ABSTRACT Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests of apple trees, and lives on their s... more ABSTRACT Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests of apple trees, and lives on their shoots and fruits. In southern Brazil, the insect is also found on old branches and structures similar to aerial roots, so-called burrknots. This study evaluated the development and population growth potential of G. molesta fed on burrknots, compared with apple fruit cultivar. Fuji and a corn-based artificial diet. The study was carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25 ± 1°C), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (16 h). The biological parameters of the immature and adult stages were determined, and a fertility life table was constructed. Insects fed on burrknots showed a longer duration and a lower survival for the egg-to-adult period (29.3 d and 22.5%) compared with those that fed on apples (25.1 d and 30.0%) and artificial diet (23.9 d and 54.8%). Insects reared on aerial roots had a lower pupal weight (10.0 mg) compared with those reared on either artificial diet (13.7 mg) or apple cultivar. Fuji (12.4 mg). The fecundity and longevity of males and females did not significantly differ for the three foods. Based on the fertility life table, insects reared on burrknots had the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of population growth (rm ) and finite rate of increase (λ), compared with insects reared on artificial diet and apple fruit. Burrknots support the development of the complete cycle of G. molesta, which allows populations of this pest to increase in orchards.
Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the main pests of cucurbits in Bra... more Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the main pests of cucurbits in Brazil. Losses occur due to the damage caused to the fruits and the embargo on exports, as A. grandis is considered a quarantine pest in countries that import Brazilian cucurbits. This study aimed to evaluate the development of A. grandis in hosts of the Cucurbitaceae family. The hosts used were stem squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), chayote [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz], mini watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai], Spanish melon (Cucumis melo L.), hybrid squash "Tetsukabuto" (C. moschata×Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), and salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). We evaluated the viability and duration of egg-to-pupa period, pupal weight, sex ratio, and average number of pupae per fruit under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and photophase. The preoviposition and oviposition periods, fecundity, fertility, and longevity of females were determined for adults. Hosts of the genus Cucurbita provided a better development of A. grandis in comparison with other hosts, and presented a greater number of insects on fruit as well as higher infestation rate. Fecundity and longevity were also higher for females that developed in hosts of the genus Cucurbita, although values of these biological parameters varied between stem squash, squash, hybrid squash "Tetsukabuto."
Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos munic... more Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Morro Redondo, RS
Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos munic... more Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Morro Redondo, RS
Two sympatric Europeanbeetles, Galerucella calmariensis (L.)and G. pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera:Ch... more Two sympatric Europeanbeetles, Galerucella calmariensis (L.)and G. pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), have been released in NorthAmerica for biological control of purpleloosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L.(Lythraceae). Because establishment isaffected by environmental conditions, studieswere conducted at temperatures ranging from12.5 to 30 °C to determine differencesin rate of development and survival between thetwo species. No egg hatch occurred at12.5 °C for both species. Eggdevelopment was faster for G.calmariensis than for G. pusilla attemperatures 15 °C. Theminimum threshold temperature for eggdevelopment was lower for G. calmariensisthan G. pusilla. At 12.5 °C, G. calmariensis larvae developed 1.6 daysfaster than G. pusilla, but at 15, 20,25, and 27.5 °C G. pusilla developed2.9, 1.2, 1.1, and 0.6 days faster,respectively, than G. calmariensis. Nodifferences in developmental rate of pupa andtotal development time from egg to adulteclosion were observed for the two species. However, survival of G. calmariensisgenerally was higher than that of G.pusilla at lower temperatures. No differencewas observed in the preoviposition periodbetween the two species except at27.5 °C. The preoviposition period forboth species at 12.5 and 15 °C exceeded50 days and was much higher than for20 °C and above. The long preovipositionperiod suggests that temperatures below15 °C induce reproductive diapause. At15 °C, G. pusilla females livedlonger and also had a longer oviposition periodthan G. calmariensis. However, fasteregg and larval development, and higher survivalat 12.5 °C may give G. calmariensisa competitive advantage over G. pusillain cooler climates.
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2006
The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyra... more The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae) have been found frequently in citrus groves in São Paulo State in recent years. Since in Brazil, the fertility cycle of these two species is largely unknown, as are details of the damage wrought by them in crops, this research studied these aspects of the two species, which were kept under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% RH, 14 h photophase) and on an artificial diet. The duration of the biological cycle (egg-adult) for P. rostrana was 38.3 days and total viability was 44.0%; for P. erigens these values were 32.5 days and 63.6%, respectively. Both species showed five larval instars. Females of P. rostrana laid an average of 308 eggs, whereas those of P. erigens laid an average of 106 eggs. In both species, female pupae were heavier than males. Male and female longevity for both species was nearly 10 days. Based on the data obtained, the artificial...
Stenoma catenifer Walsingham is the major pest in avocado groves (Persea americana Mill.) in the ... more Stenoma catenifer Walsingham is the major pest in avocado groves (Persea americana Mill.) in the Neotropical region. Management has been difficult for many reasons related to the reduced knowledge on its bioecology and the avocado growing systems. The goal of this work was to study the vertical distribution of S. catenifer in avocado plants, the gagging effect of infested fruit on its survival, and the losses caused. The experiments were conducted in a commercial grove located at the São Tomás de Aquino, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing season. S. catenifer was observed especially at the lower and central part of the plant, and the inner canopy was the least attacked in comparison with the north, south, east and west quadrants. These results may be important indicators for the use of am adequate sampling procedure. The highest percentage of attacked fruit had one to four larvae; in some cases up to eight individuals per fruit were found. The ...
Page 1. 109 Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal - SP, v. 34, n. 1, p. 109-115, Março 2012 1(Trabalho ... more Page 1. 109 Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal - SP, v. 34, n. 1, p. 109-115, Março 2012 1(Trabalho 097-11). Recebido em: 23-03-2011. Aceito para publicação em: 26-01-2012. 2Embrapa Clima Temperado, Laboratório de Entomologia, Caixa Postal 403, 96001-970. Pelotas-RS. ...
ABSTRACT Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests of apple trees, and lives on their s... more ABSTRACT Grapholita molesta (Busck) is one of the main pests of apple trees, and lives on their shoots and fruits. In southern Brazil, the insect is also found on old branches and structures similar to aerial roots, so-called burrknots. This study evaluated the development and population growth potential of G. molesta fed on burrknots, compared with apple fruit cultivar. Fuji and a corn-based artificial diet. The study was carried out in the laboratory under controlled temperature (25 ± 1°C), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (16 h). The biological parameters of the immature and adult stages were determined, and a fertility life table was constructed. Insects fed on burrknots showed a longer duration and a lower survival for the egg-to-adult period (29.3 d and 22.5%) compared with those that fed on apples (25.1 d and 30.0%) and artificial diet (23.9 d and 54.8%). Insects reared on aerial roots had a lower pupal weight (10.0 mg) compared with those reared on either artificial diet (13.7 mg) or apple cultivar. Fuji (12.4 mg). The fecundity and longevity of males and females did not significantly differ for the three foods. Based on the fertility life table, insects reared on burrknots had the lowest net reproductive rate (Ro), intrinsic rate of population growth (rm ) and finite rate of increase (λ), compared with insects reared on artificial diet and apple fruit. Burrknots support the development of the complete cycle of G. molesta, which allows populations of this pest to increase in orchards.
Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the main pests of cucurbits in Bra... more Anastrepha grandis (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the main pests of cucurbits in Brazil. Losses occur due to the damage caused to the fruits and the embargo on exports, as A. grandis is considered a quarantine pest in countries that import Brazilian cucurbits. This study aimed to evaluate the development of A. grandis in hosts of the Cucurbitaceae family. The hosts used were stem squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), chayote [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz], mini watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum & Nakai], Spanish melon (Cucumis melo L.), hybrid squash "Tetsukabuto" (C. moschata×Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), and salad cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). We evaluated the viability and duration of egg-to-pupa period, pupal weight, sex ratio, and average number of pupae per fruit under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and photophase. The preoviposition and oviposition periods, fecundity, fertility, and longevity of females were determined for adults. Hosts of the genus Cucurbita provided a better development of A. grandis in comparison with other hosts, and presented a greater number of insects on fruit as well as higher infestation rate. Fecundity and longevity were also higher for females that developed in hosts of the genus Cucurbita, although values of these biological parameters varied between stem squash, squash, hybrid squash "Tetsukabuto."
Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos munic... more Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Morro Redondo, RS
Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos munic... more Monitoramento de Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) em pomares nos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Morro Redondo, RS
Two sympatric Europeanbeetles, Galerucella calmariensis (L.)and G. pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera:Ch... more Two sympatric Europeanbeetles, Galerucella calmariensis (L.)and G. pusilla (Duft.) (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae), have been released in NorthAmerica for biological control of purpleloosestrife, Lythrum salicaria L.(Lythraceae). Because establishment isaffected by environmental conditions, studieswere conducted at temperatures ranging from12.5 to 30 °C to determine differencesin rate of development and survival between thetwo species. No egg hatch occurred at12.5 °C for both species. Eggdevelopment was faster for G.calmariensis than for G. pusilla attemperatures 15 °C. Theminimum threshold temperature for eggdevelopment was lower for G. calmariensisthan G. pusilla. At 12.5 °C, G. calmariensis larvae developed 1.6 daysfaster than G. pusilla, but at 15, 20,25, and 27.5 °C G. pusilla developed2.9, 1.2, 1.1, and 0.6 days faster,respectively, than G. calmariensis. Nodifferences in developmental rate of pupa andtotal development time from egg to adulteclosion were observed for the two species. However, survival of G. calmariensisgenerally was higher than that of G.pusilla at lower temperatures. No differencewas observed in the preoviposition periodbetween the two species except at27.5 °C. The preoviposition period forboth species at 12.5 and 15 °C exceeded50 days and was much higher than for20 °C and above. The long preovipositionperiod suggests that temperatures below15 °C induce reproductive diapause. At15 °C, G. pusilla females livedlonger and also had a longer oviposition periodthan G. calmariensis. However, fasteregg and larval development, and higher survivalat 12.5 °C may give G. calmariensisa competitive advantage over G. pusillain cooler climates.
Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia, 2006
The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyra... more The lepidopterans Platynota rostrana (Walker) (Tortricidae) and Phidotricha erigens Raganot (Pyralidae) have been found frequently in citrus groves in São Paulo State in recent years. Since in Brazil, the fertility cycle of these two species is largely unknown, as are details of the damage wrought by them in crops, this research studied these aspects of the two species, which were kept under laboratory conditions (temperature 25 +/- 2 degrees C, 70 +/- 10% RH, 14 h photophase) and on an artificial diet. The duration of the biological cycle (egg-adult) for P. rostrana was 38.3 days and total viability was 44.0%; for P. erigens these values were 32.5 days and 63.6%, respectively. Both species showed five larval instars. Females of P. rostrana laid an average of 308 eggs, whereas those of P. erigens laid an average of 106 eggs. In both species, female pupae were heavier than males. Male and female longevity for both species was nearly 10 days. Based on the data obtained, the artificial...
Stenoma catenifer Walsingham is the major pest in avocado groves (Persea americana Mill.) in the ... more Stenoma catenifer Walsingham is the major pest in avocado groves (Persea americana Mill.) in the Neotropical region. Management has been difficult for many reasons related to the reduced knowledge on its bioecology and the avocado growing systems. The goal of this work was to study the vertical distribution of S. catenifer in avocado plants, the gagging effect of infested fruit on its survival, and the losses caused. The experiments were conducted in a commercial grove located at the São Tomás de Aquino, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing season. S. catenifer was observed especially at the lower and central part of the plant, and the inner canopy was the least attacked in comparison with the north, south, east and west quadrants. These results may be important indicators for the use of am adequate sampling procedure. The highest percentage of attacked fruit had one to four larvae; in some cases up to eight individuals per fruit were found. The ...
Page 1. 109 Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal - SP, v. 34, n. 1, p. 109-115, Março 2012 1(Trabalho ... more Page 1. 109 Rev. Bras. Frutic., Jaboticabal - SP, v. 34, n. 1, p. 109-115, Março 2012 1(Trabalho 097-11). Recebido em: 23-03-2011. Aceito para publicação em: 26-01-2012. 2Embrapa Clima Temperado, Laboratório de Entomologia, Caixa Postal 403, 96001-970. Pelotas-RS. ...
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