Land degradation, climate change, poverty, and inappropriate land management pose significant cha... more Land degradation, climate change, poverty, and inappropriate land management pose significant challenges to food security and rural development in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of household characteristics and sustainable land management practices on crop productivity in the Dhaka Bora watershed. By understanding how different factors influence the adoption of improved technologies and the effect of sustainable land management practices on crop productivity, it aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for policy makers and practitioners. These recommendations can promote appropriate technology interventions that enhance crop productivity within the watershed. To achieve this, we collected both quantitative and qualitative data from sampled households representing the watershed area using multistage random sampling approach. Data analysis employed descriptive and econometric statistical methods, shedding light on the study's nature and objectives. Specifically, multiple linear regression approach is utilized to identify the drivers of crop yields. This analysis considered socioeconomic factors, farmers' perceptions, and sustainable land management (SLM) variables. The study findings revealed that most households had limited formal education, leading to low crop productivity and increased food insecurity. Several factors positively and significantly influenced crop productivity. These included household characteristics such as farming experience, farmland size, fertilizer use, and the implementation of SLM practices like bunds, cutoff drains, and gully rehabilitation. These correlated variables play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield and food security in the watershed. In summary, the study recommends policy implications and intervention strategies to improve crop productivity and address food security challenges. By emphasizing these positively and significantly correlated factors, we can foster sustainable agricultural practices and livelihoods in the Dhaka Bora watershed.
Land cover refers to the physical and biological cover over the surface of the land and it is a t... more Land cover refers to the physical and biological cover over the surface of the land and it is a term used for the human modification of the earth terrestrial surface. In Ethiopia studies on land use land cover pattern and its effect was done at watershed and catchment level only. There is argument on land use land cover pattern in Ethiopia. Some researchers reported vegetation coverage was improved due to afforestation and plantation programme, while many others came up with the result of vegetation coverage was reduced in expense of agricultural land and settlement/build up area expansion. Surface runoff and evapotranspiration were affected by reduction of vegetation coverage which affects catchment hydrological cycle (increase wet river flow and decrease dry river flow).Land use land cover dynamics was reported both as causal and effect, and deforestation was the main cause of climate change in Ethiopia and also vegetation cover removal was stated as the major cause of land degrad...
This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect... more This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect on species diversity and selected soil properties. Field observation was carried out to identify existing land-use practices following a transect line. A total of 20 plots (10 × 10) m2 were sampled from plots exhibiting different land-use practices found in the watershed in order to evaluate species richness and diversity. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in species diversity and richness among different land-use practices. Coffea arabica was dominant in homestead gardens and natural forests while Grevillea robusta showed had maximum richness in plantations and farm forests in the Watershed. Furthermore, home garden agroforestry practice was significantly (p<0.05) affected soil pH compared to other land-use syst...
The soil erosion factor, erodibility, measures the susceptibility of soil particles to transport ... more The soil erosion factor, erodibility, measures the susceptibility of soil particles to transport and detachment by erosive agents. Soil erosion and sedimentation models use soil properties and erodibility as the main input. However, in developing countries such as Ethiopia, data on soil erosion and soil-related properties are limited. For this reason, different researchers use different data sources that are adopted from a large scale and come with very different results. For this reason, the study was proposed to analyze and map the soil erodibility of the catchment area using primary data. 80 mixed soil samples were taken from the catchment with GPS coordinates and analyzed in the laboratory for soil texture class and soil organic matter. Accordingly, sandy clay loam is a dominant soil texture class covering 65% of the catchment area with 2.46% average soil organic matter, which is high in the mountainous part and lower in the lower valley of the catchment area. Most of the catchm...
Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio- political and ecological entity whi... more Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio- political and ecological entity which plays crucial role in determining food, social, and economical security and provides life support services to rural people and its management through integrated participatory approach is useful strategies for reducing poverty, improving livelihood resilience and sustainability. Integrated and sustainable watershed management is an effective way to address complex water and land resource challenges and its implementation has not been successful in most countries including Ethiopia. Also there is no enough understanding on integrated watershed management in most parts of the country including South-Western part of Ethiopia. This paper mainly aimed to assess the suitability, acceptability and impact of participatory integrated watershed management at Somodo experimental watershed. Primary data was obtained through semi-structured questionnaires and group discussion with experimental grou...
Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, cli... more Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and their interactions. Due to different factors, it is difficult to make watershed management successful in all areas at one time. Because of this, prioritization of sub watershed is very important for soil conservation planning and implementation. In Somodo watershed more than five years different soil and water conservation technologies were implemented and satisfactory result was not recorded. In this aspect, it is important to consider further watershed management planning., This study therefore investigated soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and USLE model for soil and water conservation in Somodo watershed southwestern Ethiopia with the aim of estimating soil erosion rate and identify soil erosion hot pot areas through prioritization of sub watershed in Somodo watershed by the help of GIS based USLE model. Both primary and secondary data sources wer...
This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect... more This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect on species diversity and selected soil properties. Field observation was carried out to identify existing land-use practices following a transect line. A total of 20 plots (10 × 10) m 2 were sampled from plots exhibiting different land-use practices found in the watershed in order to evaluate species richness and diversity. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in species diversity and richness among different land-use practices. Coffea arabica was dominant in homestead gardens and natural forests while Grevillea robusta showed had maximum richness in plantations and farm forests in the Watershed. Furthermore, home garden agroforestry practice was significantly (p<0.05) affected soil pH compared to other land-use systems (cultivated land, natural forest, and plantation forest. While Organic carbon (OC), Total nitrogen (TN), and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C: N) did not show significance difference among land-use systems in the watershed. The study has concluded that different land-use practices had a positive impact on sustaining species diversity, richness, and improve soil properties. Therefore, the study suggests that improving and expanding home garden agroforestry practices in the area are indispensable for environmental protection and soil fertility enhancement.
Effect of intra-and inter-row spacing on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize was in... more Effect of intra-and inter-row spacing on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize was investigated at Mettu, South Western Ethiopia in 2016, to determine the optimum inter-and intra-row spacing of hybrid maize for maximum yield and yield components. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications. Main plot were inter row spacing of 65cm, 75cm and 85cm. Subplot were intra row spacing of 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm. Significant interaction effect of inter-and intra-row spacing was observed for leaf area, but for other traits only the main effect of inter-and intra-row spacing was significant. The highest grain yield (9609.2 and 9618.9kg ha −1) was obtained at 15cm intra row spacing and 65cm inter row spacing respectively, while the lowest (8618.5 and 8808.2 kg ha −1) grain yield was obtained from 30cm intra row spacing and 85cm inter row spacings respectively. In conclusion and recommendation, since this experimental data was one season and location data, the comprehensive recommendation could be drawn by investigating data of more locations over years for this hybrid maize.
Abstract
The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generaliz... more Abstract The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generalized use of empirical approaches to select and apply soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. The design of SWC structures considers the extent of erosion, cause of erosion and suitability of land. The study was carried out in three selected districts (Sekoru, Gomma, and Manna) of the Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia, with the objective of evaluating technical standards of implemented soil and water conservation technologies. A total of 270 household heads were selected for the study using, 90 households from each district. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire; focus group discussion and measurements of implemented structures. In addition, secondary data were used and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 16 and rational formulas for SWC design. The result of this study revealed SWC embankment and channel dimensions implemented didn’t follow the standards given. These dimensions were found less than the standard given while greater than the standard in some areas. Percentage of area lost per hectare due to the structure also depends on the structure dimensions. Live fence, bund stabilization grasses and shrubs were common biological measures in the area. Sekoru and Mana districts perform well by structural maintenance than Gomma district. Lack of training, extension service, lack of farm tools and skilled manpower are the major problems during SCW structures implementation. Therefore, the study suggests training and continuous follow up during and after implementation should be given by government and non-governmental organization.
Abstract
This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE... more Abstract This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE model and prioritize sub-watersheds for soil conservation planning. Both primary and secondary data from different sources were used in this study. The amount of soil loss from the catchment is estimated with GIS-based RUSLE model which uses the rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic effect, soil/surface coverage and land management practice of the catchment as an input. The result of the study shows the mean annual soil loss of the catchment is 62.98 t ha-1year-1 which is about 26.56x106 ton year-1. Erosion ‘hotspot’ areas are identified and prioritized on the bases of soil loss. Accordingly, SW4, SW3, SW5, SW6, SW9, SW8, SW7, SW2, and SW1 got 1 to 9 priority level respectively. 35.2% of the catchment area is covered by soil loss class ranging 0-5 t ha-1year-1 and about 56 % of the catchment have soil loss greater than a tolerable level which is 11 t ha-1year-1. The result of this study indicates the catchment and reservoir were under a problem of soil loss and siltation. Therefore, this study recommends immediate action, soil and water conservation measures, should be taken in the catchment according to the priority of sub-watershed and, also a detailed study is appreciated, especially on experimental test plots.
Land degradation, climate change, poverty, and inappropriate land management pose significant cha... more Land degradation, climate change, poverty, and inappropriate land management pose significant challenges to food security and rural development in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of household characteristics and sustainable land management practices on crop productivity in the Dhaka Bora watershed. By understanding how different factors influence the adoption of improved technologies and the effect of sustainable land management practices on crop productivity, it aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for policy makers and practitioners. These recommendations can promote appropriate technology interventions that enhance crop productivity within the watershed. To achieve this, we collected both quantitative and qualitative data from sampled households representing the watershed area using multistage random sampling approach. Data analysis employed descriptive and econometric statistical methods, shedding light on the study's nature and objectives. Specifically, multiple linear regression approach is utilized to identify the drivers of crop yields. This analysis considered socioeconomic factors, farmers' perceptions, and sustainable land management (SLM) variables. The study findings revealed that most households had limited formal education, leading to low crop productivity and increased food insecurity. Several factors positively and significantly influenced crop productivity. These included household characteristics such as farming experience, farmland size, fertilizer use, and the implementation of SLM practices like bunds, cutoff drains, and gully rehabilitation. These correlated variables play a crucial role in enhancing crop yield and food security in the watershed. In summary, the study recommends policy implications and intervention strategies to improve crop productivity and address food security challenges. By emphasizing these positively and significantly correlated factors, we can foster sustainable agricultural practices and livelihoods in the Dhaka Bora watershed.
Land cover refers to the physical and biological cover over the surface of the land and it is a t... more Land cover refers to the physical and biological cover over the surface of the land and it is a term used for the human modification of the earth terrestrial surface. In Ethiopia studies on land use land cover pattern and its effect was done at watershed and catchment level only. There is argument on land use land cover pattern in Ethiopia. Some researchers reported vegetation coverage was improved due to afforestation and plantation programme, while many others came up with the result of vegetation coverage was reduced in expense of agricultural land and settlement/build up area expansion. Surface runoff and evapotranspiration were affected by reduction of vegetation coverage which affects catchment hydrological cycle (increase wet river flow and decrease dry river flow).Land use land cover dynamics was reported both as causal and effect, and deforestation was the main cause of climate change in Ethiopia and also vegetation cover removal was stated as the major cause of land degrad...
This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect... more This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect on species diversity and selected soil properties. Field observation was carried out to identify existing land-use practices following a transect line. A total of 20 plots (10 × 10) m2 were sampled from plots exhibiting different land-use practices found in the watershed in order to evaluate species richness and diversity. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in species diversity and richness among different land-use practices. Coffea arabica was dominant in homestead gardens and natural forests while Grevillea robusta showed had maximum richness in plantations and farm forests in the Watershed. Furthermore, home garden agroforestry practice was significantly (p<0.05) affected soil pH compared to other land-use syst...
The soil erosion factor, erodibility, measures the susceptibility of soil particles to transport ... more The soil erosion factor, erodibility, measures the susceptibility of soil particles to transport and detachment by erosive agents. Soil erosion and sedimentation models use soil properties and erodibility as the main input. However, in developing countries such as Ethiopia, data on soil erosion and soil-related properties are limited. For this reason, different researchers use different data sources that are adopted from a large scale and come with very different results. For this reason, the study was proposed to analyze and map the soil erodibility of the catchment area using primary data. 80 mixed soil samples were taken from the catchment with GPS coordinates and analyzed in the laboratory for soil texture class and soil organic matter. Accordingly, sandy clay loam is a dominant soil texture class covering 65% of the catchment area with 2.46% average soil organic matter, which is high in the mountainous part and lower in the lower valley of the catchment area. Most of the catchm...
Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio- political and ecological entity whi... more Watershed is not simply the hydrological unit but also socio- political and ecological entity which plays crucial role in determining food, social, and economical security and provides life support services to rural people and its management through integrated participatory approach is useful strategies for reducing poverty, improving livelihood resilience and sustainability. Integrated and sustainable watershed management is an effective way to address complex water and land resource challenges and its implementation has not been successful in most countries including Ethiopia. Also there is no enough understanding on integrated watershed management in most parts of the country including South-Western part of Ethiopia. This paper mainly aimed to assess the suitability, acceptability and impact of participatory integrated watershed management at Somodo experimental watershed. Primary data was obtained through semi-structured questionnaires and group discussion with experimental grou...
Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, cli... more Soil erosion is natural phenomena and is modified by biophysical environment comprising soil, climate, terrain, ground cover and their interactions. Due to different factors, it is difficult to make watershed management successful in all areas at one time. Because of this, prioritization of sub watershed is very important for soil conservation planning and implementation. In Somodo watershed more than five years different soil and water conservation technologies were implemented and satisfactory result was not recorded. In this aspect, it is important to consider further watershed management planning., This study therefore investigated soil erosion risk assessment using GIS and USLE model for soil and water conservation in Somodo watershed southwestern Ethiopia with the aim of estimating soil erosion rate and identify soil erosion hot pot areas through prioritization of sub watershed in Somodo watershed by the help of GIS based USLE model. Both primary and secondary data sources wer...
This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect... more This study was conducted in Somodo Watershed to investigate the land-use practices and its effect on species diversity and selected soil properties. Field observation was carried out to identify existing land-use practices following a transect line. A total of 20 plots (10 × 10) m 2 were sampled from plots exhibiting different land-use practices found in the watershed in order to evaluate species richness and diversity. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. The result of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in species diversity and richness among different land-use practices. Coffea arabica was dominant in homestead gardens and natural forests while Grevillea robusta showed had maximum richness in plantations and farm forests in the Watershed. Furthermore, home garden agroforestry practice was significantly (p<0.05) affected soil pH compared to other land-use systems (cultivated land, natural forest, and plantation forest. While Organic carbon (OC), Total nitrogen (TN), and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C: N) did not show significance difference among land-use systems in the watershed. The study has concluded that different land-use practices had a positive impact on sustaining species diversity, richness, and improve soil properties. Therefore, the study suggests that improving and expanding home garden agroforestry practices in the area are indispensable for environmental protection and soil fertility enhancement.
Effect of intra-and inter-row spacing on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize was in... more Effect of intra-and inter-row spacing on growth, yield components and grain yield of maize was investigated at Mettu, South Western Ethiopia in 2016, to determine the optimum inter-and intra-row spacing of hybrid maize for maximum yield and yield components. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in split plot arrangement with three replications. Main plot were inter row spacing of 65cm, 75cm and 85cm. Subplot were intra row spacing of 15cm, 20cm, 25cm, and 30cm. Significant interaction effect of inter-and intra-row spacing was observed for leaf area, but for other traits only the main effect of inter-and intra-row spacing was significant. The highest grain yield (9609.2 and 9618.9kg ha −1) was obtained at 15cm intra row spacing and 65cm inter row spacing respectively, while the lowest (8618.5 and 8808.2 kg ha −1) grain yield was obtained from 30cm intra row spacing and 85cm inter row spacings respectively. In conclusion and recommendation, since this experimental data was one season and location data, the comprehensive recommendation could be drawn by investigating data of more locations over years for this hybrid maize.
Abstract
The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generaliz... more Abstract The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generalized use of empirical approaches to select and apply soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. The design of SWC structures considers the extent of erosion, cause of erosion and suitability of land. The study was carried out in three selected districts (Sekoru, Gomma, and Manna) of the Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia, with the objective of evaluating technical standards of implemented soil and water conservation technologies. A total of 270 household heads were selected for the study using, 90 households from each district. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire; focus group discussion and measurements of implemented structures. In addition, secondary data were used and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 16 and rational formulas for SWC design. The result of this study revealed SWC embankment and channel dimensions implemented didn’t follow the standards given. These dimensions were found less than the standard given while greater than the standard in some areas. Percentage of area lost per hectare due to the structure also depends on the structure dimensions. Live fence, bund stabilization grasses and shrubs were common biological measures in the area. Sekoru and Mana districts perform well by structural maintenance than Gomma district. Lack of training, extension service, lack of farm tools and skilled manpower are the major problems during SCW structures implementation. Therefore, the study suggests training and continuous follow up during and after implementation should be given by government and non-governmental organization.
Abstract
This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE... more Abstract This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE model and prioritize sub-watersheds for soil conservation planning. Both primary and secondary data from different sources were used in this study. The amount of soil loss from the catchment is estimated with GIS-based RUSLE model which uses the rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic effect, soil/surface coverage and land management practice of the catchment as an input. The result of the study shows the mean annual soil loss of the catchment is 62.98 t ha-1year-1 which is about 26.56x106 ton year-1. Erosion ‘hotspot’ areas are identified and prioritized on the bases of soil loss. Accordingly, SW4, SW3, SW5, SW6, SW9, SW8, SW7, SW2, and SW1 got 1 to 9 priority level respectively. 35.2% of the catchment area is covered by soil loss class ranging 0-5 t ha-1year-1 and about 56 % of the catchment have soil loss greater than a tolerable level which is 11 t ha-1year-1. The result of this study indicates the catchment and reservoir were under a problem of soil loss and siltation. Therefore, this study recommends immediate action, soil and water conservation measures, should be taken in the catchment according to the priority of sub-watershed and, also a detailed study is appreciated, especially on experimental test plots.
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Papers by gizaw tesfaye
The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generalized use of empirical approaches to select and apply soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. The design of SWC structures considers the extent of erosion, cause of erosion and suitability of land. The study was carried out in three selected districts (Sekoru, Gomma, and Manna) of the Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia, with the objective of evaluating technical standards of implemented soil and water conservation technologies. A total of 270 household heads were selected for the study using, 90 households from each district. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire; focus group discussion and measurements of implemented structures. In addition, secondary data were used and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 16 and rational formulas for SWC design. The result of this study revealed SWC embankment and channel dimensions implemented didn’t follow the standards given. These dimensions were found less than the standard given while greater than the standard in some areas. Percentage of area lost per hectare due to the structure also depends on the structure dimensions. Live fence, bund stabilization grasses and shrubs were common biological measures in the area. Sekoru and Mana districts perform well by structural maintenance than Gomma district. Lack of training, extension service, lack of farm tools and skilled manpower are the major problems during SCW structures implementation. Therefore, the study suggests training and continuous follow up during and after implementation should be given by government and non-governmental organization.
This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE model and prioritize sub-watersheds for soil conservation planning. Both primary and secondary data from different sources were used in this study. The amount of soil loss from the catchment is estimated with GIS-based RUSLE model which uses the rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic effect, soil/surface coverage and land management practice of the catchment as an input. The result of the study shows the mean annual soil loss of the catchment is 62.98 t ha-1year-1 which is about 26.56x106 ton year-1. Erosion ‘hotspot’ areas are identified and prioritized on the bases of soil loss. Accordingly, SW4, SW3, SW5, SW6, SW9, SW8, SW7, SW2, and SW1 got 1 to 9 priority level respectively. 35.2% of the catchment area is covered by soil loss class ranging 0-5 t ha-1year-1 and about 56 % of the catchment have soil loss greater than a tolerable level which is 11 t ha-1year-1. The result of this study indicates the catchment and reservoir were under a problem of soil loss and siltation. Therefore, this study recommends immediate action, soil and water conservation measures, should be taken in the catchment according to the priority of sub-watershed and, also a detailed study is appreciated, especially on experimental test plots.
The problems of land degradation is increasing throughout the world due to the generalized use of empirical approaches to select and apply soil and water conservation (SWC) practices. The design of SWC structures considers the extent of erosion, cause of erosion and suitability of land. The study was carried out in three selected districts (Sekoru, Gomma, and Manna) of the Jimma Zone, South Western Ethiopia, with the objective of evaluating technical standards of implemented soil and water conservation technologies. A total of 270 household heads were selected for the study using, 90 households from each district. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire; focus group discussion and measurements of implemented structures. In addition, secondary data were used and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 16 and rational formulas for SWC design. The result of this study revealed SWC embankment and channel dimensions implemented didn’t follow the standards given. These dimensions were found less than the standard given while greater than the standard in some areas. Percentage of area lost per hectare due to the structure also depends on the structure dimensions. Live fence, bund stabilization grasses and shrubs were common biological measures in the area. Sekoru and Mana districts perform well by structural maintenance than Gomma district. Lack of training, extension service, lack of farm tools and skilled manpower are the major problems during SCW structures implementation. Therefore, the study suggests training and continuous follow up during and after implementation should be given by government and non-governmental organization.
This study was aimed to estimate soil loss in Gilgel Gibe-1 catchment by GIS-based RUSLE model and prioritize sub-watersheds for soil conservation planning. Both primary and secondary data from different sources were used in this study. The amount of soil loss from the catchment is estimated with GIS-based RUSLE model which uses the rainfall-runoff erosivity, soil erodibility, topographic effect, soil/surface coverage and land management practice of the catchment as an input. The result of the study shows the mean annual soil loss of the catchment is 62.98 t ha-1year-1 which is about 26.56x106 ton year-1. Erosion ‘hotspot’ areas are identified and prioritized on the bases of soil loss. Accordingly, SW4, SW3, SW5, SW6, SW9, SW8, SW7, SW2, and SW1 got 1 to 9 priority level respectively. 35.2% of the catchment area is covered by soil loss class ranging 0-5 t ha-1year-1 and about 56 % of the catchment have soil loss greater than a tolerable level which is 11 t ha-1year-1. The result of this study indicates the catchment and reservoir were under a problem of soil loss and siltation. Therefore, this study recommends immediate action, soil and water conservation measures, should be taken in the catchment according to the priority of sub-watershed and, also a detailed study is appreciated, especially on experimental test plots.