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Wot Cher! Knocked 'em in the Old Kent Road
 
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{{for|the Hawaiian islands known as the "Mokes"|Na Mokulua}}
 
'''Moke''' is a term used in the [[British Isles]] as slang for "donkey".<ref name="MW">{{Cite web |title=Definition of MOKE |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/moke |access-date=2022-11-24 |website=Merriam Webster.com Dictionary}}</ref> In Australia it refers to a nag or inferior horse,<ref name=MW/> and is employed by residents of the [[Hawaiian Islands]] in similar fashion as the British to derogatorily describe segments of the local [[Polynesians|Polynesian]] population. In practice, the word "moke" is similar to "redneck", as it is only used to describe a certain personality type, instead of an entire ethnic group.<ref name= pidgin>[{{cite web|url=http://www.eyeofhawaii.com/Pidgin/pidgin.htm|title=Eye of Hawaii - Pidgin, Guide]The Unofficial Language of Hawaii|publisher=|accessdate=27 December 2014}}</ref>
[[File:Stamp of Albania - 1966 - Colnect 197286 - Donkey Equus africanus asinus.jpeg|thumb|Albanian postage stamp depicting [[Donkey|Equus asinus]] (Donkey)]]
 
===In literature===▼
=="Moke" in Hawaiian culture==
Later portrayals include [[W. S. Merwin|W. S. Merwin]]'s]] ''The Folding Cliffs'',<ref>Merwin, W. S. ''The Folding Cliffs.''. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Press, 2001.</ref> and [[Paul Theroux|Paul Theroux]]'s]] ''Hotel Honolulu.''.<ref>Theroux, Paul. ''Hotel Honolulu.'' . Boston: Mariner Books, 2001.</ref>▼
 
Also of note is the reference in Captain [[Joshua Slocum|Captain Joshua Slocum]]'s]] ''Voyage of the Liberdade'',<ref>Slocum, Captain Joshua. ''Voyage of the Liberdade.''. New York: Dover Publications, 1998.</ref> where the term refers to a native of the Bahamas.▼
Many people in Hawaii compare the Moke to the southern "redneck" in terms of personality. Much like a "redneck", the word Moke can be used as both a pejorative term and a term of pride {{Citation needed|date=January 2009}}. Also much like a redneck, mokes may stereotypically carry an affinity for pickup trucks, pitbulls, and are construed as uneducated. Mokes also have similar stereotypes to the Mexican-American "cholo", in mannerisms and appearance.
 
The term appears in the song "[[Wot Cher! Knocked 'em in the Old Kent Road]]" (1891).
The common stereotype of a Moke is a local male of Hawaiian or other [[Pacific Islander]] descent, who speaks a form of English known as "pidgin", wears tank-top t-shirts, or no shirt, [[boardshorts]], and cheap rubber sandals (also known as the "rubba slippa"). The term also suggests a person who is needlessly aggressive in dealing with others—particularly when the "others" are Caucasians ("[[haole]]s") -- and who views violence as the first and best way to get anything he wants or in response to any perceived slight.
 
J. R. R. Tolkien uses the word in the poem "Perry the Winkle;" e.g., "then all the people went with a will, by pony, cart, or moke".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tolkien |first=J. R. R. |title=Perry Guiños (poem, with Spanish translation) |url=https://uan.nu/dti/perry1.html |access-date=2022-09-15 |website=uan.nu}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason="Autonomous University of Númenor" is a Spanish language Tolkien related blog (albeit a very interesting one).|date=October 2022}}
▲===In literature===
 
== See also ==
[[John Williams (missionary)|John William's]] ''A Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands'' (1832) is one of the earliest records of Mokes in literature. Williams, a [[missionary]] with the [[London Missionary Society]] equates mokes with "Heathen Darkness," a claim that portends the later antagonism between whites and Hawaiians over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>Williams, John. ''A Narrative of Missionary Enterprises in the South Sea Islands; with Remarks upon the Natural History of the Islands, Origin, Languages, Traditions, and Usages of the Inhabitants.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1837. p.2</ref>
 
* [[wiktionary:moke#English|Moke, definition on Wiktionary]]
▲Later portrayals include [[W. S. Merwin|W. S. Merwin's]] ''The Folding Cliffs'',<ref>Merwin, W. S. ''The Folding Cliffs.'' New York: Alfred A. Knopf Press, 2001.</ref> and [[Paul Theroux|Paul Theroux's]] ''Hotel Honolulu.''<ref>Theroux, Paul. ''Hotel Honolulu.'' Boston: Mariner Books, 2001.</ref>
* [[wiktionary:mook|Mook, definition on Wiktionary]]
 
* [[Mini Moke]], small British utility vehicle (styled "MOKE" in post-2012 [[Moke (revival)|revival version]])
▲Also of note is the reference in [[Joshua Slocum|Captain Joshua Slocum's]] ''Voyage of the Liberdade'',<ref>Slocum, Captain Joshua. ''Voyage of the Liberdade.'' New York: Dover Publications, 1998.</ref> where the term refers to a native of the Bahamas.
 
==Other uses of "Moke"==
 
By way of contrast: Within Northern Ireland, particularly South Belfast, a Moke (also known as a spide or steek) is a person of working class origin usually living in deprived parts of the city. They stereotypically tend to wear sporting attire (Nike and Adidas tracksuits) and counterfeited designer clothing.
 
A water-pipe bowl of marijuana garnished with tobacco, to preference. The slang is currently used along the I-80 corridor and the practice is popular in Davis and Sacramento with college students. Some users report feeling more ease consuming smoke in larger amounts as the tobacco assists the retention of smoke for longer periods resulting in a heightened immediate effect.
-For Shisha and Marijuana mix see ''happy hookah''<ref>Anonymous UCD student's testimony</ref>
 
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moke_(slang)"