「cultivators」に関連した英語例文の一覧と使い方 - Weblio英語例文検索

We moved from that to becoming farmers and cultivators of information.例文帳に追加

そこから 私達は情報を生み出す生産者へと移行したんです - 映画・海外ドラマ英語字幕翻訳辞書

Also, Gozoku of Old Gunji started running Myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder), and became Tato (cultivators). 例文帳に追加

また、旧郡司豪族達は名田経営を行い、田堵へ変わっていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Originally, cultivators delivered the total Kajishi and honnengu to myoshu/shokan. 例文帳に追加

最初、加地子は、耕作者から名主・荘官へ本年貢と合算して納入されていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

And on a cadastral register, direct cultivators on lands were registered and they were made to be persons in charge of tax burden. 例文帳に追加

また、検地帳に土地の直接耕作者を登録し、その者を租税負担の責任者とした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Instead of cultivators, by ensuring through the issuing of certificate of land title, the landowners (landlords) were made to be tax debtors. 例文帳に追加

耕作者ではなく、地券の発行により確認された土地所有者（地主）を納税義務者とした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The method of choice of iden, the actual cultivators of iden and so on have not been clarified yet. 例文帳に追加

位田の選定方法、位田の実際の耕作者などは、まだ解明されていない。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although shomin generally referred to hyakusho-myoshu (the cultivators/owners of rice fields) or zaike-jumin (lay believers/practioners of Buddhism), in the later generations, the term also included the cultivators of isshikiden (partially exempt fields) or sanden (deteriorated rice fields) as well as shoju (retainers) and genin (servants who served their masters as slaves). 例文帳に追加

一般的には百姓名主や在家住人を指すが、後世には荘民から排除されていた一色田や散田の作人や所従・下人なども含まれる例も現れる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the line of kokushi ukeoi, kokushi imposed taxation such as kanmotsu (tribute goods paid as taxes or tithes), zatsueki (odd-job tasks) and so on to tato (cultivators, powerful farmers) since last half of the 10th century. 例文帳に追加

国司請負の流れの中で、10世紀後半ごろから国司は田堵（有力農民層のこと）へ官物や雑役などの租税を賦課していった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

When the term expired the councilors retired and the class of cultivators called colonus was forbidden to move out from their living territories. 例文帳に追加

評議員(coucillor)は任期切れで退任し、コロヌスと呼ばれる耕作者層は居住する領地からの移動を禁じられた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The cultivators were the farmers, who did not have slaves and lands, but up to fifty percent of the farm rent and miscellaneous expenses such as shipping costs or dining and wining costs were also levied on them. 例文帳に追加

耕作者は奴婢と土地の無い良民であったが、彼らは5割にものぼる小作料の他、運送・飲食代など諸経費も徴収された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the middle of the Heian period, around the late tenth century to eleventh century, development and privatization of rice fields by locally influential farmers called Tato (cultivators) were accelerated. 例文帳に追加

平安時代中葉の10世紀後期から11世紀の頃、地方の有力農民である田堵（たと）による田地開発とその私有地化が活発化した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

By this period, the right to cultivate by sakunin (local cultivators) was established as saku-shiki (the right of the cultivator), and the formation of soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing association) began to appear. 例文帳に追加

この頃になると、直接の耕作者である作人の耕作権が作職として確立し、惣村の形成が見られ始めた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

After the middle of the Heian period, genin appeared as a name that stood for privately subordinative people employed inside the houses of their masters, such as nobles, temples, shrines, and tato (cultivators). 例文帳に追加

平安時代中期以降、貴族、寺社、田堵らの家内で使役された私的隷属民の呼称として現れる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In order to ensure the stable number of cultivators, the shoen owners encouraged vagabonds to stay within shoen by providing them with seeds and everyday commodities. 例文帳に追加

このため、領主は浮浪に種子や生活物資を与えて定住化させて安定した耕作者を確保しようとした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The base of taxation of land-tax was crop yields and the yields were collected from the farmers, direct cultivators (payment in kind). 例文帳に追加

地租は収穫量を今日でいう課税標準とし、直接に耕作者である百姓からその生産物をもって徴収された（物納）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

As a result, some of them became millionaires and some went on to become Tato (cultivators), who specialized in farm management and acquired economic power. 例文帳に追加

これにより彼らの中には富豪と呼ばれる者も出現し、農業経営に特化して経済力をつけた田堵（たと）へ成長していった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

A group of rich farmers named the Tato (cultivators) made their appearance around the 9th and 10th centuries, and during the same period, koden (land directly controlled by the kokuga (provincial government office)) was reorganized into units of land known as myoden. 例文帳に追加

9世紀～10世紀ごろ、田堵と呼ばれる富豪農民が登場し、時を同じくして、国衙（国司の役所）が支配していた公田が、名田という単位に再編された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The former Chosokabe clan warriors were mainly the cultivators who were allowed to arm themselves who rebelled against the new lord and caused many battles within Tosa Province (such as in demanding the return of the former lord, Morichika CHOSOKABE). 例文帳に追加

一領具足を中心とした旧長宗我部氏の武士の多くは新領主に反発し土佐国内で多くの紛争（旧主長宗我部盛親の復帰を求めるなど）を起こした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The Juryoso (career provincial official class) assigned the Tato (cultivators) (=Kaihatsu-ryoshu) to Shokan (a general term for a variety of shoen (manor) officials responsible for the management and assignment of duties, tax collection, and protection of shoen) and collected certain tax revenues from the Shokan in exchange for recognizing their effective authorities for the lands. 例文帳に追加

受領層は彼ら田堵（＝開発領主）を荘官に任命し、その土地の実効支配権を認める代わりに、荘官から一定の税収を受け取る。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In competition with the ever-increasing shoen, the Kokushi assigned Daimyo tato (daimyo cultivators) to Zaicho kanjin (resident public officials) and deployed them on hand; moreover, they had Soji, Goji, and Hoji (all of which were local government officials under the ritsuryo system) appointed as local government officials. 例文帳に追加

増え続ける荘園に対抗して、国司は大名田堵を在庁官人に任命し、自らの手元に置き、さらには惣司・郷司・保司として、地方行政官とした。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

These certain individuals were gunji (district managers), wealthy farmers, and tato fumyo (cultivators/tax managers) who were descendants of Johei Tengyo kunkosha, samurais, family members of technical officers, and specialized in military arts as a family business. 例文帳に追加

それは、承平天慶期の勲功者の子孫で侍身分の技能官人の家と認知され、武芸を家業としている郡司・富豪百姓・田堵負名らである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

This wealthy class of peasants, who were called "tato" (cultivators), accumulated wealth by developing and integrating fields (Eiden), as well as performing suiko (government loans, often seed rice, made to peasants in Japan from the 7th through the 12th centuries), and gained control over the ordinary peasants by involving them in their business. 例文帳に追加

こうした富豪層は田堵と呼ばれ、開発・集積した田地の経営（営田）や出挙の実施などで富を蓄積し、一般の百姓を自らの経営下に組み込んでいった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

An award given to developers who resumed ruined fields was at first nothing but the right to cultivate the land on a temporary basis, but eventually evolved into permanent rights in the early Heian period, which greatly motivated Tato (wealthy cultivators) and powerful local clans at Gunji (magistrates) level to cultivate fields. 例文帳に追加

当初は、荒廃田を再開させた開発者には、期限つきで耕作権が認められるに過ぎなかったが、平安時代初期には終身の権利に発展したため、富豪農民（田堵）・郡司級土豪は積極的に開発を行った。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In addition to the Ku-Suiko managed by local administrative organizations, rich people and influential farmers such as Tato (cultivators) living in local areas implemented Shi-Suiko for petty farmers in those days. 例文帳に追加

このころには地方機関による公出挙の他、地域の富豪・有力百姓ら（田堵など）も零細百姓らを対象に私出挙を行うようになった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

To ensure yields of tax, the Imperial Court introduced a new ruling system where Kokugaryo (territories governed by provincial government office) in provinces were divided into units of myoden (rice field lots in charge of nominal holders) so that land lords of the wealthy class (Tato (cultivators)) undertook the management of myoden and land tax payment. 例文帳に追加

朝廷は租税収入を確保するために、諸国の国衙領を名田という単位へ分割し、在地の富豪層（田堵）へ名田経営と租税納入を請け負わせる支配体制へと移行した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

From the harvest from Kueiden, Cho and Yo were paid to the Central Government, food and reward (called tsukudako) to the cultivators, and charges for repairing rivers and ponds were also paid. 例文帳に追加

公営田の収穫の中から、中央へ納入すべき調・庸や耕作百姓への食料・報酬（佃功という）、溝池修理料などが支弁された。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the early 10th century, Koden was reorganized into the base for taxing called Myoden (rice field lots managed by a nominal holder) and the system called Myo-system, under which local wealthy peasants (Tato (cultivators)/Fumyoso (tiller of the public rice field)) were responsible for the management of Myoden as well as land tax payment, was established. 例文帳に追加

10世紀初頭頃から、公田は名田と呼ばれる租税収取の基礎単位へ編成され、現地の富豪層（田堵・負名層）が名田経営と租税納入を請け負うという名体制が形成されていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The unit of the medieval land ruling is called myoden (rice field lots in the charge of a nominal holder), and at that period the wealthy class called Tato (cultivators) that came from gunji (local magistrates) and native provincial governors undertook the management of myo and came to be called Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field). 例文帳に追加

この土地支配の単位を名田と呼ぶが、この頃、郡司、土着国司などを出自とする田堵と呼ばれた富豪層は、名の経営を請け負い、負名と呼ばれるようになっていった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

The cultivators of shoen at that time usually lived in koryo outside shoen, and as for those who had dwellings within shoen, they had registered addresses in koryo. 例文帳に追加

当時の耕作者は荘園外の公領に住む公民か荘園内に住居を持っていても戸籍に登録されている本貫は公領であるのが普通であった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Shoen at that time had a dual class structure, which was divided into the group which included the hyakusho-myoshu who owned myoden (rice field lots in charge of a nominal holder) and the zaike-jumin; and the group which included sakunin (tenant cultivators), kobyakusho (peasants who owned little plowlands), shoju, and genin. 例文帳に追加

当時の荘園は名田を有する百姓名主や在家住人とそれ以外の作人・小百姓・所従・下人などの2階層に分かれていた。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Although there was the system of Ichiryo gusoku in Tosa at that time, which allowed local cultivators to arm themselves, there was a standing army, and as such, when the Chosokabe clan advanced with a large army within a short time, the Ichijo clan with a small army was truly astounded. 例文帳に追加

当時の土佐には半農半兵から一歩進んだ一領具足はあっても常備軍の制度はなかったから、短期間で多勢を揃え進軍してきた様に寡兵の一条方は仰天したと言われている。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In the Ritsuryo system, kubunden (rice fields given to each farmer in the Ritsuryo system) was given to each farmer, but in fact, there also existed lands which were not cultivated due to escape of farmers and so on, or on the contrary, on which chinso (land taxes under the Ritsuryo system) was imposed despite there were no specific cultivators from the beginning. 例文帳に追加

律令制においては、農民に口分田が与えられていたが、実際には逃亡などで耕作されない土地や逆に定まった耕作者が元からおらず賃租が行われている土地も存在した。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

To provide a quite new method for cultivating melons by which finest melons can be supplied stably even under various environments unlike a conventional method depending on gut feeling or experiment of cultivators.例文帳に追加

従来、栽培者の勘または経験によって行われてきたメロンの栽培方法と異なり、様々な環境においても安定した最高級のメロンを供給することができる全く新しいメロンの栽培方法を提供する。 - 特許庁

To provide a frame for live-box with high durability, having rigidity, reducing use of expensive materials as much as possible and can be provided inexpensively to cultivators and to provide a live-box for culture using the same.例文帳に追加

耐久性が高く、かつ剛性を有すると共に、高価な素材の使用を極力減らすことができて養殖家に安価に提供できる生け簀枠及びそれを用いた養殖生け簀を得る。 - 特許庁

As a result, the legitimacy of the positions of a great many medieval-period middleman tax collectors and the like were repudiated, since now cultivators were paying taxes directly to their local lords; at the agricultural village level, Hideyoshi's survey had eliminated nearly all the extortionist middleman warriors who lived off others' effort in one clean sweep. 例文帳に追加

これにより、土地に対して重層的にあった中世的な中間権利である様々な職が否定され、耕作者は直接領主に納税することとなり、農村にいた中間搾取者としての武士はほぼ一掃されることとなった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Kokushi kasei joso refers to acts and phenomena of appeals and armed struggles by Gunji (local magistrates), Tato (cultivators), Fumyo (tiller of the public rice field), and the farmer class in order to complain to the central government Daijokan (Grand Council of State) about tyrannies and illegal behaviors of Kokushi (or Zuryo) (provincial governors), Chihokan (local officials) during the Heian period in Japan. 例文帳に追加

国司苛政上訴（こくしかせいじょうそ）は、日本の平安時代に郡司・田堵・負名・百姓階層が地方官である国司（受領）の苛政・非法を中央政府（太政官）へ訴えた行為、現象または闘争形態。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Similarly, as for Imperial families, Ingu bunkoku sei (provincial allotment system) was implemented, which means that the high-ranked aristocracy who were kenmon so (influential families), kokushi who were Juryoso (career provincial official class) and daimyo tato (powerful cultivators) who were Goji (local government official under the ritsuryo system) and hoji (an officer governing Kyoto, or public land) were connected with each other and the structure in the case of the Imperial family showed almost no structural difference from the shoen system. 例文帳に追加

同様に皇族にも院宮分国制が敷かれ、こうして権門層たる上級貴族、受領層たる国司、大名田堵たる郷司・保司等が結びつき、荘園制とほとんど変わらぬ構造となった。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

During the process of the development of the shoen system and the demise of Kochi-komin sei (the system of complete state ownership of land and citizens), the shoen owners, by utilizing their political influence, endeavored to secure the cultivators as residents of their own shoen by entitling them to the exemptions of the public duties or the temporary odd-job duties; such a process is known as the establishment of myo taisei (local tax management system based on rice land). 例文帳に追加

荘園制の発達と公地公民制の解体の過程で荘園領主は自己の政治力を背景として国役や臨時雑役などを免除させることで寄作者を自己の荘園内に移住させて荘園内に取り込もうとした（名体制の成立）。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

In a weeder for cultivators using a rotary weeding wheel fixed with a plurality of weeding rods obliquely extending upward and rotary drive legs extending downward on the periphery of a rotary base, an obstructive member for hindering to hold foreign substances is put in a space between the rotary base and the group of weeding rods.例文帳に追加

回転ベースの外周に斜め上方に延びる複数の除草杆と下方に延びる回転駆動脚を固設した回転除草輪を用いたカルチベータ用の除草装置において、回転ベースと除草杆群の間の空所に異物の抱込みを抑制する邪魔部材を介在させる。 - 特許庁

From such a career, the diary has detailed entries about conflicts between the Kamo-jinja Shrines, the Great Thanksgiving Festival in 1466 that in fact became the last such festival held in the medieval period, the relationship between court aristocrats and warriors (Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun)), the circumstances of the Onin War, what the frequently-occurring do-ikki (uprisings of cultivators and other commoners) were like, and the ordinary life of court nobles, etc., so it is an important historical source to know about this period. 例文帳に追加

このような経歴から、賀茂神社間の争いに関わる話や、事実上中世最後となった文正元年（1466年）の大嘗祭に関する記事、公家と武家（室町幕府）の関係、応仁の乱の経緯、頻発した土一揆の様子、さらに普段の公家の生活などが詳細に記されており、同時代を知る上での一級史料といえる。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス

Under the tax collection system established in the Medieval period taxes relating to public duties and labor services, which were kinds of zoyaku (odd-jobs tasks), were assessed for myoden (rice field lots) as a collection unit; on the other hand, taxes relating to public duties and labor services were collected in regions where myoden had not sufficiently established or from people who did not belong to the ruling system of shoen (manor) and koryo (mainly non-cultivators) (mostly non-farmer), such as kugonin (groups of producer-merchants) or jinin (shrine dependents) by assessing for zaike as a collection unit. 例文帳に追加

中世において成立した収取体制においては、雑役系の公事・夫役は名田を収取単位として租税の賦課が行われていたが、名田が十分に確立されていない地域や供御人・神人など荘園・公領の支配体系に属しない人々（主に非農業民）から公事・夫役を収取するために在家を単位として賦課したのである。 - Wikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス