The possible changes in semen quality were studied in men living in a boron mining area. The subj... more The possible changes in semen quality were studied in men living in a boron mining area. The subjects in the boron group had exposure to boron at an average level of 6.5 mg/day, as determined by urinary analysis. The results obtained by the boron group were compared to those obtained for the control group whose subjects were living in the same geographical area but away from the boron region; average exposure level was 1.4 mg/day for this group. The semen samples were analyzed according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Boron levels were established in the water samples obtained from various locations in the study region. In the boron mining fields where the subjects in the boron group live, water samples contained boron in the range of 1.4–6.5 mg/L, while the values were <0.01 mg/L for the water samples obtained from the region where the subjects of the control group reside. No negative effects were found in the sperm samples obtained from the subjects of the boron group.
Circumcision remains the most common operation performed on males. Although, not technically diff... more Circumcision remains the most common operation performed on males. Although, not technically difficult, it is accompanied by a rate of morbidity and can result in complications ranging from trivial to tragic. The reported incidence of complications varies from 0.1% to 35% the most common being infection, bleeding and failure to remove the appropriate amount of foreskin. Forty patients suffering from different degrees of circumcision complications and their treatment are presented. In all patients satisfactory functional and cosmetic results were achieved. Whether it is done for ritualistic, religious or medical reasons circumcision should be performed by a fully trained surgeon using a proper technique as follows 1) adequate use of antiseptic agents; 2) complete separation of inner preputial epithelium from the glans; 3) marking the skin to be removed at the beginning of operation; 4) careful attention to the baby’s voiding within the first 6 to 8 h after circumcision; 5) removal or replacement of the dressings on the day following circumcision.
Background To describe a new method of quantifying the amount of plaque-like hard exudates after ... more Background To describe a new method of quantifying the amount of plaque-like hard exudates after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in diabetic macular edema. Methods This study included 22 eyes of 14 patients (mean age, 63 years) with chronic diabetic macular edema and plaque-like hard exudates. The patients were injected with a single dose of 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. The optic disc size as relative size unit was taken to quantify the hard exudates: Total areas of exudates and the optic nerve head were computed from fundus pictures with a digital analysis program on magnified images. The former was divided by the latter, and the results were expressed as a percentage value. The ratio was used to track improvements in a given eye over 6 months. Results Average ratio of hard exudates to optic nerve head area reduced to 81% of its initial value at 1 month (P = 0.007), to 54% at 3 months (P < 0.001) and to 41% at 6 months (P < 0.001). Conclusions The new method allowed detection of a significant reduction of ratio of hard exudates to optic disc area of diabetic plaque-like hard exudates following 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone.
We investigated the possible relationship between boron exposure and prostate cancer (PCa) for me... more We investigated the possible relationship between boron exposure and prostate cancer (PCa) for men living and being employed at boron mines in villages with rich boron minerals. Out of 456 men studied, 159 were from villages with rich boron sources and boron levels in drinking water of >1 mg L−1 and these men formed the study group, while 63 from villages with rich boron sources and boron levels in drinking water of <1 mg L−1 were enrolled into control group 1. A further 234 subjects from other villages with no boron mines were considered as control group 2. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels could be obtained from a total of 423 men. Urinary boron concentration as an indicator of boron exposure in 63 subjects, prostatic volumes by transrectal ultrasonography in 39 subjects, and prostatic biopsies in 36 subjects were obtained for study and control groups. The daily boron exposure was calculated according to urinary boron levels. Although there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of total PSA levels, the number of subjects with tPSA ≥2.5 and tPSA ≥10.0 ng dL−1 prostatic volumes in men whose prostates were biopsied (p < 0.012) was significantly lower in the study group as compared with those in the control group 2. These results suggested that high exposure to boron might have an implication within the prostatic cellular processes related to hyperplasia and carcinogenesis, even though we did not find a statistically significant association between PCa and boron exposure.
Purpose To assess ocular hemodynamic response to intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with macu... more Purpose To assess ocular hemodynamic response to intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with macular edema due to diabetes or retinal vein occlusion. Methods Forty-three patients that were injected by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (0.1 cc 4 mg) for unilateral macular edema due to diabetes mellitus (n = 17) and occlusion of retinal vein (n = 26) underwent ocular hemodynamic evaluation by color Doppler imaging (CDI) before and one, two and three months after injection. Non-injected fellow eyes as well as 16 healthy volunteers were also evaluated. Results In patients with diabetic macular edema, there was no hemodynamic difference between eyes to be injected and non-injected at baseline (P > 0.23). Compared to controls, a significant difference existed in the ophthalmic artery resistant index (P = 0.001) and end-diastolic velocity (P < 0.001) in diabetics. At one month, compared to fellow eyes, change in end diastolic velocity from baseline in treated eyes was significantly decreased in posterior ciliary arteries (0.68 ± 0.34 cm/s [mean ± SEM] vs. −1.04 ± 0.81 cm/s, P = 0.012). Throughout the study period, no significant alteration from baseline in the resistant index of any artery was noted in treated diabetic eyes (P > 0.05). In eyes with retinal vein occlusion, baseline CDI evaluation demonstrated reduced posterior ciliary arteries systolic flow velocity compared to fellow and control eyes (13.24 ± 1.04 cm/s, 16.37 ± 0.76 cm/s and 14.33 ± 1.41 cm/s, respectively, P = 0.007). Increased peak systolic velocity in the posterior ciliary arteries at one week (P = 0.02), one month (P = 0.005) and two months (P = 0.04), and increase in central retinal artery resistant index at one month was noted (P = 0.05). Conclusion Intravitreal triamcinolone temporarily changed central retinal artery blood flow and posterior ciliary arteries' peak systolic blood velocity in eyes with retinal vein occlusion whilst no response of blood flow to triamcinolone injection but only transiently altered end diastolic blood velocity in posterior ciliary arteries was observed in diabetic eyes.
A microcontroller based rotating magnetic stirring system has been developed in this study. A mat... more A microcontroller based rotating magnetic stirring system has been developed in this study. A mathematical model is proposed to get electromagnetic field solutions. The magnetic stirring system consists of four-phase half-wound coils with phase currents of lambda/2 radian phase difference to achieve a rotating magnetic field. During the application, the liquid to be stirred is placed on the stirrer in
Selenium concentrations, in blood plasma, red blood cells hair of 61 healthy children, ages 0–14 ... more Selenium concentrations, in blood plasma, red blood cells hair of 61 healthy children, ages 0–14 yr, were determined using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Starting from late lactation period, selenium concentrations in all these matrices were found to be increasing with age. A good correlation was found between erythrocyte and plasma, hair and plasma, and hair and erythrocyte selenium concentrations. Although plasma, erythrocyte, and hair selenium concentrations of girls seemed to be higher than that of boys (only in erythrocytes), selenium concentrations of girls were found to be significantly (p<0.002) higher than that of boys, 71±9 ng/mL, vs 65±10 ng/mL, respectively. Selenium status of Turkish children is found to be lower than that found in the literature; marginal selenium deficiency could be important in the development of some selenium deficiency could be important in the development of some selenium deficiency related diseases. There is a need for extension of this study to healthy children from different regions in Turkey and to different disease states.
Although hip ultrasonography is gaining acceptance as the most effective method for the early dia... more Although hip ultrasonography is gaining acceptance as the most effective method for the early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip, there is still some controversy regarding the use of ultrasonography as a screening method. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively the capacity of clinical examination findings and associated risk factors to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip defined ultrasonographically in infants. A total of 3,541 infants underwent clinical examination and hip ultrasonography. Measured against ultrasonography as a standard, the sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination were 97% and 13.68%, respectively. Graf type IIb or more severe developmental dysplasia was found in 167 infants (208 hips), at an overall frequency of 4.71%. Graf type IIa physiological immaturity was encountered in 838 hips, and of these, 15 hips (1.78%) developed Graf type IIb dysplasia and underwent treatment. Patient characteristics that were found to be significant risk factors were swaddling use, female gender, breech delivery and positive family history. Given its low specificity, our findings suggest that clinical examination does not reliably detect ultrasonographically defined developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants being screened for this disease. Si l’échographie est une méthode efficace pour le diagnostic précoce des dysplasie ou des luxations de hanches, son utilisation comme méthode de dépistage est controversée. Le propos de cette étude est de réaliser une étude prospective de cet examen à partir de patients présentant des facteurs de risques et d’un examen clinique (3,541 enfants). La sensibilité et la spécificité de l’examen clinique a été respectivement de 97% et 13.68%. Cent soixante-sept enfants (208 hanches) présentaient soit un type IIb de Graf ou une atteinte plus sévère soit 4.71%. Une hanche immature avec un type IIa de Graf a été présente dans 838 hanches, 15 d’entre-elles (1.78%) évoluant vers le type IIb et nécessitant un traitement. Les facteurs de risques utilisés ont été les suivants : sexe féminin, antécédent, siège. Du fait de cette spécificité basse de l’examen, nous pensons que l’examen clinique ne permet pas de mettre en évidence de façon certaine les stades de dysphonies détectés à l’échographie de la hanche chez les enfants ainsi dépistés.
This study examined the outcomes of ultrasound-monitored Pavlik harness treatment in 25 infants (... more This study examined the outcomes of ultrasound-monitored Pavlik harness treatment in 25 infants (2 boys and 23 girls) representing a total of 31 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip of Graf type IIc or more severe. For all infants, Pavlik harness treatment started after ultrasonographic diagnosis in our clinic. If there was no improvement by the third week of follow-up, the harness treatment was discontinued. Of the 25 patients (31 hips), 16 patients (18 hips) were successfully treated with the Pavlik harness. The effects of age at start of treatment, gender, side of pathology, first clinical evaluation findings, bilaterality, and Graf type on Pavlik harness treatment success were analysed. We found that the outcome of treatment with the Pavlik harness was related to Graf type, age at start of treatment, and bilaterality. Etude du traitement par harnais de Pavlik, avec contrôle par ultra-sons, de 31 dysplasies de hanche de type IIc ou plus selon Graf, chez 25 enfants (2 garçons et 23 filles). Dans tous les cas le traitement a débuté après un diagnostic ultrasonographique. En cas d’absence d’amélioration à la troisième semaine le traitement était arrêté. Sur les 25 patients, 16 (18 hanches) avaient un succés. Le rôle de l’âge au traitement, du sexe, du côté, de la première évaluation clinique, de la bilatéralité et du type selon Graf étaient étudiés. Nous avons constaté que l’efficacité du traitement par harnais de Pavlik dépend du type selon Graf, de l’âge au début du traitement et de la bilatéralité.
Ultrasonography has become accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of develo... more Ultrasonography has become accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which ultrasonographic measurements of femoral head coverage correspond to the categories of hip maturity defined by Graf’s angle α. The infants in this study (1,037 infants, 2,034 hips) were examined as part of an ultrasound screening program for detecting DDH. We found that femoral head coverage is positively correlated with α angle, and we also found upper and lower threshold values of femoral head coverage (51% and 39%), such that all hips having these values or beyond had mature or pathological development, respectively. For the detection of hips having mature development, this provided a specificity of 100% (by definition) and a sensitivity of 82.6%. For hips having pathological development, specificity was 100% and sensitivity was 79.2%. L’échographie est une méthode permettant l’analyse et le dépistage des dysplasies de hanches (DDH). Le propos de cette étude est d’analyser la couverture de la tête fémorale, de déterminer si cette couverture permet de définir différentes catégories de maturité des hanches selon l’angle a de Graf. 1037 enfants (2034 hanches) ont été examinés par échographie dans un programme de dépistage de la luxation de hanche (DDH). Nous avons trouvé que la couverture de la tête fémorale était corrélée avec l’angle a de Graf. Nous avons pu déterminer des valeurs repères hautes et basses de couverture de la tête (51% et 39%), de telle sorte que les hanches qui sont soit dans ses valeurs soit en dehors de ces valeurs, ont un développement mature ou pathologique. La spécificité de ce dépistage est de 100% et la sensitivité de 82,6%. Pour les hanches pathologiques la spécificité est de 100% et la sensitivité de 79,2%.
The possible changes in semen quality were studied in men living in a boron mining area. The subj... more The possible changes in semen quality were studied in men living in a boron mining area. The subjects in the boron group had exposure to boron at an average level of 6.5 mg/day, as determined by urinary analysis. The results obtained by the boron group were compared to those obtained for the control group whose subjects were living in the same geographical area but away from the boron region; average exposure level was 1.4 mg/day for this group. The semen samples were analyzed according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Boron levels were established in the water samples obtained from various locations in the study region. In the boron mining fields where the subjects in the boron group live, water samples contained boron in the range of 1.4–6.5 mg/L, while the values were <0.01 mg/L for the water samples obtained from the region where the subjects of the control group reside. No negative effects were found in the sperm samples obtained from the subjects of the boron group.
Circumcision remains the most common operation performed on males. Although, not technically diff... more Circumcision remains the most common operation performed on males. Although, not technically difficult, it is accompanied by a rate of morbidity and can result in complications ranging from trivial to tragic. The reported incidence of complications varies from 0.1% to 35% the most common being infection, bleeding and failure to remove the appropriate amount of foreskin. Forty patients suffering from different degrees of circumcision complications and their treatment are presented. In all patients satisfactory functional and cosmetic results were achieved. Whether it is done for ritualistic, religious or medical reasons circumcision should be performed by a fully trained surgeon using a proper technique as follows 1) adequate use of antiseptic agents; 2) complete separation of inner preputial epithelium from the glans; 3) marking the skin to be removed at the beginning of operation; 4) careful attention to the baby’s voiding within the first 6 to 8 h after circumcision; 5) removal or replacement of the dressings on the day following circumcision.
Background To describe a new method of quantifying the amount of plaque-like hard exudates after ... more Background To describe a new method of quantifying the amount of plaque-like hard exudates after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection in diabetic macular edema. Methods This study included 22 eyes of 14 patients (mean age, 63 years) with chronic diabetic macular edema and plaque-like hard exudates. The patients were injected with a single dose of 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide. The optic disc size as relative size unit was taken to quantify the hard exudates: Total areas of exudates and the optic nerve head were computed from fundus pictures with a digital analysis program on magnified images. The former was divided by the latter, and the results were expressed as a percentage value. The ratio was used to track improvements in a given eye over 6 months. Results Average ratio of hard exudates to optic nerve head area reduced to 81% of its initial value at 1 month (P = 0.007), to 54% at 3 months (P < 0.001) and to 41% at 6 months (P < 0.001). Conclusions The new method allowed detection of a significant reduction of ratio of hard exudates to optic disc area of diabetic plaque-like hard exudates following 4 mg intravitreal triamcinolone.
We investigated the possible relationship between boron exposure and prostate cancer (PCa) for me... more We investigated the possible relationship between boron exposure and prostate cancer (PCa) for men living and being employed at boron mines in villages with rich boron minerals. Out of 456 men studied, 159 were from villages with rich boron sources and boron levels in drinking water of >1 mg L−1 and these men formed the study group, while 63 from villages with rich boron sources and boron levels in drinking water of <1 mg L−1 were enrolled into control group 1. A further 234 subjects from other villages with no boron mines were considered as control group 2. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels could be obtained from a total of 423 men. Urinary boron concentration as an indicator of boron exposure in 63 subjects, prostatic volumes by transrectal ultrasonography in 39 subjects, and prostatic biopsies in 36 subjects were obtained for study and control groups. The daily boron exposure was calculated according to urinary boron levels. Although there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of total PSA levels, the number of subjects with tPSA ≥2.5 and tPSA ≥10.0 ng dL−1 prostatic volumes in men whose prostates were biopsied (p < 0.012) was significantly lower in the study group as compared with those in the control group 2. These results suggested that high exposure to boron might have an implication within the prostatic cellular processes related to hyperplasia and carcinogenesis, even though we did not find a statistically significant association between PCa and boron exposure.
Purpose To assess ocular hemodynamic response to intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with macu... more Purpose To assess ocular hemodynamic response to intravitreal triamcinolone in patients with macular edema due to diabetes or retinal vein occlusion. Methods Forty-three patients that were injected by intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (0.1 cc 4 mg) for unilateral macular edema due to diabetes mellitus (n = 17) and occlusion of retinal vein (n = 26) underwent ocular hemodynamic evaluation by color Doppler imaging (CDI) before and one, two and three months after injection. Non-injected fellow eyes as well as 16 healthy volunteers were also evaluated. Results In patients with diabetic macular edema, there was no hemodynamic difference between eyes to be injected and non-injected at baseline (P > 0.23). Compared to controls, a significant difference existed in the ophthalmic artery resistant index (P = 0.001) and end-diastolic velocity (P < 0.001) in diabetics. At one month, compared to fellow eyes, change in end diastolic velocity from baseline in treated eyes was significantly decreased in posterior ciliary arteries (0.68 ± 0.34 cm/s [mean ± SEM] vs. −1.04 ± 0.81 cm/s, P = 0.012). Throughout the study period, no significant alteration from baseline in the resistant index of any artery was noted in treated diabetic eyes (P > 0.05). In eyes with retinal vein occlusion, baseline CDI evaluation demonstrated reduced posterior ciliary arteries systolic flow velocity compared to fellow and control eyes (13.24 ± 1.04 cm/s, 16.37 ± 0.76 cm/s and 14.33 ± 1.41 cm/s, respectively, P = 0.007). Increased peak systolic velocity in the posterior ciliary arteries at one week (P = 0.02), one month (P = 0.005) and two months (P = 0.04), and increase in central retinal artery resistant index at one month was noted (P = 0.05). Conclusion Intravitreal triamcinolone temporarily changed central retinal artery blood flow and posterior ciliary arteries' peak systolic blood velocity in eyes with retinal vein occlusion whilst no response of blood flow to triamcinolone injection but only transiently altered end diastolic blood velocity in posterior ciliary arteries was observed in diabetic eyes.
A microcontroller based rotating magnetic stirring system has been developed in this study. A mat... more A microcontroller based rotating magnetic stirring system has been developed in this study. A mathematical model is proposed to get electromagnetic field solutions. The magnetic stirring system consists of four-phase half-wound coils with phase currents of lambda/2 radian phase difference to achieve a rotating magnetic field. During the application, the liquid to be stirred is placed on the stirrer in
Selenium concentrations, in blood plasma, red blood cells hair of 61 healthy children, ages 0–14 ... more Selenium concentrations, in blood plasma, red blood cells hair of 61 healthy children, ages 0–14 yr, were determined using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. Starting from late lactation period, selenium concentrations in all these matrices were found to be increasing with age. A good correlation was found between erythrocyte and plasma, hair and plasma, and hair and erythrocyte selenium concentrations. Although plasma, erythrocyte, and hair selenium concentrations of girls seemed to be higher than that of boys (only in erythrocytes), selenium concentrations of girls were found to be significantly (p<0.002) higher than that of boys, 71±9 ng/mL, vs 65±10 ng/mL, respectively. Selenium status of Turkish children is found to be lower than that found in the literature; marginal selenium deficiency could be important in the development of some selenium deficiency could be important in the development of some selenium deficiency related diseases. There is a need for extension of this study to healthy children from different regions in Turkey and to different disease states.
Although hip ultrasonography is gaining acceptance as the most effective method for the early dia... more Although hip ultrasonography is gaining acceptance as the most effective method for the early diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip, there is still some controversy regarding the use of ultrasonography as a screening method. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively the capacity of clinical examination findings and associated risk factors to detect developmental dysplasia of the hip defined ultrasonographically in infants. A total of 3,541 infants underwent clinical examination and hip ultrasonography. Measured against ultrasonography as a standard, the sensitivity and specificity of clinical examination were 97% and 13.68%, respectively. Graf type IIb or more severe developmental dysplasia was found in 167 infants (208 hips), at an overall frequency of 4.71%. Graf type IIa physiological immaturity was encountered in 838 hips, and of these, 15 hips (1.78%) developed Graf type IIb dysplasia and underwent treatment. Patient characteristics that were found to be significant risk factors were swaddling use, female gender, breech delivery and positive family history. Given its low specificity, our findings suggest that clinical examination does not reliably detect ultrasonographically defined developmental dysplasia of the hip in infants being screened for this disease. Si l’échographie est une méthode efficace pour le diagnostic précoce des dysplasie ou des luxations de hanches, son utilisation comme méthode de dépistage est controversée. Le propos de cette étude est de réaliser une étude prospective de cet examen à partir de patients présentant des facteurs de risques et d’un examen clinique (3,541 enfants). La sensibilité et la spécificité de l’examen clinique a été respectivement de 97% et 13.68%. Cent soixante-sept enfants (208 hanches) présentaient soit un type IIb de Graf ou une atteinte plus sévère soit 4.71%. Une hanche immature avec un type IIa de Graf a été présente dans 838 hanches, 15 d’entre-elles (1.78%) évoluant vers le type IIb et nécessitant un traitement. Les facteurs de risques utilisés ont été les suivants : sexe féminin, antécédent, siège. Du fait de cette spécificité basse de l’examen, nous pensons que l’examen clinique ne permet pas de mettre en évidence de façon certaine les stades de dysphonies détectés à l’échographie de la hanche chez les enfants ainsi dépistés.
This study examined the outcomes of ultrasound-monitored Pavlik harness treatment in 25 infants (... more This study examined the outcomes of ultrasound-monitored Pavlik harness treatment in 25 infants (2 boys and 23 girls) representing a total of 31 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip of Graf type IIc or more severe. For all infants, Pavlik harness treatment started after ultrasonographic diagnosis in our clinic. If there was no improvement by the third week of follow-up, the harness treatment was discontinued. Of the 25 patients (31 hips), 16 patients (18 hips) were successfully treated with the Pavlik harness. The effects of age at start of treatment, gender, side of pathology, first clinical evaluation findings, bilaterality, and Graf type on Pavlik harness treatment success were analysed. We found that the outcome of treatment with the Pavlik harness was related to Graf type, age at start of treatment, and bilaterality. Etude du traitement par harnais de Pavlik, avec contrôle par ultra-sons, de 31 dysplasies de hanche de type IIc ou plus selon Graf, chez 25 enfants (2 garçons et 23 filles). Dans tous les cas le traitement a débuté après un diagnostic ultrasonographique. En cas d’absence d’amélioration à la troisième semaine le traitement était arrêté. Sur les 25 patients, 16 (18 hanches) avaient un succés. Le rôle de l’âge au traitement, du sexe, du côté, de la première évaluation clinique, de la bilatéralité et du type selon Graf étaient étudiés. Nous avons constaté que l’efficacité du traitement par harnais de Pavlik dépend du type selon Graf, de l’âge au début du traitement et de la bilatéralité.
Ultrasonography has become accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of develo... more Ultrasonography has become accepted as a useful imaging modality in the early detection of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which ultrasonographic measurements of femoral head coverage correspond to the categories of hip maturity defined by Graf’s angle α. The infants in this study (1,037 infants, 2,034 hips) were examined as part of an ultrasound screening program for detecting DDH. We found that femoral head coverage is positively correlated with α angle, and we also found upper and lower threshold values of femoral head coverage (51% and 39%), such that all hips having these values or beyond had mature or pathological development, respectively. For the detection of hips having mature development, this provided a specificity of 100% (by definition) and a sensitivity of 82.6%. For hips having pathological development, specificity was 100% and sensitivity was 79.2%. L’échographie est une méthode permettant l’analyse et le dépistage des dysplasies de hanches (DDH). Le propos de cette étude est d’analyser la couverture de la tête fémorale, de déterminer si cette couverture permet de définir différentes catégories de maturité des hanches selon l’angle a de Graf. 1037 enfants (2034 hanches) ont été examinés par échographie dans un programme de dépistage de la luxation de hanche (DDH). Nous avons trouvé que la couverture de la tête fémorale était corrélée avec l’angle a de Graf. Nous avons pu déterminer des valeurs repères hautes et basses de couverture de la tête (51% et 39%), de telle sorte que les hanches qui sont soit dans ses valeurs soit en dehors de ces valeurs, ont un développement mature ou pathologique. La spécificité de ce dépistage est de 100% et la sensitivité de 82,6%. Pour les hanches pathologiques la spécificité est de 100% et la sensitivité de 79,2%.
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