The Cylindrotomidae or long-bodied craneflies are a family of crane flies. More than 65 extant species in 9 genera occur worldwide.[1] There are more than 20 extinct species.[2]
| Cylindrotomidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Diogma glabrata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Suborder: | Nematocera |
| Infraorder: | Tipulomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Tipuloidea |
| Family: | Cylindrotomidae Schiner, 1863 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Most recent classifications place the group to family level. This was not supported by phylogenetic analyses by Petersen et al. in 2010,[3] but several studies and catalogs have since treated the group as a family, and they remain an established family.[4][5][1][6][7][8]
Description
editThey are mostly large flies of around 11–16 mm and yellowish to pale brownish in colour. They have long, slender antennae with 16 segments; the wings, legs and the abdomen are all very long.
Biology
editThe larvae are all phytophagous (with the exception of the genus Cylindrotoma) and are found living on terrestrial, semiaquatic and aquatic mosses. The larvae of the genus Cylindrotoma live on various flowering plants. Adults are found in damp, wooded habitats.
Evolutionary history
editAlthough they likely split off from their closest relatives, Tipulidae, during the Jurassic,[9] there are no fossils of the group known until the Paleogene, which belong to the living genera Cylindrotoma and Diogma and the extinct Cyttaromyia, the oldest dating to around 56 million years ago. It is likely that the family only substantially diversified during the Cenozoic, with fossil species diversity centered in Baltic Amber and western North American compression faunas such as the Green River Formation and Florissant Formation. Additional species are known from the older Fur Formation, Kishenehn Formation,[10] and undescribed specimens are known from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands.[11]
Classification
edit- Subfamily Cylindrotominae
- Cylindrotoma Macquart, 1834[12]
- Diogma Edwards, 1938[13]
- Liogma Osten Sacken, 1869[14]
- Phalacrocera Schiner, 1863[15]
- Triogma Schiner, 1863[15]
- †Cyttaromyia Scudder (1877)
- †Oryctogma Scudder (1894)
- Subfamily Stibadocerinae
- Stibadocera Enderlein, 1912[16]
- Stibadocerella Brunetti, 1918
- Stibadocerina Alexander, 1929[17]
- Stibadocerodes Alexander, 1928[18]
References
edit- ^ a b Oosterbroek, Pjotr (2023). "Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World". Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ^ "Paleobiology Database". 2023. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
- ^ Petersen, M.J.; Bertone, M.A.; Wiegmann, B.M.; Courtney, G.W. 2010: Phylogenetic synthesis of morphological and molecular data reveals new insights into the higher-level classification of Tipuloidea (Diptera). Systematic entomology, 35: 526-545. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00524.x
- ^ Zhang, Xiao; Kang, Zehui; Mao, Meng; Li, Xuankun; Cameron, Stephen L.; de Jong, Herman; Wang, Mengqing; Yang, Ding (2016). "Comparative Mt Genomics of the Tipuloidea (Diptera: Nematocera: Tipulomorpha) and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of the Tipulomorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0158167. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0158167. PMC 4920351. PMID 27341029.
- ^ Kolcsár, L-P; Oosterbroek, P; Gavryushin, DI; Olsen, KM; et al. (2021). "Contribution to the knowledge of Limoniidae (Diptera: Tipuloidea): first records of 244 species from various European countries". Biodiversity Data Journal. 9. doi:10.3897/BDJ.9.e67085. PMC 9848614.
- ^ Zhang, Bing; Gao, Shang; Cao, Yike; Chang, Wencheng; et al. (2019). "The mitochondrial genome of Tipula (Formotipula) melanomera gracilispina (Diptera: Tipulidae)". Mitochondrial DNA Part B, Resources. 4. doi:10.1080/23802359.2018.1546136.
- ^ "Cylindrotomidae Kertész, 1902". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ "Cylindrotomidae family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2023-06-12.
- ^ Lukashevich, Elena D.; Ribeiro, Guilherme C. (2019-04-18). "Mesozoic fossils and the phylogeny of Tipulomorpha (Insecta: Diptera)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (8): 635–652. doi:10.1080/14772019.2018.1448899. ISSN 1477-2019.
- ^ Kania-Kłosok, Iwona; Nel, André; Szwedo, Jacek; Jordan-Stasiło, Wiktoria; Krzemiński, Wiesław (2021-07-06). "Phylogeny and biogeography of the enigmatic ghost lineage Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera)". Scientific Reports. 11 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91719-w. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8260593. PMID 34230501.
- ^ Wilson, M.V.H. 2009. McAbee Fossil Site Assessment Report. 60 pp.Online PDF. Accessed 13 July 2023.
- ^ Macquart, P. J. M. (1834). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Dipteres. Tome premiere. Paris: Roret. pp. 578 + 8 pp., 12 pls.
- ^ Edwards, Frederick W (1938). "British short-palped craneflies. Taxonomy of adults". Trans. Soc. Brit. Ent. 5: 1–168, 5 pls.
- ^ Osten Sacken, C. R. (1869). "Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part IV". Smithson. Misc. Collect. 8 (1): xi + 345 pp., 4 pls. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Schiner, I. R. (1863). "Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der "Fauna Austriaca", mit einer naheren Begrundung der in derselben aufgenommenen neuen Dipteren-Gattungen. V. [concl]". Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift. 7: 217–226.
- ^ Enderlein, G. (1912). "Studien uber die Tipuliden, Limoniiden, Cylindrotomiden und Ptychopteriden". Zool. Jahrb. (Syst.). 32: 1–88. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ Alexander, C. P. (1929). "Crane-flies (Tipulidae, Trichoceridae, Tanyderidae)". Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 1: 1–240, 12 pls.
- ^ Alexander, C. P. (1928). "Diptera. Fam. Tipulidae, Subfam. Cylindrotominae". Genera Insectorum. 187: 16 pp., 2 pls.