I am an academic in consumer behaviour who enjoys working with industry and educating the next generation of managers. Highlights of my career are the 2012 ANZMAC Distinguished Educator on whilst at Macquarie University and being a member of the successful bid team on the 140 million CRC Cyber Security government and industry grant at CSU. I am currently the co-editor of the Journal of Consumer Behaviour. Address: Sturt, South Australia, Australia
To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgr... more To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgrounds, marketing educators must incorporate diversity into their curricula and recognise the importance of decolonisation by considering First Nations' perspectives to promote reconciliation and better outcomes. This paper reports on a novel approach of students working directly with First Nations businesspeople to gain an applied understanding of Indigenous cultural learning. The study examines the influence of this approach on students' learning and cultural understanding, as well as how the teaching approach and authentic assessment design within the unit improve the confidence of students to apply these learnings and engage in culturally informed practices, both presently and in their future careers. Through embracing an applied learning experience and critical self-reflexivity, students gained a greater appreciation and respect for First Nations peoples resulting in a transformational shift in their attitudes, leading to greater empowerment, respect, competence, and confidence in their cultural awareness to work with First Nations. The paper fills a gap in the literature by highlighting a teaching and learning approach that engages and builds students' Indigenous cultural competencies within the marketing discipline through a strength-based approach, thus promoting cultural sensitivity and effective communication with diverse populations.
Despite considerable investment, health outcomes for First Nations people are well below those of... more Despite considerable investment, health outcomes for First Nations people are well below those of the rest of the population in several countries, including Canada, the USA, and Australia. In this paper, we draw on actor-network theory and the case of “Birthing on Country,” a successful policy initiative led by First Nations Australians, to explore the decolonization of health services. Using publicly available archival data and the theoretical guidance of actor-network theory, our analysis offers insight into how marketing techniques and technologies can be deployed to achieve improved health outcomes and implement decolonial approaches. The insights provided have theoretical implications for marketing scholarship, social implications for understanding and implementing an agenda of decolonization, and practical implications for healthcare marketing.
A multi-sectoral assessment of risks can support the management and investment decisions necessar... more A multi-sectoral assessment of risks can support the management and investment decisions necessary for emerging blue economy industries to succeed. Traditional risk assessment methods will be challenged when applied to the complex socio-ecological systems that characterise offshore environments, and when data available to support management are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for assessments that account for multiple sectors. Here we describe the development of an efficient method for an integrated hazard analysis that is a precursor to full risk assessments. Our approach combines diverse disciplinary expertise, expert elicitation and multi-criteria analysis to rank hazards, so it encompasses all types of hazards including human-caused, natural and technological. We demonstrate our approach for two sectors that are predicted to grow rapidly in Australia: offshore aquaculture and marine renewable energy. Experts ranked Climate Change as the hazard with the highest overall concern, but hazards including Altered Ecosystem Function, Biosecurity, Cumulative Effects, Structural Failure and Social Licence were also highly ranked. We show here how outputs from this approach (multi-criteria scores and ranks) could be used to identify hazards that; i) could be safely retired, ii) should be progressed to more quantitative risk assessments or iii) require ongoing information collection. The approach can encompass all types of hazards, which enables it to holistically consider priorities. The expert-based multi-criteria approach outlined here represents a pragmatic way to solve some of the challenges of applying risk assessments to emerging industries by using a method that can be applied across multiple blue economy sectors.
Consumer behaviour is often goal-oriented. This is because consumers typically purchase goods or ... more Consumer behaviour is often goal-oriented. This is because consumers typically purchase goods or use services that facilitate certain ends. This link between consumption and goals has been captured by Kopetz et al. (2012), who state that "when people decide which products and brands to buy and in which quantity, what to eat for breakfast, what kind of soda to drink, whether to take the bus or drive to work, they do so on account of different goals they are attempting to pursue" (p. 208). Consumer behaviour may therefore be viewed as an attempt to satisfy one or more goals through an individual's interaction with products and services. An important feature of goal-oriented behaviour is the effect it may have on one's future actions. A failed goal attempt, for example, might prompt the selection of different actions or consumer products for achieving the same end. Successfully attaining a goal,
This study addresses the interrelationships between a business-to-business (B2B) salesperson's sa... more This study addresses the interrelationships between a business-to-business (B2B) salesperson's sales performance and their level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial sales actions. Data was collected through a survey of 252 participants (B2B salespeople working in Australia). Structured equation modeling was used to analyze and test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial self-efficacy strongly influences sales innovativeness and creative selling, highlighting the importance of senior management encouraging and rewarding new selling methods (a salesperson's entrepreneurial actions). Finally, these sales actions positively and significantly impacted individual sales performance. Thus, creative selling and sales innovativeness are powerful influencers of personal sales performance. This research contributes to the sales performance literature by highlighting the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), creative selling, and sales innovativeness. These findings provide additional lessons for senior management when pursuing increased growth and sales performance. As ESE has a positive impact on a salesperson's actions and performance, senior management may wish to encourage an internal environment in which ESE behaviors are not only accepted but encouraged.
Leveraging social media influencers allows companies to provide
information on their products in ... more Leveraging social media influencers allows companies to provide information on their products in a more social and interactive way. Yet, scholarly research on the implications of the effect of influencers on consumer trust, their interest and the purchase decision process is still in its infancy. This study proposes a theoretical model to explain how perceived brand control over an influencer’s post and the perceived commercial orientation of such a post affects consumer trust in influencers. Results show that trust of the influencer is reduced more by the post’s perceived commercial orientation than perceived brand control of the influencer’s post. Although perceived brand control also reduces the willingness to search for more information. The results also show that trust of the influencer is salient in predicting post credibility, which in turn predicts interest and willingness to search for more information.
This commentary explores some of the reputational issues of using academic social networking site... more This commentary explores some of the reputational issues of using academic social networking sites (ASNS) such as ResearchGate, ResearcherID, ORCID, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, and Mendeley for academic self-promotion and considers whether the adage of ‘Publish or Perish’ has been recently overshadowed by the new imperative of ‘Promote or Perish’?
Much is known about marketing strategy effectiveness and its impact on financial returns. Minimal... more Much is known about marketing strategy effectiveness and its impact on financial returns. Minimal research though has been conducted on what type of conditions encourage employees to perform according to the implementation of a strategy. This paper seeks to answer this question by examining the implementation of marketing strategies for research and teaching in the university sector. We find that individual motivation, especially persistence and in some cases public service motivation, is linked to performance. This, along with the role of experience and academic level, suggests that a resource-based view of strategy may be more appropriate for managing human assets and building capabilities, rather than an implementation of a grand plan. Furthermore, we find evidence that several strategies may be more effective than one approach in complex service organizations like universities
This research examined the push-motives driving domestic rural tourism amongst senior travellers.... more This research examined the push-motives driving domestic rural tourism amongst senior travellers. An understanding of this is essential to stimulate rural tourism and to redistribute visitors from high volume destinations to other locations. Applying the push-pull framework, an online survey of Australians aged over 50 was conducted. Participants were asked where they went and what motivated their trip. Based on the trip pattern followed, two rural trip segments were identified - those who preferred the east-coast (Eastern Staters), and those who did not have a geographic preference but travelled to remote destinations (Aussie Roundabouts). Rural travel was found to be driven by three motives, however, their influence differed based on the trip pattern. Eastern Staters were pushed to relax and escape, and experience novelty and adventure. Aussie Roundabouts travelled for a romantic getaway.
Recent research and practice in environmental management suggest sentiment analysis of social med... more Recent research and practice in environmental management suggest sentiment analysis of social media communication can be a useful tool in stakeholder analysis of environmental policy. This is certainly the case when it comes to the controversial use of biological controls in dealing with invasive species. Current numerical scored approaches of sentiment may not reveal the reasons for support or opposition to environmental policies in this and other areas. In this study, we examine how the use of more in-depth analysis based on what key stakeholders say about this issue in media at a national, city or regional geographic level. The analysis reveals quite different reasons for support and opposition to the biological control of carp in Australia, and that within each stakeholder group it is possible for individuals to hold conflicting views and attitudes on this issue. We find that there are concerns at the national and city level about the impact of the virus and mistrust of government and science and that the carp species may be viewed as a valuable resource. Those responding to regional media expressed hope that the virus may lead to the elimination of the carp problem, however, they were more interested in the possible impact on the local environment. The multi-scaled social media analysis of stakeholder views about the potential biological control of carp in Australia demonstrated how social media comments can be used to explore the nuanced and multidimensional nature of community attitudes and preferences.
Strong correlations among share prices appear during market transitions. Numerous measures have b... more Strong correlations among share prices appear during market transitions. Numerous measures have been proposed to predict crash events, but they all show a trend which peaks at the transition itself. Information flow among share prices peaks before a transition, whereas correlation-based indices peak at the transition itself. The classic spin model used in physics describes one type of tipping point where there is a peak in information flow located away from the transition point itself and is thus predictive. Information theoretic metrics of this kind have not been applied to prediction in real-world systems, such as stock markets.
Many retailing and marketing studies have treated China as an ethnically homogenous country and i... more Many retailing and marketing studies have treated China as an ethnically homogenous country and ignored the differences in consumer values and shopping behavior among its various ethnic groups. The current research takes an important first step and explores the differences between the Chinese ethnic minorities and the mainstream Han majority with respect to consumer values (materialism, ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism) and eight consumer shopping styles. In a study of 405 Han and other minority collected from students in Yunnan Province it was found that the ethnic minorities were less materialistic but more ethnocentric than the ethnic majority Han Chinese. The two ethnic groups were similar in cosmopolitan orientation and share four out of six shopping styles. The ethnic minorities as opposed to the Han Chinese are less likely to have hedonic shopping motivations. Path analysis suggested the overall importance of materialism in driving western shopping behavior, but important differences across ethnic groups occurred with ethnocentrism for the minorities influencing a desire for in-group representations of fashion and recreational shopping, whilst for majority Han, interest in cosmopolitism does drive a desire for quality, but less interest in fashion and recreational shopping, possibly because such styles may already be part of the Chinese way of life.
Retailers in China therefore need consider in some provinces the ethnic composition of the region and cater for differing motivations across sub-cultures. They should not assume that all Chinese are equally materialistic and ethnocentric in their decision making.
urpose
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion... more urpose
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs) and their relationship to customer satisfaction, service providers’ switching intentions and actual switching behavior. Customer inertia is said to reduce the incidence of service provider switching; however, little is known about the antecedent drivers of inertia. Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model was tested by a longitudinal/discontinuous panel design using an online survey research of 1055 adult (i.e. +18 years old) subscribers to cell phone services. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was used to simultaneously estimate both the measurement and structural components of the model to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables. Findings
Findings of the PLS structural model provide support for the direct relationship between customer inertia and its antecedents (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs). The results show that customer inertia has a moderate negative effect on the intention to change service providers but had no measurable effect on the actual behavior of changing service providers, other than indirectly, by influencing the perception of difficulty in switching some 11 months later. Further results from an analysis of indirect pathways of the antecedents to inertia show that switching costs are the only variable which indirectly reduce intentions to change service providers. The results also show that the effect of satisfaction on switching service providers is partially moderated by inertia. Importantly, these relationships are reasonably robust given past switching behavior and contract status of consumers. Research limitations/implications
The authors find evidence which explains some of the causes of inertia, and show that it has both direct and moderating effects on service provider switching intentions, though not necessarily the behavior of changing service providers. However, support was found for its indirect role through intent as an influence on switching behavior. Importantly, the authors find that inertia has lingering effects, in that it influences the perception of switching difficulties and, hence, behavior up to 11 months in the future. Practical implications
Managerial implications are that service firms can profit from customer inertia through a reduction in churn. However, high levels of customer inertia over the longer term may increase the level of customer vulnerability to competitor offers and marketing activities, as satisfaction with the provider does not in itself explain switching intentions or behavior. Originality/value
This study is the first study to contribute to an understanding of the antecedent drivers of customer inertia with respect to service provider switching and to empirically evaluate a variety of antecedent factors that potentially affect switching intentions. Importantly, the long lasting latent effect of inertia in indirectly influencing service switching behavior was found to persist some 11 months later.
In this paper we apply consumer goal theories to an educational context by examining how completi... more In this paper we apply consumer goal theories to an educational context by examining how completion of a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) may motivate enrolment in a university course. We contend that individuals who finish a MOOC are more likely to establish a new goal intention for university than those who do not finish. This new goal intention is likely to be prompted by the individual’s satisfaction with their MOOC experience as well as a sense of discontent in not having fulfilled their broader educational goals. For those who do set a new goal for university study, we contend that the institute hosting the MOOC is likely to form part of the consideration set used by individuals to narrow down their choice of tertiary provider. Moreover, we argue that this same host institute is likely to be chosen from the consideration set where the MOOC experience is a satisfying one and where a strong link can be established between the pedagogical and delivery approaches used in both the MOOC and university settings. This research has implications for how tertiary institutes create and use MOOCs, and offers insights into how providers can more effectively market higher education courses to those progressing through a MOOC pathway.
This paper explores Hispanic immigrants' reactions to linguistic servicescapes in retail banking ... more This paper explores Hispanic immigrants' reactions to linguistic servicescapes in retail banking in Southern California. This fertile area of enquiry combines the sociolinguistic theory of linguistic landscape with research into multilingual service encounters describing what happens in the retail servicescape before the service encounter which sets up expectations for what happens during the service encounter. This new term describes the use of language in and around a service encounter including signage and promotional materials as well as bilingual personnel. In multilingual areas such as Southern California where the use of a minority language is politically charged, effective encoding of symbolic language by the service provider is crucial for the success of a service encounter. The results of this study indicate that management's actual or perceived lack of sensitivity to appropriate linguistic symbols leads to both confusion and an attribution of discrimination towards the targeted ethnic group—even if none were intended. What is written or said in the service encounter is important, but this research illustrates that the context is also significant. The wider symbolic use of language is key in determining the success of service encounters.
There is more than one mobile-phone subscription per member of the Australian population. The num... more There is more than one mobile-phone subscription per member of the Australian population. The number of complaints against the mobile-phone-service providers is also high. Therefore, the mobile service providers are facing a huge challenge in retaining their customers. There are a number of existing models to analyse customer behaviour and switching patterns. A number of switching models may also exist within a large market. These models are often not useful due to the heterogeneous nature of the market. Therefore, in this study we use data mining techniques to let the data talk to help us discover switching patterns without requiring us to use any models and domain knowledge. We use a variety of decision tree and decision forest techniques on a real mobile-phone-usage dataset in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of data mining techniques in knowledge discovery. We report many interesting patterns, and discuss them from a brand-switching and marketing perspective, through which they are found to be very sensible and interesting.
Resource based theory (RBT), also known as the resource-based view, emphasizes resources as essen... more Resource based theory (RBT), also known as the resource-based view, emphasizes resources as essential for building organizational competitive advantage. However, which competencies are essential for enhancing customer value remains unclear. Blueprinting and benchmarking are applied in this paper to demonstrate the process of identifying resources that are specific to co-creating customer value. This has important implications for the management of key marketing resources. Based on the case study results, application of the proposed methods suggests a new avenue for extending RBT application to the area of service management and in the development of service offerings.
International Journal of Lifelong Education , 2016
Despite the widespread adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), no business model has eme... more Despite the widespread adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), no business model has emerged to make them sustainable from an institution standpoint. Using MOOCs as a marketing platform shows promise; but for this to succeed, it is necessary to understand the motivations of those who undertake them and to demonstrate how these same motivations can be better satisfied through enrolment in a fee-paying university course. We discuss the motivations for students as they progress through a MOOC and the factors that might lead to subsequent university enrolment. Our arguments are informed by MOOC statistics, the AIDA (attention, interest, desire, action) marketing model, and the literature on adult education, technology adoption, goal seeking and consumer value. We argue that most students are led to MOOC enrolment through close alignment of the course topic and subject matter with their personal goals and through the establishment of an attractive value proposition. Progress in the MOOC depends on whether this goal alignment is maintained, and whether the value assumptions of students are met or exceeded. We predict that subsequent university enrolment will most likely occur when the MOOC experience is both satisfying and representative of the university experience, and where the increased time and financial commitment demanded by formal study is offset by the greater likelihood of attaining the focal goal. For this strategy to succeed, it will be necessary for the host institution to actively work with MOOC students to create an awareness of appropriate fee-paying courses and to promote the benefits of university study. This has implications for the way institutions market their courses to MOOC students.
This qualitative study of both switchers and nonswitchers in the telecommunication service provid... more This qualitative study of both switchers and nonswitchers in the telecommunication service provider industry affords new insights into consumers’ switching behaviors and the role of inertia in the context of the telecommunications industry, and why people may avoid switching even when their circumstances allow them this option. What also emerges from this research is not only the effect of consumer perceptions of particular transactions, but also that the perception of the overall market conditions in terms of fairness and trust of all providers is an important basis for the consideration of switching.
To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgr... more To prepare students for multicultural environments and understand consumers from different backgrounds, marketing educators must incorporate diversity into their curricula and recognise the importance of decolonisation by considering First Nations' perspectives to promote reconciliation and better outcomes. This paper reports on a novel approach of students working directly with First Nations businesspeople to gain an applied understanding of Indigenous cultural learning. The study examines the influence of this approach on students' learning and cultural understanding, as well as how the teaching approach and authentic assessment design within the unit improve the confidence of students to apply these learnings and engage in culturally informed practices, both presently and in their future careers. Through embracing an applied learning experience and critical self-reflexivity, students gained a greater appreciation and respect for First Nations peoples resulting in a transformational shift in their attitudes, leading to greater empowerment, respect, competence, and confidence in their cultural awareness to work with First Nations. The paper fills a gap in the literature by highlighting a teaching and learning approach that engages and builds students' Indigenous cultural competencies within the marketing discipline through a strength-based approach, thus promoting cultural sensitivity and effective communication with diverse populations.
Despite considerable investment, health outcomes for First Nations people are well below those of... more Despite considerable investment, health outcomes for First Nations people are well below those of the rest of the population in several countries, including Canada, the USA, and Australia. In this paper, we draw on actor-network theory and the case of “Birthing on Country,” a successful policy initiative led by First Nations Australians, to explore the decolonization of health services. Using publicly available archival data and the theoretical guidance of actor-network theory, our analysis offers insight into how marketing techniques and technologies can be deployed to achieve improved health outcomes and implement decolonial approaches. The insights provided have theoretical implications for marketing scholarship, social implications for understanding and implementing an agenda of decolonization, and practical implications for healthcare marketing.
A multi-sectoral assessment of risks can support the management and investment decisions necessar... more A multi-sectoral assessment of risks can support the management and investment decisions necessary for emerging blue economy industries to succeed. Traditional risk assessment methods will be challenged when applied to the complex socio-ecological systems that characterise offshore environments, and when data available to support management are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for assessments that account for multiple sectors. Here we describe the development of an efficient method for an integrated hazard analysis that is a precursor to full risk assessments. Our approach combines diverse disciplinary expertise, expert elicitation and multi-criteria analysis to rank hazards, so it encompasses all types of hazards including human-caused, natural and technological. We demonstrate our approach for two sectors that are predicted to grow rapidly in Australia: offshore aquaculture and marine renewable energy. Experts ranked Climate Change as the hazard with the highest overall concern, but hazards including Altered Ecosystem Function, Biosecurity, Cumulative Effects, Structural Failure and Social Licence were also highly ranked. We show here how outputs from this approach (multi-criteria scores and ranks) could be used to identify hazards that; i) could be safely retired, ii) should be progressed to more quantitative risk assessments or iii) require ongoing information collection. The approach can encompass all types of hazards, which enables it to holistically consider priorities. The expert-based multi-criteria approach outlined here represents a pragmatic way to solve some of the challenges of applying risk assessments to emerging industries by using a method that can be applied across multiple blue economy sectors.
Consumer behaviour is often goal-oriented. This is because consumers typically purchase goods or ... more Consumer behaviour is often goal-oriented. This is because consumers typically purchase goods or use services that facilitate certain ends. This link between consumption and goals has been captured by Kopetz et al. (2012), who state that "when people decide which products and brands to buy and in which quantity, what to eat for breakfast, what kind of soda to drink, whether to take the bus or drive to work, they do so on account of different goals they are attempting to pursue" (p. 208). Consumer behaviour may therefore be viewed as an attempt to satisfy one or more goals through an individual's interaction with products and services. An important feature of goal-oriented behaviour is the effect it may have on one's future actions. A failed goal attempt, for example, might prompt the selection of different actions or consumer products for achieving the same end. Successfully attaining a goal,
This study addresses the interrelationships between a business-to-business (B2B) salesperson's sa... more This study addresses the interrelationships between a business-to-business (B2B) salesperson's sales performance and their level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial sales actions. Data was collected through a survey of 252 participants (B2B salespeople working in Australia). Structured equation modeling was used to analyze and test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that entrepreneurial self-efficacy strongly influences sales innovativeness and creative selling, highlighting the importance of senior management encouraging and rewarding new selling methods (a salesperson's entrepreneurial actions). Finally, these sales actions positively and significantly impacted individual sales performance. Thus, creative selling and sales innovativeness are powerful influencers of personal sales performance. This research contributes to the sales performance literature by highlighting the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), creative selling, and sales innovativeness. These findings provide additional lessons for senior management when pursuing increased growth and sales performance. As ESE has a positive impact on a salesperson's actions and performance, senior management may wish to encourage an internal environment in which ESE behaviors are not only accepted but encouraged.
Leveraging social media influencers allows companies to provide
information on their products in ... more Leveraging social media influencers allows companies to provide information on their products in a more social and interactive way. Yet, scholarly research on the implications of the effect of influencers on consumer trust, their interest and the purchase decision process is still in its infancy. This study proposes a theoretical model to explain how perceived brand control over an influencer’s post and the perceived commercial orientation of such a post affects consumer trust in influencers. Results show that trust of the influencer is reduced more by the post’s perceived commercial orientation than perceived brand control of the influencer’s post. Although perceived brand control also reduces the willingness to search for more information. The results also show that trust of the influencer is salient in predicting post credibility, which in turn predicts interest and willingness to search for more information.
This commentary explores some of the reputational issues of using academic social networking site... more This commentary explores some of the reputational issues of using academic social networking sites (ASNS) such as ResearchGate, ResearcherID, ORCID, Academia.edu, Google Scholar, and Mendeley for academic self-promotion and considers whether the adage of ‘Publish or Perish’ has been recently overshadowed by the new imperative of ‘Promote or Perish’?
Much is known about marketing strategy effectiveness and its impact on financial returns. Minimal... more Much is known about marketing strategy effectiveness and its impact on financial returns. Minimal research though has been conducted on what type of conditions encourage employees to perform according to the implementation of a strategy. This paper seeks to answer this question by examining the implementation of marketing strategies for research and teaching in the university sector. We find that individual motivation, especially persistence and in some cases public service motivation, is linked to performance. This, along with the role of experience and academic level, suggests that a resource-based view of strategy may be more appropriate for managing human assets and building capabilities, rather than an implementation of a grand plan. Furthermore, we find evidence that several strategies may be more effective than one approach in complex service organizations like universities
This research examined the push-motives driving domestic rural tourism amongst senior travellers.... more This research examined the push-motives driving domestic rural tourism amongst senior travellers. An understanding of this is essential to stimulate rural tourism and to redistribute visitors from high volume destinations to other locations. Applying the push-pull framework, an online survey of Australians aged over 50 was conducted. Participants were asked where they went and what motivated their trip. Based on the trip pattern followed, two rural trip segments were identified - those who preferred the east-coast (Eastern Staters), and those who did not have a geographic preference but travelled to remote destinations (Aussie Roundabouts). Rural travel was found to be driven by three motives, however, their influence differed based on the trip pattern. Eastern Staters were pushed to relax and escape, and experience novelty and adventure. Aussie Roundabouts travelled for a romantic getaway.
Recent research and practice in environmental management suggest sentiment analysis of social med... more Recent research and practice in environmental management suggest sentiment analysis of social media communication can be a useful tool in stakeholder analysis of environmental policy. This is certainly the case when it comes to the controversial use of biological controls in dealing with invasive species. Current numerical scored approaches of sentiment may not reveal the reasons for support or opposition to environmental policies in this and other areas. In this study, we examine how the use of more in-depth analysis based on what key stakeholders say about this issue in media at a national, city or regional geographic level. The analysis reveals quite different reasons for support and opposition to the biological control of carp in Australia, and that within each stakeholder group it is possible for individuals to hold conflicting views and attitudes on this issue. We find that there are concerns at the national and city level about the impact of the virus and mistrust of government and science and that the carp species may be viewed as a valuable resource. Those responding to regional media expressed hope that the virus may lead to the elimination of the carp problem, however, they were more interested in the possible impact on the local environment. The multi-scaled social media analysis of stakeholder views about the potential biological control of carp in Australia demonstrated how social media comments can be used to explore the nuanced and multidimensional nature of community attitudes and preferences.
Strong correlations among share prices appear during market transitions. Numerous measures have b... more Strong correlations among share prices appear during market transitions. Numerous measures have been proposed to predict crash events, but they all show a trend which peaks at the transition itself. Information flow among share prices peaks before a transition, whereas correlation-based indices peak at the transition itself. The classic spin model used in physics describes one type of tipping point where there is a peak in information flow located away from the transition point itself and is thus predictive. Information theoretic metrics of this kind have not been applied to prediction in real-world systems, such as stock markets.
Many retailing and marketing studies have treated China as an ethnically homogenous country and i... more Many retailing and marketing studies have treated China as an ethnically homogenous country and ignored the differences in consumer values and shopping behavior among its various ethnic groups. The current research takes an important first step and explores the differences between the Chinese ethnic minorities and the mainstream Han majority with respect to consumer values (materialism, ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism) and eight consumer shopping styles. In a study of 405 Han and other minority collected from students in Yunnan Province it was found that the ethnic minorities were less materialistic but more ethnocentric than the ethnic majority Han Chinese. The two ethnic groups were similar in cosmopolitan orientation and share four out of six shopping styles. The ethnic minorities as opposed to the Han Chinese are less likely to have hedonic shopping motivations. Path analysis suggested the overall importance of materialism in driving western shopping behavior, but important differences across ethnic groups occurred with ethnocentrism for the minorities influencing a desire for in-group representations of fashion and recreational shopping, whilst for majority Han, interest in cosmopolitism does drive a desire for quality, but less interest in fashion and recreational shopping, possibly because such styles may already be part of the Chinese way of life.
Retailers in China therefore need consider in some provinces the ethnic composition of the region and cater for differing motivations across sub-cultures. They should not assume that all Chinese are equally materialistic and ethnocentric in their decision making.
urpose
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion... more urpose
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs) and their relationship to customer satisfaction, service providers’ switching intentions and actual switching behavior. Customer inertia is said to reduce the incidence of service provider switching; however, little is known about the antecedent drivers of inertia. Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model was tested by a longitudinal/discontinuous panel design using an online survey research of 1055 adult (i.e. +18 years old) subscribers to cell phone services. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was used to simultaneously estimate both the measurement and structural components of the model to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables. Findings
Findings of the PLS structural model provide support for the direct relationship between customer inertia and its antecedents (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs). The results show that customer inertia has a moderate negative effect on the intention to change service providers but had no measurable effect on the actual behavior of changing service providers, other than indirectly, by influencing the perception of difficulty in switching some 11 months later. Further results from an analysis of indirect pathways of the antecedents to inertia show that switching costs are the only variable which indirectly reduce intentions to change service providers. The results also show that the effect of satisfaction on switching service providers is partially moderated by inertia. Importantly, these relationships are reasonably robust given past switching behavior and contract status of consumers. Research limitations/implications
The authors find evidence which explains some of the causes of inertia, and show that it has both direct and moderating effects on service provider switching intentions, though not necessarily the behavior of changing service providers. However, support was found for its indirect role through intent as an influence on switching behavior. Importantly, the authors find that inertia has lingering effects, in that it influences the perception of switching difficulties and, hence, behavior up to 11 months in the future. Practical implications
Managerial implications are that service firms can profit from customer inertia through a reduction in churn. However, high levels of customer inertia over the longer term may increase the level of customer vulnerability to competitor offers and marketing activities, as satisfaction with the provider does not in itself explain switching intentions or behavior. Originality/value
This study is the first study to contribute to an understanding of the antecedent drivers of customer inertia with respect to service provider switching and to empirically evaluate a variety of antecedent factors that potentially affect switching intentions. Importantly, the long lasting latent effect of inertia in indirectly influencing service switching behavior was found to persist some 11 months later.
In this paper we apply consumer goal theories to an educational context by examining how completi... more In this paper we apply consumer goal theories to an educational context by examining how completion of a MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) may motivate enrolment in a university course. We contend that individuals who finish a MOOC are more likely to establish a new goal intention for university than those who do not finish. This new goal intention is likely to be prompted by the individual’s satisfaction with their MOOC experience as well as a sense of discontent in not having fulfilled their broader educational goals. For those who do set a new goal for university study, we contend that the institute hosting the MOOC is likely to form part of the consideration set used by individuals to narrow down their choice of tertiary provider. Moreover, we argue that this same host institute is likely to be chosen from the consideration set where the MOOC experience is a satisfying one and where a strong link can be established between the pedagogical and delivery approaches used in both the MOOC and university settings. This research has implications for how tertiary institutes create and use MOOCs, and offers insights into how providers can more effectively market higher education courses to those progressing through a MOOC pathway.
This paper explores Hispanic immigrants' reactions to linguistic servicescapes in retail banking ... more This paper explores Hispanic immigrants' reactions to linguistic servicescapes in retail banking in Southern California. This fertile area of enquiry combines the sociolinguistic theory of linguistic landscape with research into multilingual service encounters describing what happens in the retail servicescape before the service encounter which sets up expectations for what happens during the service encounter. This new term describes the use of language in and around a service encounter including signage and promotional materials as well as bilingual personnel. In multilingual areas such as Southern California where the use of a minority language is politically charged, effective encoding of symbolic language by the service provider is crucial for the success of a service encounter. The results of this study indicate that management's actual or perceived lack of sensitivity to appropriate linguistic symbols leads to both confusion and an attribution of discrimination towards the targeted ethnic group—even if none were intended. What is written or said in the service encounter is important, but this research illustrates that the context is also significant. The wider symbolic use of language is key in determining the success of service encounters.
There is more than one mobile-phone subscription per member of the Australian population. The num... more There is more than one mobile-phone subscription per member of the Australian population. The number of complaints against the mobile-phone-service providers is also high. Therefore, the mobile service providers are facing a huge challenge in retaining their customers. There are a number of existing models to analyse customer behaviour and switching patterns. A number of switching models may also exist within a large market. These models are often not useful due to the heterogeneous nature of the market. Therefore, in this study we use data mining techniques to let the data talk to help us discover switching patterns without requiring us to use any models and domain knowledge. We use a variety of decision tree and decision forest techniques on a real mobile-phone-usage dataset in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of data mining techniques in knowledge discovery. We report many interesting patterns, and discuss them from a brand-switching and marketing perspective, through which they are found to be very sensible and interesting.
Resource based theory (RBT), also known as the resource-based view, emphasizes resources as essen... more Resource based theory (RBT), also known as the resource-based view, emphasizes resources as essential for building organizational competitive advantage. However, which competencies are essential for enhancing customer value remains unclear. Blueprinting and benchmarking are applied in this paper to demonstrate the process of identifying resources that are specific to co-creating customer value. This has important implications for the management of key marketing resources. Based on the case study results, application of the proposed methods suggests a new avenue for extending RBT application to the area of service management and in the development of service offerings.
International Journal of Lifelong Education , 2016
Despite the widespread adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), no business model has eme... more Despite the widespread adoption of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), no business model has emerged to make them sustainable from an institution standpoint. Using MOOCs as a marketing platform shows promise; but for this to succeed, it is necessary to understand the motivations of those who undertake them and to demonstrate how these same motivations can be better satisfied through enrolment in a fee-paying university course. We discuss the motivations for students as they progress through a MOOC and the factors that might lead to subsequent university enrolment. Our arguments are informed by MOOC statistics, the AIDA (attention, interest, desire, action) marketing model, and the literature on adult education, technology adoption, goal seeking and consumer value. We argue that most students are led to MOOC enrolment through close alignment of the course topic and subject matter with their personal goals and through the establishment of an attractive value proposition. Progress in the MOOC depends on whether this goal alignment is maintained, and whether the value assumptions of students are met or exceeded. We predict that subsequent university enrolment will most likely occur when the MOOC experience is both satisfying and representative of the university experience, and where the increased time and financial commitment demanded by formal study is offset by the greater likelihood of attaining the focal goal. For this strategy to succeed, it will be necessary for the host institution to actively work with MOOC students to create an awareness of appropriate fee-paying courses and to promote the benefits of university study. This has implications for the way institutions market their courses to MOOC students.
This qualitative study of both switchers and nonswitchers in the telecommunication service provid... more This qualitative study of both switchers and nonswitchers in the telecommunication service provider industry affords new insights into consumers’ switching behaviors and the role of inertia in the context of the telecommunications industry, and why people may avoid switching even when their circumstances allow them this option. What also emerges from this research is not only the effect of consumer perceptions of particular transactions, but also that the perception of the overall market conditions in terms of fairness and trust of all providers is an important basis for the consideration of switching.
Marketing Research, 5e equips students with the knowledge and skills required to successfully und... more Marketing Research, 5e equips students with the knowledge and skills required to successfully undertake marketing research. Combining a solid theoretical foundation with a practical, step-by-step approach, the marketing research process is explored through a learning model that is constantly reinforced throughout the text.
Using local and international examples, data sets and case studies to explain traditional marketing research methods, Marketing Research also examines new theories and techniques. To reflect emerging industry practices, each stage of research reporting is detailed, as well as a range of presentation methodologies. For analysing data, the text covers both SPSS and Excel outputs. This text is indispensable for students studying marketing research in any business or marketing course.
"In Human Dimensions of Cyber Security, Terry Bossomaier, Steven D'Alessandro, and Roger Bradbury... more "In Human Dimensions of Cyber Security, Terry Bossomaier, Steven D'Alessandro, and Roger Bradbury have produced a book that ... shows how it is indeed possible to achieve what we all need; a multidisciplinary, rigorously researched and argued, and above all accessible account of cybersecurity - what it is, why it matters, and how to do it."
Data used in: Martínez-López, Francisco, Anaya-Sánchez, Rafael, Esteban-Millat, Irene, Torrez-Mer... more Data used in: Martínez-López, Francisco, Anaya-Sánchez, Rafael, Esteban-Millat, Irene, Torrez-Meruvia, Harold, D'Alessandro, Steven, Miles, Morgan (2020) Influencer marketing: Brand control, commercial orientation and post credibility. Journal of Marketing Management (in press)
Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, Apr 20, 2015
Purpose – This paper investigates the determinants of credit card use and misuse by student and y... more Purpose – This paper investigates the determinants of credit card use and misuse by student and young professionals. Critical to the research is the impact of materialism and knowledge on selection of the appropriate credit card. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses survey research and partial least squares to investigate credit card behaviors of students versus young professionals. Findings – In a comparative study of young professionals and students, it was found that consumer knowledge, as expected, leads to better consumer selection of credit cards. Materialism was also found to increase the motivation for more optimal consumer outcomes. For more experienced consumers, such as young professionals, it was found that despite them being more knowledgeable, they were more likely to select a credit card based on impulse. Originality/value – This paper examines how materialism may in fact encourage some consumers to make better decisions because they are more motivated to develop better knowledge. It also shows how better credit card selection may inhibit impulse purchasing.
Despite its increasing importance, digital financial literacy (DFL) is yet to be adequately under... more Despite its increasing importance, digital financial literacy (DFL) is yet to be adequately understood. This article reports on one aspect of DFL, namely, digital asset planning literacy (DAPL) which is an individual’s awareness of what happens to their digital assets on their death or incapacity. Our results from Australia and Singapore suggest that single, less-educated women are less likely to possess DAPL, and that the number of digital assets is negatively associated with DAPL, while having a Will is positively related to DAPL. With this study, we put forward that financial education should include consumer rights regarding digital financial assets. JEL Classification: D14; G53; G50; J12; J16
Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science, Oct 26, 2017
Communication with farmers about climate change has proven to be difficult, with relatively low a... more Communication with farmers about climate change has proven to be difficult, with relatively low acceptance of anthropogenic climate change or the idea that climate change will negatively affect agriculture. Many farmers have been impervious to climate change communications because of the nature of farming, their worldviews, and the controversies about climate change in the media. Segmentation studies from the agriculture and natural resource management literatures provide evidence of homogeneous farmer groups internationally with respect to climate change attitudes and behaviors in a farming context. Understanding these segments—including their values, beliefs, and behaviors—is important for developing tailored and targeted communications approaches. Based on understanding of commonly observed farmer segments, it is possible to tailor communication strategies to better engage with segments of concern, including which message to use, appropriate sources, as well as alternative communication techniques based on participatory approaches and use of the arts. For certain segments, discussion about human-induced climate change should be avoided given that it is contentious and not critical for how farmers should respond to climate change. Theoretical frameworks from psychology and marketing—such as the theory of planned behavior, the attitude-to-behavior process model, the motivation and opportunity and determinants (MODE) model, motivation to avoid harm, and the elaboration likelihood model—can also be used to inform the design of communication strategies for engaging with farmers. However, a careful analysis of farmer segments, their worldviews, their beliefs, and their position in the consumer decision-making process suggests that the recommendations from these theoretical models should not be implemented uniformly across farmer segments. Rather, the various theoretical models provide a number of strategies that need to be selectively applied based on knowledge of the target segment. While use of theory and understanding of segments will help to improve communications with farmers, it is apparent that changing the beliefs of farmers in some segments about the need to respond to climate change will require more than simply increasing the quantity or quality of communications. Engaging farmers in these segments requires a much richer information set and a much greater effort to show farmers how they should be responding to climate variability and change using practical demonstrations and participatory approaches.
This paper models some simple consumer behaviour of the acceptance of a new mobile phone technolo... more This paper models some simple consumer behaviour of the acceptance of a new mobile phone technology (4G) versus a mode widespread existing technology (3G). It is commonly believed that the adoption and use of new mobile networks is based on price and service. New networks though may face limitations of providing access to all consumers and managers may need to carefully consider to what extent a network can be upgraded and expanded given a limited capital budget. There is however, the risk of churn, of customers leaving a network for other providers if their requirements cannot be catered for. Results from an Agent Based Modelling Simulation using Netlogo found that consumer tolerance (or patience) the number of Four G Access points capacity of each access point and only the price of 3G seemed to influence the happiness of consumers and the mean use of technology (4G and 3G). Loss of customers is determined mainly by tolerance. The implications for managers are; that planning for capacity is important but you don’t have to provide access to all consumers; the price of the old technology is more important than the price of the new technology and relationship marketing is important to increase tolerance and prevent churn.1 page(s
Springer proceedings in business and economics, 2019
Tipping points occur in many natural and socio-economic systems, and may have serious implication... more Tipping points occur in many natural and socio-economic systems, and may have serious implications when they occur. Changes in retail market structure and the development of new markets, we argue, can also be studied from the perspective of complex systems using insights from biology and physics. In this review, we discuss the theory of tipping points, or more accurately, phase transitions and how they may be identified and predicted both mathematically and by pattern recognition
Increased longevity means that many people live into their 70s, 80s and beyond, with increasing n... more Increased longevity means that many people live into their 70s, 80s and beyond, with increasing numbers living with chronic disease. The role of the Internet in the care of chronic disease has been explored within the health literature and, to a lesser extent, within the marketing literature, with recent research suggesting that around 60% of patients source internet-based information about medical conditions and treatment. This mixed-methods study explores the impact of online support groups on the doctor–patient relationship finding that participants in an online support group for inflammatory bowel disease share lay advice, empower each other and act as a credible channel for word-of-mouth referrals. The traditional asymmetric relationship between patient and doctor is challenged by this new form of educated, empowered health consumer who is able to work in partnership with medical service providers in the ongoing management of chronic illness.
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emerging blue economy industries to succeed. Traditional risk assessment methods will be challenged when
applied to the complex socio-ecological systems that characterise offshore environments, and when data available
to support management are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for assessments that account for multiple
sectors. Here we describe the development of an efficient method for an integrated hazard analysis that is a
precursor to full risk assessments. Our approach combines diverse disciplinary expertise, expert elicitation and
multi-criteria analysis to rank hazards, so it encompasses all types of hazards including human-caused, natural
and technological. We demonstrate our approach for two sectors that are predicted to grow rapidly in Australia:
offshore aquaculture and marine renewable energy. Experts ranked Climate Change as the hazard with the highest
overall concern, but hazards including Altered Ecosystem Function, Biosecurity, Cumulative Effects, Structural Failure
and Social Licence were also highly ranked. We show here how outputs from this approach (multi-criteria scores
and ranks) could be used to identify hazards that; i) could be safely retired, ii) should be progressed to more
quantitative risk assessments or iii) require ongoing information collection. The approach can encompass all
types of hazards, which enables it to holistically consider priorities. The expert-based multi-criteria approach
outlined here represents a pragmatic way to solve some of the challenges of applying risk assessments to
emerging industries by using a method that can be applied across multiple blue economy sectors.
information on their products in a more social and interactive way.
Yet, scholarly research on the implications of the effect of influencers
on consumer trust, their interest and the purchase decision process is
still in its infancy. This study proposes a theoretical model to explain
how perceived brand control over an influencer’s post and the
perceived commercial orientation of such a post affects consumer
trust in influencers. Results show that trust of the influencer is
reduced more by the post’s perceived commercial orientation than
perceived brand control of the influencer’s post. Although perceived
brand control also reduces the willingness to search for more information.
The results also show that trust of the influencer is salient in
predicting post credibility, which in turn predicts interest and willingness
to search for more information.
Retailers in China therefore need consider in some provinces the ethnic composition of the region and cater for differing motivations across sub-cultures. They should not assume that all Chinese are equally materialistic and ethnocentric in their decision making.
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs) and their relationship to customer satisfaction, service providers’ switching intentions and actual switching behavior. Customer inertia is said to reduce the incidence of service provider switching; however, little is known about the antecedent drivers of inertia.
Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model was tested by a longitudinal/discontinuous panel design using an online survey research of 1055 adult (i.e. +18 years old) subscribers to cell phone services. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was used to simultaneously estimate both the measurement and structural components of the model to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables.
Findings
Findings of the PLS structural model provide support for the direct relationship between customer inertia and its antecedents (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs). The results show that customer inertia has a moderate negative effect on the intention to change service providers but had no measurable effect on the actual behavior of changing service providers, other than indirectly, by influencing the perception of difficulty in switching some 11 months later. Further results from an analysis of indirect pathways of the antecedents to inertia show that switching costs are the only variable which indirectly reduce intentions to change service providers. The results also show that the effect of satisfaction on switching service providers is partially moderated by inertia. Importantly, these relationships are reasonably robust given past switching behavior and contract status of consumers.
Research limitations/implications
The authors find evidence which explains some of the causes of inertia, and show that it has both direct and moderating effects on service provider switching intentions, though not necessarily the behavior of changing service providers. However, support was found for its indirect role through intent as an influence on switching behavior. Importantly, the authors find that inertia has lingering effects, in that it influences the perception of switching difficulties and, hence, behavior up to 11 months in the future.
Practical implications
Managerial implications are that service firms can profit from customer inertia through a reduction in churn. However, high levels of customer inertia over the longer term may increase the level of customer vulnerability to competitor offers and marketing activities, as satisfaction with the provider does not in itself explain switching intentions or behavior.
Originality/value
This study is the first study to contribute to an understanding of the antecedent drivers of customer inertia with respect to service provider switching and to empirically evaluate a variety of antecedent factors that potentially affect switching intentions. Importantly, the long lasting latent effect of inertia in indirectly influencing service switching behavior was found to persist some 11 months later.
emerging blue economy industries to succeed. Traditional risk assessment methods will be challenged when
applied to the complex socio-ecological systems that characterise offshore environments, and when data available
to support management are lacking. Therefore, there is a need for assessments that account for multiple
sectors. Here we describe the development of an efficient method for an integrated hazard analysis that is a
precursor to full risk assessments. Our approach combines diverse disciplinary expertise, expert elicitation and
multi-criteria analysis to rank hazards, so it encompasses all types of hazards including human-caused, natural
and technological. We demonstrate our approach for two sectors that are predicted to grow rapidly in Australia:
offshore aquaculture and marine renewable energy. Experts ranked Climate Change as the hazard with the highest
overall concern, but hazards including Altered Ecosystem Function, Biosecurity, Cumulative Effects, Structural Failure
and Social Licence were also highly ranked. We show here how outputs from this approach (multi-criteria scores
and ranks) could be used to identify hazards that; i) could be safely retired, ii) should be progressed to more
quantitative risk assessments or iii) require ongoing information collection. The approach can encompass all
types of hazards, which enables it to holistically consider priorities. The expert-based multi-criteria approach
outlined here represents a pragmatic way to solve some of the challenges of applying risk assessments to
emerging industries by using a method that can be applied across multiple blue economy sectors.
information on their products in a more social and interactive way.
Yet, scholarly research on the implications of the effect of influencers
on consumer trust, their interest and the purchase decision process is
still in its infancy. This study proposes a theoretical model to explain
how perceived brand control over an influencer’s post and the
perceived commercial orientation of such a post affects consumer
trust in influencers. Results show that trust of the influencer is
reduced more by the post’s perceived commercial orientation than
perceived brand control of the influencer’s post. Although perceived
brand control also reduces the willingness to search for more information.
The results also show that trust of the influencer is salient in
predicting post credibility, which in turn predicts interest and willingness
to search for more information.
Retailers in China therefore need consider in some provinces the ethnic composition of the region and cater for differing motivations across sub-cultures. They should not assume that all Chinese are equally materialistic and ethnocentric in their decision making.
This paper aims to examine the antecedents of customer inertia (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs) and their relationship to customer satisfaction, service providers’ switching intentions and actual switching behavior. Customer inertia is said to reduce the incidence of service provider switching; however, little is known about the antecedent drivers of inertia.
Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model was tested by a longitudinal/discontinuous panel design using an online survey research of 1055 adult (i.e. +18 years old) subscribers to cell phone services. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling was used to simultaneously estimate both the measurement and structural components of the model to determine the nature of the relationships between the variables.
Findings
Findings of the PLS structural model provide support for the direct relationship between customer inertia and its antecedents (i.e. knowledge, confusion, perceptions of competitor similarity and switching costs). The results show that customer inertia has a moderate negative effect on the intention to change service providers but had no measurable effect on the actual behavior of changing service providers, other than indirectly, by influencing the perception of difficulty in switching some 11 months later. Further results from an analysis of indirect pathways of the antecedents to inertia show that switching costs are the only variable which indirectly reduce intentions to change service providers. The results also show that the effect of satisfaction on switching service providers is partially moderated by inertia. Importantly, these relationships are reasonably robust given past switching behavior and contract status of consumers.
Research limitations/implications
The authors find evidence which explains some of the causes of inertia, and show that it has both direct and moderating effects on service provider switching intentions, though not necessarily the behavior of changing service providers. However, support was found for its indirect role through intent as an influence on switching behavior. Importantly, the authors find that inertia has lingering effects, in that it influences the perception of switching difficulties and, hence, behavior up to 11 months in the future.
Practical implications
Managerial implications are that service firms can profit from customer inertia through a reduction in churn. However, high levels of customer inertia over the longer term may increase the level of customer vulnerability to competitor offers and marketing activities, as satisfaction with the provider does not in itself explain switching intentions or behavior.
Originality/value
This study is the first study to contribute to an understanding of the antecedent drivers of customer inertia with respect to service provider switching and to empirically evaluate a variety of antecedent factors that potentially affect switching intentions. Importantly, the long lasting latent effect of inertia in indirectly influencing service switching behavior was found to persist some 11 months later.
Using local and international examples, data sets and case studies to explain traditional marketing research methods, Marketing Research also examines new theories and techniques. To reflect emerging industry practices, each stage of research reporting is detailed, as well as a range of presentation methodologies. For analysing data, the text covers both SPSS and Excel outputs. This text is indispensable for students studying marketing research in any business or marketing course.