The 1968 Mauritian riots or Bagarre raciale Plaine Verte refers to a number of violent clashes that occurred in the Port Louis neighbourhoods of Cité Martial, Bell Village, Roche Bois, St. Croix, Cité Martial and Plaine Verte as well as in the village of Madame Azor near Goodlands in Mauritius over a period of ten days, six weeks before the country's declaration of independence on 12 March 1968.
| 1968 Mauritian religious and race riots | |
|---|---|
| Date | 22 January 1968 |
| Location | Bell Village ('Venus' Cinema where there were early disturbances), Plaine Verte, Roche Bois, St. Croix & Cité Martial/ , [Western suburbs of Port Louis, Mauritius]. 20°09′37″S 57°30′54″E / 20.16028°S 57.51500°E |
| Caused by | Gangs supported by politicians, namely Gaëtan Duval and Alex Rima of the PMSD, attacked, provoked and killed Creoles and Indo-Mauritian Muslims. |
| Methods | Race riots, looting, protests, street fights. |
| Resulted in | Unconfirmed number of dead Hundreds injured Thousands driven from their homes. |
The riot manifested as an open communal conflict between Creoles and Indo-Mauritian Muslims, and had its roots in gang rivalry, communal tensions caused by politicians, and uncertainties about the country's future given the imminence of independence from Britain.[1][2][3]
Uncertainty caused by Independence
editPolitical tension was high at the time due to uncertainty about the economic and political future of Mauritius after the departure of the British. About half of the population was against independence due to concerns that they might lose out in the new government.[4][5]
Involvement of gangs and politicians
editThe authorities viewed the riot as being partially the result of rivalries between the ‘Istanbul’ Muslim gang and their Creole rival gangs ‘Texas’ and Mafia in Port Louis which had been exacerbated by political uncertainty due to the imminent advent of independence. Each gang had connections with affluent politicians of the time, namely those of the PMSD and CAM. At the August 1967 elections eminent members of the Labour-CAM-IFB, such as Abdool Razack Mohamed and Michael Leal had lost their seats to their rivals of the PMSD.[6] The gang clashes led to the deaths of a Muslim and a Christian which sparked a spiral of violence in the communities.[6][7]
Escalation of violence
editThe 1968 riots were the worst period of social turmoil in Mauritius since the Uba riots of 1937, 1943 Belle Vue Harel Massacre, 1965 Mauritius race riots and 1967 Port Louis riots. At least 29 people died, 597 houses were looted, 246 homes were set on fire, and 700 families were displaced before British troops and unprepared Mauritian police quelled the fighting.[8] Prior to the riots the neighbourhoods of Cité Martial and Plaine Verte had been ethnically mixed areas for over a hundred years. The riots resulted in the two communities becoming ethnically heterogeneous communities.[5][9] The true death toll of these riots is believed to be much higher than the official report of 29 deaths as newspapers refrained from providing names and details of the victims to prevent an aggravation of racial tensions. Known victims include Abu Soobratty (Abu Bakar Noorani), Rajack Joghee, Abbas Peerbhoy, Hermann Bangard, Karl Berger, Daniel Sylvio, Renaud Legallant, Cyril Cangy, and Maris Sylvio.[10][11]
Restoration of peace
editOrder was restored by a company of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry called in from Singapore after a state of emergency was declared by Governor Sir John Shaw Rennie on 22 January 1968 and lasted for ten days.[4][12] In their effort to restore order the British deployed three Bell H-13 Sioux helicopters and around 150 troops.[5] Violence was contained to the urban areas of Port Louis and did not spread to the rest of the island.[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Port Louis - Rioting against Independence at the General Elections of 1967 - Vintage Mauritius". Vintage Mauritius. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ Moorghen, Shanda. "#50ansMoris: des bagarres raciales à l'assaut de l'île Maurice indépendante". L'Express. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
- ^ "Ce qui perturbe l'aharmonie de notre île, ces sontdes incidents isolés". 5Plus. Retrieved 27 January 2008.
- ^ a b "HISTORY : Independence and post-colonial Mauritius (1968-1982) - Le Mauricien". Le Mauricien. 30 March 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b c d "An eye witness account of the 1968 riots". www.mauritiusmag.com. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ a b "An eye witness account of the 1968 riots". www.mauritiusmag.com. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ Ramasawmy-Mohun, Ledweena. "Bagarre raciale de 1968 : le couple Jowree 50 ans après". Defimedia. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ "Mauritius - Independent Mauritius". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- ^ Ramasawmy-Mohun, Ledweena. "Bagarre raciale de 1968 : le couple Jowree 50 ans après". Defimedia. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ Prosper, Lindsay; Melidor, Laëtitia; Denmamode, Yasin; Bhoobdasur, Hansini; Mestry, Anne-Lise. "#50ansMoris: bagarre de 1968, les oubliés de l'histoire". L'Express. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ^ "Hier à Pailles: Hazra Gaffoor, le secret de longévité de "Banon Mowsi"". Le Mauricien. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "EISA Mauritius: The road to independence (1945-1968)". www.eisa.org.za. Retrieved 15 August 2018.