hand, inbound tourism debates, policies, and initiatives in the empire, and on the other, Western tourists’ experiences of travel there, during the early period of “international tourism” from 1895, when Taiwan was ceded by China following the first Sino-Japanese War, to the takeover of Tsingtao in 1914. As much as promotional campaigns or sightseeing tours, the paper explores tourism hospitality, the facilities and services that were established for visitors by colonial government railways in Taiwan and Korea, the South Manchurian Railway, and the nascent Japan Tourist Bureau. Rivalries between the Japanese, Qing, and Russian empires may have been the immediate trigger for imperial expansion during this period; yet the tourism world that officials tried to develop in the postwar(s) both linked empires across the region and also looked to them for guidance about how to provide expected styles and standards of hospitality.
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The process of transforming Kyoto into a truly welcoming “resort of foreign tourists,” as an 1899... more The process of transforming Kyoto into a truly welcoming “resort of foreign tourists,” as an 1899 Japan Times article approvingly wrote, involved more than simply mobilizing the city’s plethora of shrines, temples, gardens etc. as touristic resources for a new market of recreational travellers from the West. It was also necessary to build hotels, reform ryokan, install public amenities like Western-style toilets, train front-stage workers and educate local people. The goal of “foreign guest hospitality” (gaikyaku setsugū), as it was soon termed, was to ensure that “no discomfort disturbs” the experiences of tourists in Kyoto, as elsewhere in Japan. Modern amenities, and familiar types and standards of service, were intended to prove Japan’s attainment of civilizational parity with leading Western power; while a warm welcome and friendly encounters on the ground could work as cultural promotion, helping visitors understand the “true conditions (kokujō)” of the country and, into the 1930s, hopefully diverting attention from military expansionism on the continent. As the stakes for international tourism rose, however, increasing suspicions regarding visitors and official checks on their freedom of movement and activities meant that tourists often experienced Japan as both a hospitable and a hostile destination for their holidays.
This paper uses “comfort” as a fulcrum to examine the tensions of modernization in Japan, great power relations and imperial expansion, and the role that tourism — particularly, being a tourist host nation for Westerners — played in these. In that comfort refers to physical well-being and freedom from constraint, it is closely tied to issues of home and power. Furthermore, comfort both supports, and at times challenges, the “curious,” that is, the touristic desire for the unusual and different. The proper balance between, on the one hand, maintaining supposedly unique national-cultural practices or reforming to meet the expectations of foreigners and, on the other, promoting Japan as an exotic destination or a home of modern services, was debated by tourism providers throughout this period. Kyoto provides a particularly interesting site to explore these issues because of the involvement of local government in actively providing tourist services to foreign tourists from the 1870s, as well as the city’s image — within and without the touristic frame, and within and without Japan — as the “old capital,” a repository of unique and traditional Japanese culture isolated from modernity and the West. Historical research into tourism in Japan, especially in relation to visitors from overseas, has tended to explore questions of touristic representations. Instead, this chapter focuses on the somatic, principally, the ongoing and dynamic process by which Kyoto was made comfortable for foreign tourists, its politics and its challenges.
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Much attention has been given to the scripts by which tourists were guided around Japan and its e... more Much attention has been given to the scripts by which tourists were guided around Japan and its empire from the 1890s to the 1940s (McDonald 2011; Pai 2011; Ruoff 2010; Sand 2014). Whether taking colonial travelers to Japan, imperial travelers to the continent, or domestic travelers to imperial heritage sites across the Japanese mainland, such touristic experiences were variously intended to build affective ties to new territories, the imperial metropolis, and the imperial nation-state. Yet in the case of international tourism — inbound travel by visitors, primarily European or American, from outside the empire — these scripts were arguably less significant. Rather, the Board of Tourist Industry and other agencies who promoted Japan and developed the international tourism infrastructure worked to construct a holistic tourist world that, through its modernity, familiarity, and avowedly-high standards, positioned guests in intimate relation with their hosts. It was in this way, more than control over the minutiae of which sites to visit and how to understand them, that international tourism was a successful propaganda tool. This paper considers touristic host-guest relations in relation to international tourism service provision, especially hotels and ryokan, in Japan and colonies from the 1910s to the early 1940s. It explores relations not primarily at the state level where policy was conceived, but in terms of local encounters of visitors and staff, reading firsthand material produced by industry workers such as ryokan maidservants, as well as those in charge of hotels and ryokan, in comparison with visitors’ reports. Building on and engaging with recent studies of service industry workers in European empires (Martinez et al., 2019), this paper explores how tourism hospitality functioned on the ground, its efficacy as propaganda, and the limitations and challenges to its use in support of national policy.
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Papers by Andrew Elliott
a proliferation of book-length reports of travel in the region by Anglophone
authors. This essay analyzes a selection of travelogues that used Japan as
a base from which to journey to wartime China. These texts/travels were
often heavily mediated by official tourist agencies in Japan, who organized
itineraries and guided travelers, and produced guidebooks, pamphlets, and
posters that framed sites in specific ways, typically combining tropes of
oriental exoticism and modernity. This use of international tourism as a form of propaganda intended to encourage more positive views of imperial Japan has been well documented, but detailed analyses of these travelogues allow both the success of this propaganda strategy, and the discursive reworkings demanded by new conditions of travel, to be more fully explored. This essay argues that Western orientalism is radically repurposed in many of these texts to support Japanese not European imperialism, presenting a benign, pacific image of Japan and empire as a convenient but exotic travel site, which either occludes or naturalizes the war in line with official propaganda aims. Though tourism’s reach as cultural diplomacy was ultimately limited by news of military operations in China, these texts nevertheless suggest its efficacy as a disciplinary tool, incorporating travelers into a Japanese nationalist vision of the second Sino-Japanese War and regional geopolitics.
assertion of Bird’s difference from the Ainu, particularly in her adopted role as ethnologist/ethnographer, it is effected most successfully through the transfer of tropes of “savagery” from Ainu to Japanese.
Edited Book by Andrew Elliott
The papers cover the period from the first Sino-Japanese War, through the Russo-Japanese War, the invasion of Manchuria and the Asia-Pacific War, to the postwar and into the present day; and they encompass a broad range of locations, including places within prewar and postwar Japan (for example, Inland Sea islands, Hiroshima, Kyoto), pre-1945 overseas colonies (Taiwan and Korea), parts of the wider empire (Manchukuo), and regions on the frontline of wartime expansion (North China).
Book Chapter by Andrew Elliott
Conference Presentations by Andrew Elliott
This paper uses “comfort” as a fulcrum to examine the tensions of modernization in Japan, great power relations and imperial expansion, and the role that tourism — particularly, being a tourist host nation for Westerners — played in these. In that comfort refers to physical well-being and freedom from constraint, it is closely tied to issues of home and power. Furthermore, comfort both supports, and at times challenges, the “curious,” that is, the touristic desire for the unusual and different. The proper balance between, on the one hand, maintaining supposedly unique national-cultural practices or reforming to meet the expectations of foreigners and, on the other, promoting Japan as an exotic destination or a home of modern services, was debated by tourism providers throughout this period. Kyoto provides a particularly interesting site to explore these issues because of the involvement of local government in actively providing tourist services to foreign tourists from the 1870s, as well as the city’s image — within and without the touristic frame, and within and without Japan — as the “old capital,” a repository of unique and traditional Japanese culture isolated from modernity and the West. Historical research into tourism in Japan, especially in relation to visitors from overseas, has tended to explore questions of touristic representations. Instead, this chapter focuses on the somatic, principally, the ongoing and dynamic process by which Kyoto was made comfortable for foreign tourists, its politics and its challenges.
a proliferation of book-length reports of travel in the region by Anglophone
authors. This essay analyzes a selection of travelogues that used Japan as
a base from which to journey to wartime China. These texts/travels were
often heavily mediated by official tourist agencies in Japan, who organized
itineraries and guided travelers, and produced guidebooks, pamphlets, and
posters that framed sites in specific ways, typically combining tropes of
oriental exoticism and modernity. This use of international tourism as a form of propaganda intended to encourage more positive views of imperial Japan has been well documented, but detailed analyses of these travelogues allow both the success of this propaganda strategy, and the discursive reworkings demanded by new conditions of travel, to be more fully explored. This essay argues that Western orientalism is radically repurposed in many of these texts to support Japanese not European imperialism, presenting a benign, pacific image of Japan and empire as a convenient but exotic travel site, which either occludes or naturalizes the war in line with official propaganda aims. Though tourism’s reach as cultural diplomacy was ultimately limited by news of military operations in China, these texts nevertheless suggest its efficacy as a disciplinary tool, incorporating travelers into a Japanese nationalist vision of the second Sino-Japanese War and regional geopolitics.
assertion of Bird’s difference from the Ainu, particularly in her adopted role as ethnologist/ethnographer, it is effected most successfully through the transfer of tropes of “savagery” from Ainu to Japanese.
The papers cover the period from the first Sino-Japanese War, through the Russo-Japanese War, the invasion of Manchuria and the Asia-Pacific War, to the postwar and into the present day; and they encompass a broad range of locations, including places within prewar and postwar Japan (for example, Inland Sea islands, Hiroshima, Kyoto), pre-1945 overseas colonies (Taiwan and Korea), parts of the wider empire (Manchukuo), and regions on the frontline of wartime expansion (North China).
This paper uses “comfort” as a fulcrum to examine the tensions of modernization in Japan, great power relations and imperial expansion, and the role that tourism — particularly, being a tourist host nation for Westerners — played in these. In that comfort refers to physical well-being and freedom from constraint, it is closely tied to issues of home and power. Furthermore, comfort both supports, and at times challenges, the “curious,” that is, the touristic desire for the unusual and different. The proper balance between, on the one hand, maintaining supposedly unique national-cultural practices or reforming to meet the expectations of foreigners and, on the other, promoting Japan as an exotic destination or a home of modern services, was debated by tourism providers throughout this period. Kyoto provides a particularly interesting site to explore these issues because of the involvement of local government in actively providing tourist services to foreign tourists from the 1870s, as well as the city’s image — within and without the touristic frame, and within and without Japan — as the “old capital,” a repository of unique and traditional Japanese culture isolated from modernity and the West. Historical research into tourism in Japan, especially in relation to visitors from overseas, has tended to explore questions of touristic representations. Instead, this chapter focuses on the somatic, principally, the ongoing and dynamic process by which Kyoto was made comfortable for foreign tourists, its politics and its challenges.
This paper will explore these “Japan-based” narratives of travel from 1937 to 1941, analysing works by James Bertram, Frank Clune, Neill James and others. These texts represent Japan both as a place of familiar, modern comforts, a point of departure and safe homecoming, and an exotic foreign destination; and thus they confuse and contest notions of travel as a movement away from home then back which “concludes in a confirmation, a domestication of the difference” (Chambers 1994). While in Japan, travellers find themselves participating—behind, it often appears, the tourist “front” (in Dean MacCannell’s sense)—in the internal rituals of the nation at war: seeing soldiers off, observing the return of war dead, and visiting sites of (newly-inscribed) national-cultural significance alongside domestic tourists. These “insider” experiences of Japan authenticate texts and travels in ways typical of modern travel writing; yet they might also be understood as part of a process of (counter-) “domestication”—during the 1930s, official agencies in Japan attempted to utilise international tourism and travel writing as a form of nationalist propaganda that could offset negative coverage of military expansionism on the continent. In particular, tourist literature and promotional campaigns stressed not only Japan’s modernity, in terms of hotels, transport, and other amenities, but also its geocultural distinction from the West, which was underlined through temptingly-exotic orientalist tropes. While some writers, most notably James Bertram, struggle explicitly against any cooption of their travels and texts, others reproduce this dialectic, occluding the war, or at least Japan’s role as aggressor in it, by depicting the country as a benign, picturesque tourist site.
Yet how did this play out on the ground? To what extent could the state ensure that the moment of service delivery worked as intended? In the second half of the lecture, I turn from official policy and publications on the subject of tourism hospitality to the more difficult task of recovering local and individual experiences of providing and receiving hospitality, in mainland Japan and colonial territories. Workers as well as visitors bent or opposed scripts in often direct ways — laughing or chatting, against JTB guidance, in front of guests, for example; but the degree of conscious resistance is typically hard to ascertain. Differently, guides and visitors formed intimate relations on the basis of a classed and gendered mobility, as transnational travel fellows. Although this suggests ways in which nationalised host/guest relations might be surmounted, cosmopolitanism could be mobilised to support national policy in tours of the empire, providing an affective tie between tourist and Japan, whose representation then shifts from destination of travels to provider of familiar home comforts.
This panel explores the multifaceted connections, overlaps, and disconnections between tourism and war through an introduction and discussion of the recent Japan Review special issue, War, Tourism and Modern Japan (Vol. 33, 2019). The thirteen chapters featured in the special comprise an interdisciplinary and diachronic study of “War, Tourism, and Modern Japan” from the 1880s to the present that includes investigations of places, people, practices, and representations across the prewar empire and the postwar state.
In the first paper, Andrew Elliott will explore issues of war, tourism and representation. First, he will review previous research on the problematic of representing war in written and visual texts, the use of tourism propaganda during war, and the mediation and promotion of war-related tourist sights/sites in the postwar. Second, he will consider how papers in the special issue, and the special as a whole, engage with and expand this research in case studies of modern Japan. In the second paper, Daniel Milne will consider tourism practice in relation to war. Daniel will outline previous research about the role of tourists and touristic behavior in legitimizing and enabling imperial expansion, supporting war, and building alliances. He will then examine what the chapters in the special tell us about these themes. Lastly, the presenters will consider some future directions for research about war, tourism, and Japan.
The resource is organized into five theme-based chapters, supported by a Google Map of present-day Kyoto, which survey and contextualize the tourism-related continuities and changes that took place in Kyoto from 1872 to 1941: accommodation, viewpoints, places of interest and amusements, shopping, and services for tourists.
Copy and paste this link to go to the online resource:
https://sites.google.com/view/modernkyotoresearch/home