A method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of methadone, codeine, morphine, mo... more A method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of methadone, codeine, morphine, monoacetylmorphine and heroin in hair by use of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed. Hair samples are incubated with dithiothreitol and subsequently subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with Pronase E. Following addition of their deuterated internal standards, samples are subjected to liquid-liquid extraction in ToxiTubes
The present study was a pilot study that aimed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in t... more The present study was a pilot study that aimed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in the human diets and its presence in human urine as a metabolite (aflatoxin M1; AFM1). Volunteers from the Amazon region were evaluated before and after the consumption of 2 Brazil nuts/day for thirty days. At the end of 30 days (t=30) without the consumption of Brazil nuts, 9 samples (30%) were positive for AFM1. After 30 days (t=30) consuming 2 Brazil nuts per day, there was a reduction to 2 positive samples (7%). Questionnaires were also applied to volunteers, and the foods most often cited as consumed in their normal diet were cereals and bovine milk. However, there was no statistical relationship between these foods and the levels of AFM1 in the urine or in relation to those who already consumed Brazil nuts in culinary preparations or derived products. Despite the reduction of positive samples for AFM1 after 30 days of Brazil nut consumption, we suggest further studies regarding the c...
Foi realizado um levantamento sobre uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes da Faculdade de Ciência... more Foi realizado um levantamento sobre uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil, em uma amostra de 521 alunos. O "uso na vida" de álcool foi relatado por 87,7% dos estudantes (IC95%: 85,34-90,06) e o de tabaco por 30,7% (IC 95%: 27,39-34,01), sendo o último maior entre estudantes do sexo masculino (39,7%; IC95%: 33,33-46,01). As substâncias ilegais mais usadas foram: solventes (11,9%; IC95%: 9,57-14,23), maconha (9,4%; IC95%: 7,30-11,50), anfetamínicos e ansiolíticos (ambos com 9,2%; IC95%: 7,12-11,28), cocaína (2,1%; IC95%: 1,07- 3,13) e alucinógenos (1,2%; IC95%: 0,42-1,98). O principal motivo relatado para o uso de drogas ilegais foi a curiosidade. O "uso na vida" de esteróides anabolizantes foi citado por 2,1% dos estudantes. O uso abusivo de álcool nos últimos 30 dias foi relatado por 12,4% dos universitários. Entre os eventos ocorridos após a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, os e...
The evaluation of drug abuse in a defined population was performed through toxicological hair ana... more The evaluation of drug abuse in a defined population was performed through toxicological hair analysis. Hair samples from university students ranging from 18 to 25 years of age were anonymously collected and screened for cocaine, amphetamines and cannabinoids by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Positive results (cut-off values adopted were 2 ng/mg for cocaine and amphetamines and 0.5 ng/mg for cannabinoids) were confirmed by GC/MS. Preliminary results showed 19% of positive results for cocaine on 200 samples analysed. No confirmed positive results were obtained for amphetamine analysis. RIA technique demonstrated its unsuitability for cannabinoids preliminary screening on hair, giving a high percent of false positive results.
Methadone elimination half‐life was determined in 18 patients under maintenance treatments and fo... more Methadone elimination half‐life was determined in 18 patients under maintenance treatments and found to range from 2.05 to 49.6 h. A study of potential correlations between this parameter and the presence of concomitant drugs, inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450, revealed an increase or decrease of methadone elimination half‐life, respectively. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary excretion of methadone was determined in three patients, who were found to release 22.3–49.8% of the dose taken. The amount excreted varied with the chemical form (unaltered drug or its main metabolite) in the three cases. No statistically significant correlation was found between urine pH and the elimination half‐life (p < 0.50).
A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and afla... more A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and aflatoxin in shelled Brazil nuts, which were classified in different sizes, for export. The selenium determinations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LOQ = 3.0 µg g-1), and aflatoxins were detected by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LOQ = 0.85 µg kg-1), recovery rates were between 92 and 100%. Radioactivity was measured by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The selenium mean concentration was (22.7 ± 7.4) µg g-1. (n = 30). Mean activities determined for the following radium isotopes were: 15.77 Bq kg-1 for 224Ra, 104.8 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra and 99.48 Bq kg-1 for 228Ra. For 226Ra, the levels did not vary significantly with nut sizes, although such differences were observed for 224Ra and 228Ra. There was no statistically significant association between the level of selenium and the activity of radionuclides, however, there was correlation between...
Los programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) son la modalidad de tratamiento mas ampliamente... more Los programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) son la modalidad de tratamiento mas ampliamente utilizada para la dependencia de opiaceos en la mayoria de los paises. En Espana mas de 55 mil pacientes se encuentran inscritos en estos programas, cuya efectividad se fundamenta en el mantenimiento de niveles plasmaticos de metadona capaces de frenar los sintomas de abstinencia y permitir a los pacientes retomar un estilo de vida mas sano. No existe un rango terapeutico con limites definidos para la metadona y el establecimiento de las dosis idoneas se debe realizar de forma individualizada, orientado por la monitorizacion terapeutica. Sin embargo, los pacientes rechazan esta practica en los programas, debido a que la recogida de sangre les suele ser dolorosa por el mal estado en que se encuentran sus venas, como consecuencia del consumo de drogas por via parenteral. En esta memoria se presentan los resultados de la comparacion entre la microextraccion en fase solida (SPME) frente a l...
A method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of methadone, codeine, morphine, mo... more A method for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of methadone, codeine, morphine, monoacetylmorphine and heroin in hair by use of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed. Hair samples are incubated with dithiothreitol and subsequently subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with Pronase E. Following addition of their deuterated internal standards, samples are subjected to liquid-liquid extraction in ToxiTubes
The present study was a pilot study that aimed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in t... more The present study was a pilot study that aimed to evaluate the occurrence of aflatoxins (AF) in the human diets and its presence in human urine as a metabolite (aflatoxin M1; AFM1). Volunteers from the Amazon region were evaluated before and after the consumption of 2 Brazil nuts/day for thirty days. At the end of 30 days (t=30) without the consumption of Brazil nuts, 9 samples (30%) were positive for AFM1. After 30 days (t=30) consuming 2 Brazil nuts per day, there was a reduction to 2 positive samples (7%). Questionnaires were also applied to volunteers, and the foods most often cited as consumed in their normal diet were cereals and bovine milk. However, there was no statistical relationship between these foods and the levels of AFM1 in the urine or in relation to those who already consumed Brazil nuts in culinary preparations or derived products. Despite the reduction of positive samples for AFM1 after 30 days of Brazil nut consumption, we suggest further studies regarding the c...
Foi realizado um levantamento sobre uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes da Faculdade de Ciência... more Foi realizado um levantamento sobre uso de psicotrópicos entre estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brasil, em uma amostra de 521 alunos. O "uso na vida" de álcool foi relatado por 87,7% dos estudantes (IC95%: 85,34-90,06) e o de tabaco por 30,7% (IC 95%: 27,39-34,01), sendo o último maior entre estudantes do sexo masculino (39,7%; IC95%: 33,33-46,01). As substâncias ilegais mais usadas foram: solventes (11,9%; IC95%: 9,57-14,23), maconha (9,4%; IC95%: 7,30-11,50), anfetamínicos e ansiolíticos (ambos com 9,2%; IC95%: 7,12-11,28), cocaína (2,1%; IC95%: 1,07- 3,13) e alucinógenos (1,2%; IC95%: 0,42-1,98). O principal motivo relatado para o uso de drogas ilegais foi a curiosidade. O "uso na vida" de esteróides anabolizantes foi citado por 2,1% dos estudantes. O uso abusivo de álcool nos últimos 30 dias foi relatado por 12,4% dos universitários. Entre os eventos ocorridos após a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, os e...
The evaluation of drug abuse in a defined population was performed through toxicological hair ana... more The evaluation of drug abuse in a defined population was performed through toxicological hair analysis. Hair samples from university students ranging from 18 to 25 years of age were anonymously collected and screened for cocaine, amphetamines and cannabinoids by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Positive results (cut-off values adopted were 2 ng/mg for cocaine and amphetamines and 0.5 ng/mg for cannabinoids) were confirmed by GC/MS. Preliminary results showed 19% of positive results for cocaine on 200 samples analysed. No confirmed positive results were obtained for amphetamine analysis. RIA technique demonstrated its unsuitability for cannabinoids preliminary screening on hair, giving a high percent of false positive results.
Methadone elimination half‐life was determined in 18 patients under maintenance treatments and fo... more Methadone elimination half‐life was determined in 18 patients under maintenance treatments and found to range from 2.05 to 49.6 h. A study of potential correlations between this parameter and the presence of concomitant drugs, inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450, revealed an increase or decrease of methadone elimination half‐life, respectively. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary excretion of methadone was determined in three patients, who were found to release 22.3–49.8% of the dose taken. The amount excreted varied with the chemical form (unaltered drug or its main metabolite) in the three cases. No statistically significant correlation was found between urine pH and the elimination half‐life (p < 0.50).
A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and afla... more A study was carried out to evaluate the association of levels of radioactivity, selenium and aflatoxin in shelled Brazil nuts, which were classified in different sizes, for export. The selenium determinations were performed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (LOQ = 3.0 µg g-1), and aflatoxins were detected by Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LOQ = 0.85 µg kg-1), recovery rates were between 92 and 100%. Radioactivity was measured by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. The selenium mean concentration was (22.7 ± 7.4) µg g-1. (n = 30). Mean activities determined for the following radium isotopes were: 15.77 Bq kg-1 for 224Ra, 104.8 Bq kg-1 for 226Ra and 99.48 Bq kg-1 for 228Ra. For 226Ra, the levels did not vary significantly with nut sizes, although such differences were observed for 224Ra and 228Ra. There was no statistically significant association between the level of selenium and the activity of radionuclides, however, there was correlation between...
Los programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) son la modalidad de tratamiento mas ampliamente... more Los programas de Mantenimiento con Metadona (PMM) son la modalidad de tratamiento mas ampliamente utilizada para la dependencia de opiaceos en la mayoria de los paises. En Espana mas de 55 mil pacientes se encuentran inscritos en estos programas, cuya efectividad se fundamenta en el mantenimiento de niveles plasmaticos de metadona capaces de frenar los sintomas de abstinencia y permitir a los pacientes retomar un estilo de vida mas sano. No existe un rango terapeutico con limites definidos para la metadona y el establecimiento de las dosis idoneas se debe realizar de forma individualizada, orientado por la monitorizacion terapeutica. Sin embargo, los pacientes rechazan esta practica en los programas, debido a que la recogida de sangre les suele ser dolorosa por el mal estado en que se encuentran sus venas, como consecuencia del consumo de drogas por via parenteral. En esta memoria se presentan los resultados de la comparacion entre la microextraccion en fase solida (SPME) frente a l...
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