Objectives: Silica is not essential nutrients for plant growth; however, it shows that it is bene... more Objectives: Silica is not essential nutrients for plant growth; however, it shows that it is beneficial to rice, especially under stress conditions. This study is to test the efficacy of Rice Hull Ash (RHA) as a silicon source to enhance rice resistance against bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Methods: The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the different treatments, replicated four (4) times. CSUT0 (control), CSUT1(30 grams RHA, Basal Application), CSUT2(30 grams RHA, Basal Application; 15 DAT), CSUT3 (30 grams RHA, Basal Application; 15 DAT and 30 DAT), and CSUT4 (30 grams RHA, Basal Application, 15 DAT, 30 DAT; and 40 DAT). The effect of all the treatments is on the severity of infection of the bacteria, plant height and wt.% of SiO2 acquired from soil, RHA and test plant. Findings: Rice Hull Ash (RHA) composed of 87.34 wt. % of SiO2 while soil collected from the Rice Field composed of 68.49 wt.% of SiO2, Disease resistance is as high as 60% when compared with the highest infection rate (T0) to the lowest infection rate (T4). Plant height and resistance produced against BLB infection was observed significantly in CSUT3 (Basal application at 15 and 30 DAT and 30 grams of RHA). Novelty: The study offers an interesting organic alternative that could be used in controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB).
Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, t... more Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, this study was conducted to determine the current pasture establishment and management of smallholder dairy farmers in Cagayan province. In terms of the profile of respondents, Dairy farmers are dominated by male, married, small family size, mean age of 47, elementary graduates, and have an income of PhP4,000-PhP5,000/month. On their present practices, most Cagayanos dairy farmers have 3 ha. field cultivated, most of them have Carabao (Murrah buffalo) as livestock owned when compared to cow (Brahman bree) and goat (Anglo lubian), in terms of years of handling, the shortest year ranging to 20-25 years, and the longest handling year is 60-65 years. For land preparation, respondents engaged themselves in zero tillage rather than cultivation, most of them have no planting materials while other farmers used forages, they more practiced asexual propagation and adopt pasture cut and carry procedure. On the Attitudes and motivation of dairy farmers, they strongly agreed that forages increase milk and livestock production, agrees that forages confer resistance to diseases, produced supply and quality forages, and increases carrying capacity. With all the above results, the study has shown that dairy farmers in Cagayan province have a very small proportion of land available for pasture development, lack of dairy technology, trainings, and seminars, the high opportunity cost of labors are some of the main constraints recorded and must be addressed.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2021
Good timing of application is essential for the successful production of many crops and this is t... more Good timing of application is essential for the successful production of many crops and this is through on the application of controls and depends on knowing how to coordinate spraying with the stages of plant growth. Thus, this study conducted to evaluate the effects of Fish Amino Acid (FAA) at a different frequency of application under field condition, specifically to determine the best time of application of FAA on pechay, and its effects on the agronomic growth and yield performance of the test crop. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with five treatments replicated three times. The treatments evaluated were follows; No application (T1); Every 5 days (T2); Every 7 days (T3); Every 10 days (T4); and Every 14 days (T5). Effectiveness of such treatments was based on the Average Plant Height at Harvest, Average Number of Marketable Leaves per plant at harvest, Average Leaf Area of Plants per harvest (cm2), Average fresh weight of RS Plants at Harvest (kg), Weight of plants per sampling area (SA) in kg, and Computed yield per hectare. Result revealed that T2 obtained the highest mean on plant height, Longer leaf area, average fresh weight, and obtained the highest yield per hectare, compared to other treatments. A non-significant result was obtained on the marketable leaves that range from 6.07 to 7.01. Based on the study every after five days of application is recommended for pechay production until harvest.
Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, t... more Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, this study was conducted to determine the current pasture establishment and management of smallholder dairy farmers in Cagayan province. In terms of the profile of respondents, Dairy farmers are dominated by male, married, small family size, mean age of 47, elementary graduates, and have an income of PhP4,000-PhP5,000/month. On their present practices, most Cagayanos dairy farmers have 3 ha. field cultivated, most of them have Carabao (Murrah buffalo) as livestock owned when compared to cow (Brahman bree) and goat (Anglo lubian), in terms of years of handling, the shortest year ranging to 20-25 years, and the longest handling year is 60-65 years. For land preparation, respondents engaged themselves in zero tillage rather than cultivation, most of them have no planting materials while other farmers used forages, they more practiced asexual propagation and adopt pasture cut and carry procedure. On the Attitudes and motivation of dairy farmers, they strongly agreed that forages increase milk and livestock production, agrees that forages confer resistance to diseases, produced supply and quality forages, and increases carrying capacity. With all the above results, the study has shown that dairy farmers in Cagayan province have a very small proportion of land available for pasture development, lack of dairy technology, trainings, and seminars, the high opportunity cost of labors are some of the main constraints recorded and must be addressed.
The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Botanical Insecticide Extract against Fruit ... more The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Botanical Insecticide Extract against Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis G.) of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under field conditions, specifically aimed to; (1) determined which of the different botanical plant extracts is the most effective in controlling EFSB of eggplant; (2) determined the effects of developed Botanical extract products, on the yield performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), (3) determine which of the different botanical plant extracts is the most effective in controlling EFSB of eggplant and; (4) determined the phytochemical constituent of all the botanical extract used in the study. It was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments replicated 4 times. Among the test plants evaluated, generally Hot chilli and Lantana was the most effective providing the highest reduction on EFSB followed by, Cubeba seriboa, Curcuma Longa respectively, however, it was revealed that all the tested samples shows par to the standard check. It also shown that all treatment significantly lowered on shoot and fruit infestation of EFSB as compared to untreated control check. The highest marketable fruit yield was obtained by Hot chilli, followed by Lantana camara, standard check, Curcuma Longa, and Cubeba seriboa as compared to untreated control check respectively. The percent gain over control was least with Curcuma Longa. From this study, it was concluded, and recommend that plant products are one of the most reliable/viable bio-rational options in pest management practices especially on the control of lepidopteran insect pest like the EFSB .
This study aims to evaluate the growth adaptability, yield performance and Pest infestation on th... more This study aims to evaluate the growth adaptability, yield performance and Pest infestation on three introduced strawberry varieties at Bataan namely; Sweet Charlie, Festival and Summer Princess. Evaluation test was based on the Plant height, Number of Runners, Days to flower, Number of fruit bears, Weight of fruit per pot, Computed Yield and Pest degree infestation. This was conducted at the Greenhouse Nursery of BPSU, Abucay Campus. In terms of growth adaptability, Sweet Charlie obtained the most prominent character followed by Festival variety and Summer Princess. On the yield performance, all varietal tested are comparable to each other, However, Summer princess revealed as least in growth adaptability, study shows that, summer princess yielded better than the two remaining varieties tested u nder greenhouse condition. Thus, summer princess variety is a more noticeable and promising variety that can tribe in Bataan condition. On Insect and Disease assessment, most prevalent insects found are Cutworm and Aphids while on diseases, Anthracnose fruit rot and Angular leaf spot were observed these are caused by fungi. Further studies may focus on the cultural management practices, field test to find out more promising cultivars that will thrive best to Bataan, Sensory evaluation is also recommended.
THE COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH JOURNAL, 2020
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effect... more The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effective Microorganism as bioprotectant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chit.) and to evaluate its effects on the agronomic characteristics and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eight treatments, replicated four times with nine plants per treatment. The treatments evaluated were as follows: (T1) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14); (T2) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14) + Urea (45-0-0); (T3) VAM at 540 g/plot (T4) EM at 1,350 g/plot; (T5) VAM 540 g/plot + EM at 1.30 g/plot; (T6) VAM at 540 g/plot + 14-14- 14 at 72.39 g/plot; (T7) EM at 1,350 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.39 g/plot and (T8) VAM at 540 g/plot + EM at 72.3 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.3 g/plot. Effectiveness of such treatment was based on root gall counts, number of adult nematodes, weight of the roots with root galls, plant height, and yield performance of the tomato. Compared to other treatments, a combination of VAM & EM & 14-14-14 (T8) had the lowest number of nematodes, lowest weight of root galls with nematodes, and gained the lowest weight of fresh roots with galls. This combination effectively controlled nematodes population and increased yield of tomato (var. Marimar) by 10% under field condition compared to all treatments
Objectives: Silica is not essential nutrients for plant growth; however, it shows that it is bene... more Objectives: Silica is not essential nutrients for plant growth; however, it shows that it is beneficial to rice, especially under stress conditions. This study is to test the efficacy of Rice Hull Ash (RHA) as a silicon source to enhance rice resistance against bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Methods: The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was adopted for the different treatments, replicated four (4) times. CSUT0 (control), CSUT1(30 grams RHA, Basal Application), CSUT2(30 grams RHA, Basal Application; 15 DAT), CSUT3 (30 grams RHA, Basal Application; 15 DAT and 30 DAT), and CSUT4 (30 grams RHA, Basal Application, 15 DAT, 30 DAT; and 40 DAT). The effect of all the treatments is on the severity of infection of the bacteria, plant height and wt.% of SiO2 acquired from soil, RHA and test plant. Findings: Rice Hull Ash (RHA) composed of 87.34 wt. % of SiO2 while soil collected from the Rice Field composed of 68.49 wt.% of SiO2, Disease resistance is as high as 60% when compared with the highest infection rate (T0) to the lowest infection rate (T4). Plant height and resistance produced against BLB infection was observed significantly in CSUT3 (Basal application at 15 and 30 DAT and 30 grams of RHA). Novelty: The study offers an interesting organic alternative that could be used in controlling Bacterial Leaf Blight (BLB).
Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, t... more Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, this study was conducted to determine the current pasture establishment and management of smallholder dairy farmers in Cagayan province. In terms of the profile of respondents, Dairy farmers are dominated by male, married, small family size, mean age of 47, elementary graduates, and have an income of PhP4,000-PhP5,000/month. On their present practices, most Cagayanos dairy farmers have 3 ha. field cultivated, most of them have Carabao (Murrah buffalo) as livestock owned when compared to cow (Brahman bree) and goat (Anglo lubian), in terms of years of handling, the shortest year ranging to 20-25 years, and the longest handling year is 60-65 years. For land preparation, respondents engaged themselves in zero tillage rather than cultivation, most of them have no planting materials while other farmers used forages, they more practiced asexual propagation and adopt pasture cut and carry procedure. On the Attitudes and motivation of dairy farmers, they strongly agreed that forages increase milk and livestock production, agrees that forages confer resistance to diseases, produced supply and quality forages, and increases carrying capacity. With all the above results, the study has shown that dairy farmers in Cagayan province have a very small proportion of land available for pasture development, lack of dairy technology, trainings, and seminars, the high opportunity cost of labors are some of the main constraints recorded and must be addressed.
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES), 2021
Good timing of application is essential for the successful production of many crops and this is t... more Good timing of application is essential for the successful production of many crops and this is through on the application of controls and depends on knowing how to coordinate spraying with the stages of plant growth. Thus, this study conducted to evaluate the effects of Fish Amino Acid (FAA) at a different frequency of application under field condition, specifically to determine the best time of application of FAA on pechay, and its effects on the agronomic growth and yield performance of the test crop. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with five treatments replicated three times. The treatments evaluated were follows; No application (T1); Every 5 days (T2); Every 7 days (T3); Every 10 days (T4); and Every 14 days (T5). Effectiveness of such treatments was based on the Average Plant Height at Harvest, Average Number of Marketable Leaves per plant at harvest, Average Leaf Area of Plants per harvest (cm2), Average fresh weight of RS Plants at Harvest (kg), Weight of plants per sampling area (SA) in kg, and Computed yield per hectare. Result revealed that T2 obtained the highest mean on plant height, Longer leaf area, average fresh weight, and obtained the highest yield per hectare, compared to other treatments. A non-significant result was obtained on the marketable leaves that range from 6.07 to 7.01. Based on the study every after five days of application is recommended for pechay production until harvest.
Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, t... more Proper pasture management plays a major role to produce higher productivity of livestock, thus, this study was conducted to determine the current pasture establishment and management of smallholder dairy farmers in Cagayan province. In terms of the profile of respondents, Dairy farmers are dominated by male, married, small family size, mean age of 47, elementary graduates, and have an income of PhP4,000-PhP5,000/month. On their present practices, most Cagayanos dairy farmers have 3 ha. field cultivated, most of them have Carabao (Murrah buffalo) as livestock owned when compared to cow (Brahman bree) and goat (Anglo lubian), in terms of years of handling, the shortest year ranging to 20-25 years, and the longest handling year is 60-65 years. For land preparation, respondents engaged themselves in zero tillage rather than cultivation, most of them have no planting materials while other farmers used forages, they more practiced asexual propagation and adopt pasture cut and carry procedure. On the Attitudes and motivation of dairy farmers, they strongly agreed that forages increase milk and livestock production, agrees that forages confer resistance to diseases, produced supply and quality forages, and increases carrying capacity. With all the above results, the study has shown that dairy farmers in Cagayan province have a very small proportion of land available for pasture development, lack of dairy technology, trainings, and seminars, the high opportunity cost of labors are some of the main constraints recorded and must be addressed.
The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Botanical Insecticide Extract against Fruit ... more The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Botanical Insecticide Extract against Fruit and Shoot Borer (Leucinodes orbonalis G.) of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) under field conditions, specifically aimed to; (1) determined which of the different botanical plant extracts is the most effective in controlling EFSB of eggplant; (2) determined the effects of developed Botanical extract products, on the yield performance of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), (3) determine which of the different botanical plant extracts is the most effective in controlling EFSB of eggplant and; (4) determined the phytochemical constituent of all the botanical extract used in the study. It was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 6 treatments replicated 4 times. Among the test plants evaluated, generally Hot chilli and Lantana was the most effective providing the highest reduction on EFSB followed by, Cubeba seriboa, Curcuma Longa respectively, however, it was revealed that all the tested samples shows par to the standard check. It also shown that all treatment significantly lowered on shoot and fruit infestation of EFSB as compared to untreated control check. The highest marketable fruit yield was obtained by Hot chilli, followed by Lantana camara, standard check, Curcuma Longa, and Cubeba seriboa as compared to untreated control check respectively. The percent gain over control was least with Curcuma Longa. From this study, it was concluded, and recommend that plant products are one of the most reliable/viable bio-rational options in pest management practices especially on the control of lepidopteran insect pest like the EFSB .
This study aims to evaluate the growth adaptability, yield performance and Pest infestation on th... more This study aims to evaluate the growth adaptability, yield performance and Pest infestation on three introduced strawberry varieties at Bataan namely; Sweet Charlie, Festival and Summer Princess. Evaluation test was based on the Plant height, Number of Runners, Days to flower, Number of fruit bears, Weight of fruit per pot, Computed Yield and Pest degree infestation. This was conducted at the Greenhouse Nursery of BPSU, Abucay Campus. In terms of growth adaptability, Sweet Charlie obtained the most prominent character followed by Festival variety and Summer Princess. On the yield performance, all varietal tested are comparable to each other, However, Summer princess revealed as least in growth adaptability, study shows that, summer princess yielded better than the two remaining varieties tested u nder greenhouse condition. Thus, summer princess variety is a more noticeable and promising variety that can tribe in Bataan condition. On Insect and Disease assessment, most prevalent insects found are Cutworm and Aphids while on diseases, Anthracnose fruit rot and Angular leaf spot were observed these are caused by fungi. Further studies may focus on the cultural management practices, field test to find out more promising cultivars that will thrive best to Bataan, Sensory evaluation is also recommended.
THE COUNTRYSIDE DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH JOURNAL, 2020
The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effect... more The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effective Microorganism as bioprotectant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chit.) and to evaluate its effects on the agronomic characteristics and yield performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with eight treatments, replicated four times with nine plants per treatment. The treatments evaluated were as follows: (T1) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14); (T2) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14) + Urea (45-0-0); (T3) VAM at 540 g/plot (T4) EM at 1,350 g/plot; (T5) VAM 540 g/plot + EM at 1.30 g/plot; (T6) VAM at 540 g/plot + 14-14- 14 at 72.39 g/plot; (T7) EM at 1,350 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.39 g/plot and (T8) VAM at 540 g/plot + EM at 72.3 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.3 g/plot. Effectiveness of such treatment was based on root gall counts, number of adult nematodes, weight of the roots with root galls, plant height, and yield performance of the tomato. Compared to other treatments, a combination of VAM & EM & 14-14-14 (T8) had the lowest number of nematodes, lowest weight of root galls with nematodes, and gained the lowest weight of fresh roots with galls. This combination effectively controlled nematodes population and increased yield of tomato (var. Marimar) by 10% under field condition compared to all treatments
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Papers by Gerald M E D I N A Duza
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effective Microorganism as bioprotectant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chit.) and to
evaluate its effects on the agronomic characteristics and yield
performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). The experiment
was laid out in RCBD with eight treatments, replicated four times with
nine plants per treatment. The treatments evaluated were as follows:
(T1) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14); (T2) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
+ Urea (45-0-0); (T3) VAM at 540 g/plot (T4) EM at 1,350 g/plot; (T5)
VAM 540 g/plot + EM at 1.30 g/plot; (T6) VAM at 540 g/plot + 14-14-
14 at 72.39 g/plot; (T7) EM at 1,350 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.39 g/plot
and (T8) VAM at 540 g/plot + EM at 72.3 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.3
g/plot. Effectiveness of such treatment was based on root gall counts,
number of adult nematodes, weight of the roots with root galls, plant
height, and yield performance of the tomato. Compared to other
treatments, a combination of VAM & EM & 14-14-14 (T8) had the
lowest number of nematodes, lowest weight of root galls with
nematodes, and gained the lowest weight of fresh roots with galls.
This combination effectively controlled nematodes population and
increased yield of tomato (var. Marimar) by 10% under field condition
compared to all treatments
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Effective Microorganism as bioprotectant to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chit.) and to
evaluate its effects on the agronomic characteristics and yield
performance of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.). The experiment
was laid out in RCBD with eight treatments, replicated four times with
nine plants per treatment. The treatments evaluated were as follows:
(T1) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14); (T2) Complete fertilizer (14-14-14)
+ Urea (45-0-0); (T3) VAM at 540 g/plot (T4) EM at 1,350 g/plot; (T5)
VAM 540 g/plot + EM at 1.30 g/plot; (T6) VAM at 540 g/plot + 14-14-
14 at 72.39 g/plot; (T7) EM at 1,350 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.39 g/plot
and (T8) VAM at 540 g/plot + EM at 72.3 g/plot + 14-14-14 at 72.3
g/plot. Effectiveness of such treatment was based on root gall counts,
number of adult nematodes, weight of the roots with root galls, plant
height, and yield performance of the tomato. Compared to other
treatments, a combination of VAM & EM & 14-14-14 (T8) had the
lowest number of nematodes, lowest weight of root galls with
nematodes, and gained the lowest weight of fresh roots with galls.
This combination effectively controlled nematodes population and
increased yield of tomato (var. Marimar) by 10% under field condition
compared to all treatments