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Cylindrotomidae: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Family of flies}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| oldest_fossil = Paleogene
| image = Diogma wing veins.svg
| image_captionimage = ''[[Diogma]]'' wingglabrata vein02.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Diogma glabrata ]]''
| display_parents = 3
| taxon = Cylindrotomidae
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[[File:Cylindrotoma distinctissima.jpg|thumb|''[[Cylindrotoma distinctissima]]'']]
 
The '''Cylindrotomidae''' or '''long-bodied craneflies''' are a family of [[Tipulomorpha|crane flies]]. AboutMore 115than 65 extant [[species]] in 9 genera occur worldwide.<ref name=Oosterbroek2023/> There are more than 20 extinct species.<ref name=PaleoDB/>
 
Most recent classifications place the group to family level. thisThis was not supported by recent [[phylogenetic]] analyses by Petersen et al.<ref>Petersen, M.J.;in Bertone2010,<ref M.A.;name=Peterson2010/> Wiegmann,but B.M.;several Courtney,studies G.W.and 2010:catalogs Phylogenetichave synthesissince oftreated morphologicalthe andgroup molecularas dataa revealsfamily, newand insightsthey intoremain thean higher-levelestablished classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera)family.<ref Systematicname="Zhang2016"/><ref entomology,name=Kolcsár2021/><ref 35:name=Oosterbroek2023/><ref 526-545.name=Zhang2019/><ref doi: 10.1111name=catlife/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x><ref name=bugguide/ref> however
Zhang et al.<ref name="Zhang2016">{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Xiao|last2=Kang|first2=Zehui|last3=Mao|first3=Meng|last4=Li|first4=Xuankun|last5=Cameron|first5=Stephen L.|last6=de Jong|first6=Herman|last7=Wang|first7=Mengqing|last8=Yang|first8=Ding|title=Comparative Mt Genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|volume=11|issue=6|pages=e0158167|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158167|pmc=4920351|pmid=27341029|doi-access=free}}</ref> have overturned this with their phylogenetic analyses. Thus they remain an established family.▼
 
==Description==
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==Biology==
The [[larva]]e are all [[phytophagous]] (with the exception of the genus ''[[Cylindrotoma]]'') and are found living on terrestrial, semiaquatic and aquatic mosses. The larvae of the genus ''Cylindrotoma'' live on various flowering plants. Adults are found in damp, wooded habitats.
 
== Evolutionary history ==
Although they likely split off from their closest relatives, [[Tipulidae]], during the Jurassic,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lukashevich |first=Elena D. |last2=Ribeiro |first2=Guilherme C. |date=2019-04-18 |title=Mesozoic fossils and the phylogeny of Tipulomorpha (Insecta: Diptera) |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2018.1448899 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=635–652 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1448899 |issn=1477-2019}}</ref> there are no fossils of the group known until the [[Paleogene]], which belong to the living genera ''Cylindrotoma'' and ''[[Diogma]]'' and the extinct ''[[Cyttaromyia]],'' the oldest dating to around 56 million years ago. It is likely that the family only substantially diversified during the [[Cenozoic]], with fossil species diversity centered in [[Baltic Amber]] and western North American compression faunas such as the [[Green River Formation]] and [[Florissant Formation]]. Additional species are known from the older [[Fur Formation]], [[Kishenehn Formation]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kania-Kłosok |first=Iwona |last2=Nel |first2=André |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |last4=Jordan-Stasiło |first4=Wiktoria |last5=Krzemiński |first5=Wiesław |date=2021-07-06 |title=Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera) |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-91719-w |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-91719-w |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8260593 |pmid=34230501}}</ref> and undescribed specimens are known from the [[Eocene Okanagan Highlands]].<ref name="WilsonAsmt09">Wilson, M.V.H. 2009. McAbee Fossil Site Assessment Report. 60 pp.[https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/farming-natural-resources-and-industry/natural-resource-use/land-water-use/crown-land/fossil-management/mcabee_fossil_site_assessment_report.pdf Online PDF]. Accessed 13 July 2023.</ref>
 
==Classification==
*Subfamily [[Cylindrotominae]]
:*''[[Cylindrotoma]]'' <{{small>|[[Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart|Macquart]], 1834</small>}}<ref name="Macquart1834">{{cite book|last1=Macquart|first1=P. J. M.|title=Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome premiere|date=1834|publisher=Roret|location=Paris|pages=578 + 8 pp., 12 pls}}</ref>
:*''[[Diogma]]'' <{{small>|[[Frederick Wallace Edwards|Edwards]], 1938</small>}}<ref name="Edwards1938">{{cite journal|last1=Edwards|first1=Frederick W|title=British short-palped craneflies. Taxonomy of adults.|journal=Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent.|date=1938|volume=5|pages=1–168, 5 pls}}</ref>
:*''[[Liogma]]'' <{{small>|[[Carl Robert Osten-Sacken|Osten Sacken]], 1869</small>}}<ref name="Osten Sacken1869">{{cite journal|last1=Osten Sacken|first1=C. R.|title=Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part IV|journal=Smithson. Misc. Collect.|date=1869|volume=8|issue=1|pages=xi + 345 pp., 4 pls|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16788#page/9/mode/1up|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref>
:*''[[Phalacrocera]]'' <{{small>|[[Ignaz Rudolph Schiner|Schiner]], 1863</small>}}<ref name="Schiner1863">{{cite journal|last1=Schiner|first1=I. R.|title=Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der "Fauna Austriaca", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen neuen Dipteren-Gattungen. V. [concl].|journal=Wien.Wiener Ent.Entomologische MonstschrMonatschrift|date=1863|volume=7|pages=217–226}}</ref>
:*''[[Triogma]]'' <{{small>|[[Ignaz Rudolph Schiner|Schiner]], 1863</small>}}<ref name="Schiner1863"/>
:*†''[[Cyttaromyia]]'' {{small|Scudder (1877)}}
:*†''[[Oryctogma]]'' {{small|Scudder (1894)}}
*Subfamily [[Stibadocerinae]]
:*''[[Stibadocera]]'' <{{small>|[[Günther Enderlein|Enderlein]], 1912</small>}}<ref name="Enderlein1912">{{cite journal|last1=Enderlein|first1=G.|title=Studien uber die Tipuliden, Limoniiden, Cylindrotomiden und Ptychopteriden|journal=Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.)|date=1912|volume=32|pages=1–88|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10097163#page/11/mode/1up|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref>
:*''[[Stibadocerella]]'' <{{small>|[[Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti|Brunetti]], 1918</small>}}
:*''[[Stibadocerina]]'' <{{small>|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1929</small>}}<ref name="Alexander1929">{{cite journal|last1=Alexander|first1=C. P.|title=Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae).|journal=Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile|date=1929|volume=1|pages=1–240, 12 pls}}</ref>
:*''[[Stibadocerodes]]'' <{{small>|[[Charles Paul Alexander|Alexander]], 1928</small>}}<ref name="Alexander1928">{{cite journal|last1=Alexander|first1=C. P.|title=Diptera. Fam. Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae|journal=Genera Insectorum|date=1928|volume=187|pages=16 pp., 2 pls}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}| refs=
▲Zhang et al.<ref name="Zhang2016">{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Xiao|last2=Kang|first2=Zehui|last3=Mao|first3=Meng|last4=Li|first4=Xuankun|last5=Cameron|first5=Stephen L.|last6=de Jong|first6=Herman|last7=Wang|first7=Mengqing|last8=Yang|first8=Ding|title=Comparative Mt Genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2016|volume=11|issue=6|pages=e0158167|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158167|pmc=4920351|pmid=27341029|doi-access=free}}</ref> have overturned this with their phylogenetic analyses. Thus they remain an established family.
* {{cite web |title=Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Diptera, Tipuloidea: Pediciidae, Limoniidae, Cylindrotomidae, Tipulidae) |url=https://ccw.naturalis.nl/ |publisher=Naturalis Biodiversity Center}}
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Peterson2010>Petersen, M.J.; Bertone, M.A.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Courtney, G.W. 2010: Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic entomology, 35: 526-545. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x</ref>
 
<ref name=bugguide>
{{Cite web| title=Cylindrotomidae family Information
| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/34409
| website=BugGuide.net
| access-date=2023-06-12
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=catlife>
{{Cite web| title=Cylindrotomidae Kertész, 1902
| url=https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/623WP
| website=Catalogue of Life
| access-date=2023-06-12
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Kolcsár2021>
{{Cite journal
| title = Contribution to the knowledge of Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipuloidea): first records of 244 species from various European countries
| date = 2021
| last1 = Kolcsár | first1 = L-P| last2 = Oosterbroek | first2 = P| last3 = Gavryushin | first3 = DI| last4 = Olsen | first4 = KM| last5 = Paramonov | first5 = NM
| last6 = Pilipenko | first6 = VE| last7 = Starý | first7 = J| last8 = Polevoi | first8 = A| last9 = Lantsov | first9 = VI| last10 = Eiroa | first10 = E
| last11 = Andersson | first11 = M| last12 = Salmela | first12 = J| last13 = Quindroit | first13 = C| last14 = d'Oliveira | first14 = MC| last15 = Hancock | first15 = EG
| last16 = Mederos | first16 = J| last17 = Boardman | first17 = P| last18 = Viitanen | first18 = E| last19 = Watanabe | first19 = K
| display-authors = 4
| journal = Biodiversity Data Journal
| volume = 9
| doi = 10.3897/BDJ.9.e67085| doi-access = free
| pmc = 9848614}}</ref>
 
<ref name=PaleoDB>
{{Cite web
| access-date = 2023-06-13
| title = Paleobiology Database
| date = 2023
| url = https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=140693
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Oosterbroek2023>
{{Cite web
| access-date = 2023-06-13
| title = Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World
| date = 2023
| last1 = Oosterbroek | first1 = Pjotr
| publisher = Naturalis Biodiversity Center
| url = http://ccw.naturalis.nl/index.php
}}</ref>
 
<ref name=Zhang2019>
{{Cite journal
| title = The mitochondrial genome of Tipula (Formotipula) melanomera gracilispina (Diptera: Tipulidae)
| date = 2019
| last1 = Zhang | first1 = Bing
| last2 = Gao | first2 = Shang
| last3 = Cao | first3 = Yike
| last4 = Chang | first4 = Wencheng
| last5 = Yang | first5 = Ding
| display-authors = 4
| journal = Mitochondrial DNA Part B, Resources
| volume = 4
| url = https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23802359.2018.1546136
| doi = 10.1080/23802359.2018.1546136
| doi-access = free
}}</ref>
}}
 
{{Diptera|1}}
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