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Wikipedia

2023 IndyCar Series

The 2023 NTT IndyCar Series was the 112th official championship season of American open wheel racing and the 28th season under IndyCar Series sanction. The showcase event was the 107th Indianapolis 500, which was won by Josef Newgarden.

2023 IndyCar season
NTT IndyCar Series
Season
Races17
Start dateMarch 5
End dateSeptember 10
Awards
Drivers' championSpain Álex Palou
Manufacturers' CupUnited States Chevrolet
Rookie of the YearNew Zealand Marcus Armstrong
Indianapolis 500 winnerUnited States Josef Newgarden
← 2022
2024 →
Álex Palou (left) won the IndyCar Series championship for the second time; Scott Dixon (right) finished second in points.

Álex Palou, driving for Chip Ganassi Racing, won his second championship, with his first coming in 2021. The victory was also the 15th for Chip Ganassi Racing. Palou secured the championship at the penultimate round of the season in Portland, the first time a driver had won the championship before the season finale since Sébastien Bourdais' championship victory in the 2007 Champ Car World Series.[1]

Background and series news

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Will Power of Team Penske entered the season as the reigning drivers' champion, having won the title at the final round in Laguna Seca by 16 points over his teammate Josef Newgarden. Defending Indianapolis 500 winner Marcus Ericsson entered 2023 in a contract year for Chip Ganassi Racing.[2] In February 2023, 2013 Indianapolis 500 winner and 2004 IndyCar Series champion Tony Kanaan announced that he would retire from IndyCar after the Indianapolis 500.[3]

The 2023 season saw several marketing changes intended to increase domestic viewership of the series.[4][5] On December 8, 2022, the CW Network announced a reality documentary series titled 100 Days to Indy,[6] which would premiere on April 27, 2023.[7] Produced by Vice Media, Penske Entertainment president Mark Miles noted that Penske Entertainment would receive some monetary compensation in return for facilitating behind-the-scenes access.[8] In February 2023, it was confirmed that the series organizer, Penske Entertainment Corp., planned for a marketing budget of approximately US$17 million focusing on 20 markets deemed important by series leadership.[5] In February 2023, it was reported by Marshall Pruett of Racer.com that the annual Leader's Circle contracts earned by entries which compete in the full season would be reduced by $150,000 each to a value of $910,000. The money was allocated towards the Series' marketing budget.[9]

In addition to these changes by the series, new sponsorships were announced including that Shell USA would replace Speedway LLC as an official fuel partner and supplier, with the series introducing a 100% renewable fuel.[10]

On February 2, 2023, the championship's sanctioning body announced that the Indianapolis 500 would no longer be a double points-paying race, ending a rule that was first established in 2014.[11]

In addition to criticism about series marketing faced after the 2022 season,[5] Penske Entertainment faced criticism when 2022 Indy Lights champion Linus Lundqvist was unable to obtain a seat for the 2023 IndyCar season. In response to this, PEC added $350,000 to the champions advancement prize for the now-renamed 2023 Indy NXT.[12] Lundqvist would later make his IndyCar debut as a mid-season injury substitute at Nashville.[13]

The series' tire supplier Firestone announced the expanded use of tires made from guayule rubber as the "alternate" tire (which must be used for at least two green-flag laps every race) for all street circuit races,[14] and introduced alternate tires on an oval for the first time at WWTR.[15]

The 2023 season was scheduled to be the final season using the current 2.2-liter V6 twin-turbocharged engine formula that made its debut in the 2012 season. A new 2.4-liter V6 twin-turbocharged hybrid engine formula was meant to debut in the series from 2024 onwards.[16] However, on December 6, 2022, it was announced that these plans would be put on hold and the hybrid technology will instead be implemented on the current 2.2-liter engines for 2024.[17]

Confirmed entries

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The following teams, entries, and drivers competed in the 2023 NTT IndyCar Series season. All teams used a spec Dallara IR18 chassis with universal aero kit and Firestone tires.

Team Engine No. Driver(s) Round(s)
Abel Motorsports Chevrolet 50   R. C. Enerson  R [18] 6
A. J. Foyt Enterprises[N 1] Chevrolet 14   Santino Ferrucci[19] All
55   Benjamin Pedersen  R [20][21] All
Andretti Autosport with Curb-Agajanian Honda 26   Colton Herta[22] All
Andretti Autosport 27   Kyle Kirkwood[23] All
28   Romain Grosjean[24] All
Andretti Steinbrenner Autosport 29   Devlin DeFrancesco[25] All
Andretti Herta Autosport with Marco Andretti and Curb-Agajanian 98   Marco Andretti[26] 6
Arrow McLaren[27] Chevrolet 5   Pato O'Ward[28] All
6   Felix Rosenqvist[29] All
7   Alexander Rossi[30] All
66   Tony Kanaan[31] 6
Chip Ganassi Racing[32] Honda 8   Marcus Ericsson[32] All
9   Scott Dixon[33] All
10   Álex Palou[34] All
11   Marcus Armstrong  R [35] 1, 3–5, 7–10, 13–14, 16–17
  Takuma Sato[36][37] 2, 6, 11–12, 15
Dale Coyne Racing with HMD Motorsports Honda 18   David Malukas[38] All
Dale Coyne Racing with Rick Ware Racing 51   Sting Ray Robb  R [39] All
Dreyer & Reinbold Racing Chevrolet 23   Ryan Hunter-Reay[40] 6
Dreyer & Reinbold Racing / Cusick Motorsports 24   Stefan Wilson  R [41] 6
  Graham Rahal[42] 6
Ed Carpenter Racing Chevrolet 20   Conor Daly[43] 1–7
  Ryan Hunter-Reay[44] 8–17
21   Rinus VeeKay[43] All
33   Ed Carpenter[45][46] 2, 6, 11–12, 15
Juncos Hollinger Racing[47] Chevrolet 77   Callum Ilott[48] All
78   Agustín Canapino  R [49] All
Meyer Shank Racing[N 2] Honda 06   Hélio Castroneves[50] All
60   Simon Pagenaud[51][52] 1–9
  Conor Daly[53][54] 9, 11–12
  Tom Blomqvist  R [55][52] 10, 16–17
  Linus Lundqvist  R [13] 13–15
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing Honda 15   Graham Rahal[56] All
30   Jack Harvey[57] 1–14
  Conor Daly[58] 15
  Jüri Vips  R [59] 16–17
44   Katherine Legge[60] 6
45   Christian Lundgaard[57] All
Team Penske Chevrolet 2   Josef Newgarden[61] All
3   Scott McLaughlin[62] All
12   Will Power[61][63] All
R Eligible for Rookie of the Year

Álex Palou contract dispute

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On July 12, 2022, Chip Ganassi Racing sent a press release saying that they had extended the contract of Álex Palou for the 2023 IndyCar season by exercising the option they held on his deal. Included in the press release was a quote attributed to Palou.[64] Hours later, Palou, via a thread on Twitter denounced this press release, claimed that the quote attributed to him was created by the team (a practice common among IndyCar teams, according to RACER.com's Marshall Pruett[65]) and also not approved by him. He also stated that he had given Chip Ganassi Racing prior notice that he intended to leave the team after the 2022 season and join McLaren Racing's roster of drivers.[66] Moments after these tweets, McLaren announced that they had signed Palou to a contract for 2023, though it was not specifically mentioned if Palou would drive for Arrow McLaren SP, McLaren's IndyCar operation.[66][65] Chip Ganassi Racing responded to this by releasing a statement reiterating their claim to Palou's services.[67] On July 27, 2022, Chip Ganassi Racing confirmed they had filed a civil lawsuit against Palou in Marion County, Indiana.[68] On September 14, 2022, it was announced that an agreement had been reached by all parties that would see Palou continue with Chip Ganassi for the 2023 season, and McLaren subsequently confirmed Felix Rosenqvist would be returning to AMSP.[29]

Driver changes

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Preseason

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Midseason

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  • On March 15, 2023, Dreyer & Reinbold Racing announced that 2014 Indianapolis 500 winner Ryan Hunter-Reay will drive the No. 23 entry in the Indianapolis 500.[40]
  • On May 22, 2023, Dreyer & Reinbold Racing / Cusick Motorsports driver Stefan Wilson was injured in a crash during practice for the Indianapolis 500 and was not medically cleared to continue in the event. On May 23, Graham Rahal, whose regular Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing entry was bumped from the field, was confirmed as Wilson's injury replacement.[72]
  • On June 7, 2023, Ed Carpenter Racing confirmed that it had parted ways with driver Conor Daly.[73] The following day, the team announced that Ryan Hunter-Reay had been signed to drive the No. 20 through the remainder of the season.[74]
  • On July 2, 2023, Meyer Shank Racing driver Simon Pagenaud was not medically cleared to race following a crash in practice the previous day at Mid-Ohio. Conor Daly was confirmed to substitute for Pagenaud for the race at Mid-Ohio and for the doubleheader rounds at Iowa. MSR IMSA driver Tom Blomqvist substituted at Toronto, making his IndyCar debut. 2022 Indy Lights champion Linus Lundqvist substituted at Nashville (also making his IndyCar debut), the second Indy Road Course Race and the race at WWTR. On August 28, it was confirmed that Pagenaud wouldn't return to the No. 60 for the rest of the season, and Blomqvist will be subbing at the last two rounds of the season at Portland & Laguna Seca.[53][55][54][13][52]
  • On August 15, 2023, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing announced that it had parted ways with driver Jack Harvey and would use the final 3 races of the season to evaluate other talent, starting with Conor Daly for the following race at WWTR.[58] On August 28, 2023, it was announced that former FIA Formula 2 driver Jüri Vips would run in the No. 30 for the final two races of the year at Portland and Laguna Seca.[59]

Team changes

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Preseason

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  • On September 7, 2022, Juncos Hollinger Racing announced that they would expand to two entries. On January 12, 2023, they confirmed Agustín Canapino as the full-time driver of the No. 78.[47][49]
  • On September 20, 2022, Taylor Kiel announced that he was leaving his role as president of Arrow McLaren SP on his own volition with immediate effect.[75]
  • On September 23, 2022, Arrow McLaren SP confirmed they had hired Brian Barnhart in a to-be-defined role. On October 4, the team announced Barnhart's role would be general manager, while also naming Gavin Ward to the position of race director, splitting the duties of former president Kiel. Barnhart departed Andretti Autosport after serving as race strategist for James Hinchcliffe and Alexander Rossi.[27]
  • On October 31, 2022, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing co-owner Bobby Rahal told Racer.com's Marshall Pruett that the team will run a fourth entry at the Indianapolis 500.[76] On February 9, 2023, the team confirmed that Katherine Legge will drive the No. 44 entry, making her first IndyCar Series appearance since 2013.[60]
  • On November 15, 2022, Chip Ganassi Racing's managing director Mike Hull told Racer.com's Marshall Pruett that the team had hired Taylor Kiel (Hull's stepson) as team manager, filling a void left by promoting Mike O'Gara to run the team's sports car racing entries.[77]
  • On November 23, 2022, Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing announced a driver swap amongst their Nos. 30 and 45 entries. Christian Lundgaard would drive the No. 45 and Jack Harvey the No. 30 with the change being done for sponsorship reasons.[57]
  • On December 12, 2022, Arrow McLaren SP announced a rebrand that would take effect for the 2023 season, removing the "SP" wordmark to become "Arrow McLaren".[78]
  • On January 19, 2023, A. J. Foyt Racing initially confirmed that Benjamin Pedersen would drive the No. 88 entry, having left out a number in Pedersen's confirmation announcement and choosing the number in honor of owner A. J. Foyt's 88th birthday.[79] However, on January 27, 2023, the team released a statement saying that Pedersen would drive the No. 55 after they were made aware of an ideological connotation to the combination of entries numbered "14" and "88".[80]

Midseason

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  • On August 22, 2023, A. J. Foyt Racing and Team Penske confirmed the formation of a technical alliance, with the Foyt team using Penske-supplied dampers and engineering support beginning at WWTR, with future plans for Penske to assign younger crew-people and engineers and development drivers within the Foyt team.[81]

Schedule

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The schedule was released on September 27, 2022.[82] In October 2022, IndyCar announced three open tests for the 2023 season.[83][84]

Rd. Race name Track Location Date
1 Firestone Grand Prix of St. Petersburg presented by RP Funding  S  Streets of St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, Florida March 5[85]
2 PPG 375  O  Texas Motor Speedway Fort Worth, Texas April 2[86][87]
3 Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach  S  Streets of Long Beach Long Beach, California April 16[88]
4 Children's of Alabama Indy Grand Prix  R  Barber Motorsports Park Birmingham, Alabama April 30
5 GMR Grand Prix  R  Indianapolis Motor Speedway Road Course Speedway, Indiana May 13[89]
6 107th Running of the Indianapolis 500 presented by Gainbridge  O  Indianapolis Motor Speedway May 28[89]
7 Chevrolet Detroit Grand Prix presented by Lear  S  Streets of Detroit Detroit, Michigan June 4[90]
8 Sonsio Grand Prix at Road America presented by AMR  R  Road America Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin June 18
9 Honda Indy 200 at Mid-Ohio presented by the 2023 Accord Hybrid  R  Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course Lexington, Ohio July 2
10 Honda Indy Toronto  S  Exhibition Place Toronto, Ontario July 16[91]
11 Hy-Vee Homefront 250 presented by Instacart  O  Iowa Speedway Newton, Iowa July 22
12 Hy-Vee One Step 250 presented by Gatorade July 23
13 Big Machine Music City Grand Prix  S  Nashville Street Circuit Nashville, Tennessee August 6[92]
14 Gallagher Grand Prix  R  Indianapolis Motor Speedway Road Course Speedway, Indiana August 12[93]
15 Bommarito Automotive Group 500  O  World Wide Technology Raceway Madison, Illinois August 27
16 BitNile.com Grand Prix of Portland  R  Portland International Raceway Portland, Oregon September 3[94]
17 Firestone Grand Prix of Monterey  R  WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca Monterey, California September 10[95]

 O  Oval/Speedway
 R  Road course
 S  Street circuit

Season report

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Opening rounds

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The 2023 IndyCar season began around the Streets of St. Petersburg with Andretti's Romain Grosjean taking pole position. A six-car pileup on the opening lap caused a red flag. Grosjean maintained his lead through the first part of the race, ahead of his team-mate Colton Herta, who was the first of the lead group to pit. The pitstops of the alternate tire runners left Penske's Scott McLaughlin in the lead, before he also came in and had a battle with Grosjean that was stopped by a caution caused by ECR's Conor Daly. McLaughlin and Grosjean then gapped the field, before their second stops brought a reiteration of their battle out the pits. This time it ended in tears, though, when McLaughlin locked up his cold tires into turn one, sending both cars into the wall and promoting McLaren's Pato O'Ward into the lead. The Mexican looked set to win the race, before a sudden power issue caused his car to briefly slow, allowing CGR's Marcus Ericsson into the lead to claim the race win ahead of O'Ward and CGR's Scott Dixon.[96]

McLaren's Felix Rosenqvist took pole position for the PPG 375, but quickly fell down to fifth at the start. Penske's Josef Newgarden took the lead ahead of CGR's Scott Dixon and held first place until CGR driver Takuma Sato hit the wall on lap 45. His teammate Álex Palou benefitted, jumping up to second at the restart and managing to take the lead, albeit only for two laps before Newgarden was back in front and O'Ward in second. A round of stops later, O'Ward took the lead on lap 129, before a caution put both leaders into fuel-saving mode. Two more cautions then set up an exciting finish: O'Ward led Palou and Newgarden, with five more cars right behind on the lead lap. Newgarden took the lead on lap 242, before multiple close battles were halted when Grosjean's fight with DCR's David Malukas sent the Frenchman into the wall. Newgarden took the win under yellow flag conditions, while O'Ward had to settle for second ahead of Palou. His two second places still handed O'Ward the championship lead ahead of Ericsson.[97]

The Acura Grand Prix of Long Beach saw Andretti's Kyle Kirkwood lead from pole position, keeping the lead from Ericsson and Grosjean throughout the opening stint. The leaders then pitted under caution after O'Ward's stern defense sent Dixon into the wall. A fast pitstop promoted Newgarden to second place, before carnage ensued on the restart: Agustín Canapino had stayed on track in his Juncos car to claim the lead and acted as a roadblock for Kirkwood as Newgarden jumped past both cars into the lead. But Kirkwood did not lose his cool in second place. He kept close to Newgarden all throughout the next stint, and stayed out one lap longer to complete an overcut and reclaim first place. Grosjean also overcut Newgarden and soon began hassling Kirkwood. Over the final ten laps, Grosjean could not find a way by Kirkwood, and the American clinched his maiden win. Ericsson completed the podium and reclaimed the championship lead, 15 points ahead of O'Ward, who finished down in 17th after his tussle with Dixon.[98]

Round four was held at Barber Motorsports Park, and Grosjean took pole position, while O'Ward took second from Palou at the start. The lead group extended their stints to make the race on two stops, but many cars committed to three-stopping. Newgarden, McLaughlin and McLaren's Alexander Rossi led that strategy. McLaughlin then benefitted from Sting Ray Robb parking his DCR car with an issue, as he was able to stop before the pits were closed. This caution meant both strategies had one more stop to make, with the two-stoppers having to save much more fuel. This put the initiative toward the three-stoppers, with McLaughlin taking the lead coming out the pits. Grosjean pressured him his whole outlap, before squeezing past him. The pair then continued their battle, with McLaughlin eventually coming out on top when Grosjean ran wide on lap 72. Penske's Will Power had started eleventh, but made his strategy work brilliantly to finish third. O'Ward came fourth to reduce the championship lead to only three points.[99]

The month of May began with the GMR Grand Prix. RLL's Christian Lundgaard took pole position, but had to concede the lead to Palou during the opening lap. After the first round of stops, Lundgaard was able to get back ahead, but was then hindered by his teammate Graham Rahal, who had not yet pitted. This allowed Palou to get back in front. O'Ward came into play during the second round of stops, when he stopped one lap earlier and undercut Lundgaard and Palou. Both drivers then got back past him, but Lundgaard was unable to keep up with Palou. The Spaniard pulled a gap to the rest of the field until the final round of stops began. O'Ward managed to overtake Lundgaard shortly before their stops and then stayed out longer to try the overcut on Palou. This did not work, and Palou easily pulled a gap on the rest of the field to win by over 16 seconds. Lundgaard had to cede the final podium position to Rossi, while Ericsson had to cede his championship lead to Palou, who now led O'Ward by six points.[100]

The 107th Running of the Indianapolis 500 began with Palou taking pole position. He and ECR's Rinus VeeKay controlled the early stages of the race, before the two McLarens of O'Ward and Rosenqvist took the first two spots. During the next round of pit stops, happening under caution, VeeKay drifted into Palou's car, eliminating both from contention. The McLarens swapped the lead every three laps to save fuel, with O'Ward eventually in front, before Rosenqvist hit the wall and clipped Kirkwood, flipping him and sending him into the wall hard. The race was stopped, and only one lap after the restart the red flags were out again when O'Ward tried to attack Ericsson for the lead and also crashed. The second restart also only lasted one lap before another multi-car accident, leaving the field with a one-lap shootout for the win. There, Newgarden got past Ericsson to win the Indy 500, with Foyt's Santino Ferrucci in third. The late restart drew criticism from media and fans, with some calling it farcical.[101][102]

Mid-season rounds

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The Detroit Grand Prix was moved back to downtown Detroit, and Palou took pole position on the new circuit. Juncos's Callum Ilott crashed into Kirkwood in the first corner, while Grosjean was able to move up to second. Power was the next to make moves in the lead group, having risen up to second by lap 22. The leading pair traded the lead during their stops, but Palou was back in front by lap 40. Both O'Ward and Newgarden dropped out of contention after issues during their pit stops. After two back-to-back cautions, Power claimed the lead when Palou had an electronic issue during the restart. Palou then pressured Power until the latter made a mistake on lap 66 and dropped back to second. Two more cautions did not trouble Palou, while Power was clipped by Dixon, initially dropping him back, but he was able to come through again to finish second. Rosenqvist claimed second place on the penultimate round. Palou's win allowed him to extend his championship lead ahead of Newgarden in second.[103]

Herta started the Grand Prix at Road America on pole position and maintained his lead ahead of Palou and O'Ward, before the latter dropped down and promoted CGR's Marcus Armstrong to third. This order remained until the first round of stops, under caution, where Newgarden overtook Armstrong in the pit lane. He then got into second when Palou ran wide, before another caution ushered in the second round of stops. Palou's pit crew delivered, helping him skip past Newgarden and Herta into the lead. While Newgarden dropped back on the restart, Herta was able to get back into the lead. He had the least fuel of all the front runners, so had to pit first and then save the most in the final stint. This left him defenseless against the cars behind and saw him drop back to finish the race fifth. Palou took his second consecutive win, ahead of Newgarden and O'Ward, who had both managed their fuel situation better than Herta. Palou now led the championship by 74 points over Newgarden.[104]

At the Honda Indy 200, Herta bounced back from his demise to take another pole position, this time ahead of Rahal. Palou, who had started fourth, overtook Kirkwood for third and then overcut both leaders, while Rahal suffered a pitstop issue that dropped out of contention and allowed Dixon into third place. Palou then began gapping the field, before becoming stuck behind Foyt's Benjamin Pedersen, the last car on the lead lap, who defended heavily to not get lapped. This almost brought Herta back towards Palou's rear, before the latter finally got past Pedersen. During the second round of stops, Herta was then hit with a pit lane speeding penalty that dropped him down to eleventh place. This promoted Power onto the podium when O'Ward, who had started down in 25th and was on a different strategy, pitted for a third time. Palou held on to a comfortable gap and led Dixon home in a CGR 1–2 to win his third consecutive race - pad his championship lead to 110 points, while Dixon overtook Newgarden for second in the standings.[105]

IndyCar's only abroad race around the streets of Toronto saw Lundgaard take pole position in a wet-dry qualifying. An eight-car pileup on the first lap did not disturb him as he led until his first stop, after which he got stuck behind traffic. He had to fight his way up the order, before the cars around him also started to pit. This put him back into the lead, ahead of McLaughlin, who was on a different strategy, and O'Ward. Then, two consecutive cautions jumbled up the order as many cars elected to take their second stop. McLaughlin led Dixon and VeeKay at the restart, while Lundgaard was sixth. A few overtakes and most of the lead group having to pit again then handed the lead back to Lundgaard, and he did not give it away again. Second place was Palou, who had started 15th, but drove a great race and benefitted hugely from the cautions. Herta came third, after not finding a way past Palou despite the latter driving with a damaged front wing for almost half the race. Palou increased his lead over Dixon to 117 points.[106]

Power took a pair of pole positions at the Iowa double-header. The Homefront 250 began with a Penske 1-2-3 of Power, Newgarden and McLaughlin that kept in front throughout the first two stints until lap 83, when the trio began disputing the race lead. Newgarden overtook McLaughlin and spent twenty laps battling Power until he finally got past on lap 121. Then began the second round of stops, and Power began struggling for pace, culminating in him touching the wall and dropping to fourth. This promoted O'Ward to third, before a caution came out when Rahal crashed. Power's pace was back after the restart and he fought back past Ericsson into fourth, but could not get past O'Ward. McLaughlin in second managed to shrink the lead gap all the way down to two seconds during the final stint, but Newgarden prevailed in the end to take his second victory of the season. Championship leader Palou finished eighth, his lowest result of the season, and saw his standings lead shrink to 98 points ahead of newly second-placed Newgarden.[107]

A day later, the One Step 250 started in similar fashion, with Power ahead of McLaughlin. Newgarden started seventh and wasted no time to get up the order: by lap 26 he was in third, and then he overtook both his teammates on lap 32 to take the lead. After the first round of stops, the familiar Penske trio was up in front, before Dixon took third. This top three then remained across the next two stints, when McLaughlin pitted under caution to take fresh tires. This saw him rocket up the order, while Newgarden had to defend from Power. Rosenqvist was able to jump Dixon at this time, before the final round of pit stops began. There, Power was held up and had to relinquish second to Rosenqvist. The Swede attacked Newgarden, but could not get past. A late caution set up a three-lap shootout where Rosenqvist was jumped by Power, causing him to slip down the order and gifting Palou third place. This meant Palou only lost 18 points to Newgarden, whose fifth straight oval win brought him 80 points behind Palou.[108]

Closing rounds

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McLaughlin took pole for the Music City Grand Prix and led O'Ward and Herta in the opening stages, before a sudden rear wing collapse for Malukas brought out the first caution. O'Ward ran into McLaughlin's back on the restart while Herta touched the wall and dropped down the order. Both Kirkwood and Grosjean overcut McLaughlin, while Palou had been the only leading car to pit under caution, promoting him to the race lead after the first round of stops. This meant that he had to stop earlier than the cars around him, and also gave him a hefty fuel saving goal to hit. Kirkwood was able to make the overcut work once again, together with McLauhglin. A late caution for Linus Lundqvist, making his debut at MSR as an injury substitute for Simon Pagenaud, and a subsequent red flag after the restart helped Palou to meet his fuel saving goals. He therefore avoided having to stop again and secured third, while Kirkwood took his second win. Palou's closest title rival Newgarden came home fourth, so the championship gap grew again, to 84 points.[109]

Next up was the Gallagher Grand Prix, that began with Rahal on pole position and drama on the first lap: Andretti's Devlin DeFrancesco made a brilliant move from fifth to the lead at the start, before championship chasers Newgarden and Dixon crashed and spun respectively at turn seven. DeFrancesco soon tumbled down the order, leaving Rahal to lead from Rossi. A round of stops did not change the order of the leaders, but Lundgaard in third was fastest at this stage, taking second and beginning to put pressure on Rahal. While the lead battle brewed, Dixon had quietly worked his way up the order. Having pitted after his spin on lap one, his completely different strategy and an extra set of tires he hadn't used in qualifying were paying out. When Rahal pitted for the final time, he came out in second, five seconds behind Dixon. Rahal was gaining on him, but could not find a way by in the end, leaving him to take second ahead of O'Ward. Newgarden's crash saw him finish 25th, as he was overtaken by Dixon in the standings, now 101 points behind Palou.[110]

The final oval race of the season was held at World Wide Technology Raceway. McLaughlin won qualifying, but Newgarden started on pole position. He led Herta, before Malukas got by into second and the first round of pit stops began. O'Ward was the fastest car on track during the second stint, climbing up to second, but not finding a way by Newgarden. Dixon had started 16th, but ran longest before pitting in the first two stints, so inherited the lead when the leaders pitted. He was then able to stop under caution when Sato retired, allowing him to keep his lead and aligning his strategy with the cars around him. O'Ward undercut Newgarden for second at the next stops, and when Newgarden tried to return the favor at the next stop, he hit the wall and broke his suspension. This left Dixon without any opposition to take another remarkable win ahead of O'Ward, while Malukas took his second career podium, both coming at WWTR. Dixon was now the only driver in contention to take the title from Palou, having shortened the lead to 74 points.[111]

The penultimate round was the Grand Prix of Portland, where Rahal won pole position from McLaughlin and Herta. By the first caution on lap 7, Palou had made up two positions from fifth to third. When the leading duo pitted, they got caught in traffic, while Palou stayed out on his primary tires. He and Dixon behind him could push in clean air, and that resulted in the race lead once the pit stops had cycled through. Dixon appeared faster than Palou during that stage as Palou had to conserve his tires, but this time Palou pitted first to extend his lead to Dixon once again. A caution then brought Rosenqvist right behind Dixon, as he was able to stop before the pits closed and therefore jumped Dixon. Palou defended from Rosenqvist on the final restart and controlled the race to win and take his second championship. This was the first time the championship was clinched prior to the final round since Sébastien Bourdais won in 2007. Dixon's third place secured his second place in the standings, earning his team a 1–2 in the championship.[112]

Rosenqvist took pole position in his final race for McLaren at Laguna Seca. Right at the start, a multi-car collision set the tone for the rest of the race. Palou picked up the lead, before another caution came out and held off Rosenqvist, until the Swede got spun around by Ericsson to trigger another yellow. What followed were multiple restarts that all only lasted for a few laps at most, with most of them being called off almost immediately when cars collided either at the final turn or into turn two. Many cars took turns to lead a few laps, before electing to pit or dropping back during one of the restarts. The eighth and final caution ended with 17 laps to go, and Dixon led from McLaughlin, Ilott and Palou. The latter immediately took third place, and the trio came home in that order. With the final race, Chevrolet secured the Manufacturers' Cup, while Armstrong took eighth place to win Rookie of the Year honors. Further down, Canapino held on to 14th to secure the final spot in the Leaders Circle.[113]

Álex Palou's second championship was his most dominant yet, 78 points ahead of teammate Dixon, whose tally of 578 points was more than Palou got during his first championship year - despite the Indy 500 not awarding double points in 2023. While Dixon seemed to come alive in the final stretch of the season, winning three of the last four races, it was too late to keep Palou from winning the title. Too strong had his mid-season form been, winning three straight races and always bouncing back from bad luck. Crucial moments like his collision with VeeKay during a pit stop at the Indy 500, where he managed to salvage fourth place afterwards, further contributed to his dominant title. Last years' second placed driver Newgarden could not transfer his overwhelming oval pace to other circuit types, while the reigning champion Power was not able to win a single race and came seventh, a far cry from his 2022 form.

Results

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Rd. Race Pole position Fastest lap Most laps led Race winner Report
Driver Team Manufacturer
1 St. Petersburg   Romain Grosjean   Álex Palou   Scott McLaughlin   Marcus Ericsson Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
2 Texas   Felix Rosenqvist   Pato O'Ward   Josef Newgarden   Josef Newgarden Team Penske Chevrolet Report
3 Long Beach   Kyle Kirkwood   Álex Palou   Kyle Kirkwood   Kyle Kirkwood Andretti Autosport Honda Report
4 Birmingham   Romain Grosjean   Will Power   Romain Grosjean   Scott McLaughlin Team Penske Chevrolet Report
5 IMS GMR GP   Christian Lundgaard   Álex Palou   Álex Palou   Álex Palou Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
6 Indianapolis 500   Álex Palou   David Malukas   Pato O'Ward   Josef Newgarden Team Penske Chevrolet Report
7 Detroit   Álex Palou   Kyle Kirkwood   Álex Palou   Álex Palou Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
8 Road America   Colton Herta   Will Power   Colton Herta   Álex Palou Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
9 Mid-Ohio   Colton Herta   Felix Rosenqvist   Álex Palou   Álex Palou Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
10 Toronto   Christian Lundgaard   Christian Lundgaard   Christian Lundgaard   Christian Lundgaard Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing Honda Report
11 Iowa 1   Will Power   Scott McLaughlin   Josef Newgarden   Josef Newgarden Team Penske Chevrolet Report
12 Iowa 2   Will Power   Will Power   Josef Newgarden   Josef Newgarden Team Penske Chevrolet
13 Nashville   Scott McLaughlin   Linus Lundqvist   Kyle Kirkwood   Kyle Kirkwood Andretti Autosport Honda Report
14 IMS Gallagher GP   Graham Rahal   Graham Rahal   Graham Rahal   Scott Dixon Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
15 Gateway   Scott McLaughlin[N 3]   Linus Lundqvist   Scott Dixon   Scott Dixon Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
16 Portland   Graham Rahal   Josef Newgarden   Álex Palou   Álex Palou Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report
17 Laguna Seca   Felix Rosenqvist   Álex Palou   Álex Palou   Scott Dixon Chip Ganassi Racing Honda Report

Points standings

edit
Further information: List of American Championship car racing point scoring systems
  • Ties were broken by number of wins, followed by number of 2nds, 3rds, etc.; then by finishing position in the previous race; then by random draw.[114]
Position  1st   2nd   3rd   4th   5th   6th   7th   8th   9th   10th   11th   12th   13th   14th   15th   16th   17th   18th   19th   20th   21st   22nd   23rd   24th   25th+ 
Points 50 40 35 32 30 28 26 24 22 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5

Driver standings

edit
  • At all races except the Indy 500, the pole position qualifier earned 1 point (unless qualifying is not held).[115] The twelve Indy 500 qualifiers who qualified for the fast 12 session received points based on the results of that session, descending from 12 points for first place.[116]
  • Drivers who led at least one race lap were awarded 1 point.[117] The driver who led the most laps during a race scored an additional 2 points.[117]
  • Entrant-initiated engine change-outs before the engine reached their required distance run resulted in the loss of 10 points.[118]
Pos Driver STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG Pts[119]
1   Álex Palou 8 3L 5L 5 1L* 41L 1L* 1L 1L* 2 8L 3 3L 7 7 1L* 3L* 656
2   Scott Dixon 3L 5L 27 7 6L 66 4 4 2L 4L 6 6L 5 1L 1L* 3L 1L 578
3   Scott McLaughlin 13L* 6 10 1L 16 14 7 8 5 6L 2 5L 2L 8 5 9 2 488
4   Pato O'Ward 2L 2L 17 4 2L 245L* 26L 3 8 8 3 10 8 3 2L 4 9L 484
5   Josef Newgarden 17 1L* 9L 15L 7 1L 10L 2 12 5 1L* 1L* 4 25 25L 5 21 479
6   Marcus Ericsson 1L 8 3 10 8L 210L 9L 6 27 11L 4 9L 7L 10 10 7 15 438
7   Will Power 7 16 6 3L 12 2312L 2L 13L 3L 14 5L 2L 10L 6 9L 25 4 425
8   Christian Lundgaard 9 19 14 6 4L 19 16 7 4 1L* 20 13 9 4L 17 11 6 390
9   Alexander Rossi 4 22 22 8 3L 57L 5L 10 10 16 10 15 19 5 4L 20 7 375
10   Colton Herta 20 7L 4 14 9 9L 11 5L* 11L 3 19 7 21 13 6L 13 23L 356
11   Kyle Kirkwood 15 27 1L* 12 14 28 6L 9 17 15 7 11 1L* 9 15 10 25 352
12   Felix Rosenqvist 19 26L 7 9 5L 273L 3 20 25 10 13 4L 22 27 8 2L 19L 324
13   Romain Grosjean 18L 14L 2 2L* 11 30 24 25 13 22 11 12 6L 18 12 27 11L 296
14   Rinus VeeKay 21 11 26 16 13 102L 18 12 15 13 17 18 14 11 11 6 18 277
15   Graham Rahal 6 24 12 17 10L 221 25 11 7L 9 28 20 15 2L* 20 12L 27 276
16   Callum Ilott 5 9 19 13 18 12L 27 18 16 18 15 14 12 17 27 15 5 266
17   David Malukas 10L 4 20 19 26 29 23 27 6 20 12 8 27 16 3 8L 20 265
18   Hélio Castroneves 23 10 21 21 22 15L 19 15 21 21 14 16 11 15 23 14 13 217
19   Santino Ferrucci 24 21 11 20 23 34L 21 16 24 17 26 22 18 23 13 16 17 214
20   Marcus Armstrong  RY  11 8 11 15 8 24L 9 7 13 24 19 8 214
21   Agustín Canapino  R  12 12 25L 26 21 26 14 19 23 12 16 26 20 21 22 26 14 180
22   Devlin DeFrancesco 25 23 16 23 17 13 12 23 14 23 22 21 26 19L 19 17 22 177
23   Sting Ray Robb  R  16 25L 18 27 27 31 22 22 22 19 25 28 17 22 21 23 12 147
24   Jack Harvey 22 18 13 24 20 18 17 26 18 24 18 19 24 14 146
25   Conor Daly 14 20 23 25 19 8 15 20 21 17 16 134
26   Ryan Hunter-Reay 11L 17 19 26 23 24 16 20 14 21 10 131
27   Benjamin Pedersen  R  27 15 24 22 24 2111 20 21 26 27 27 27 23 26 28 22 16 129
28   Simon Pagenaud 26 17 15 18 25 25 13 14 Wth 88
29   Takuma Sato 28 78L 9L 25 26 70
30   Ed Carpenter 13 20 24 23 24 46
31   Linus Lundqvist  R  25 12 18 35
32   Tony Kanaan 169 18
33   Jüri Vips  R  18 24 18
34   Tom Blomqvist  R  25 24 26 16
35   Marco Andretti 17 13
36   R. C. Enerson  R  32 5
37   Katherine Legge 33 5
—   Stefan Wilson  R  Wth1 0
Pos Driver STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG Pts
Color Result
Gold Winner
Silver 2nd-place finish
Bronze 3rd-place finish
Green Top 5 finish
Light Blue Top 10 finish
Dark Blue Other flagged position
Purple Did not finish
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
Brown Withdrew (Wth)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
White Did Not Start (DNS)
Race abandoned (C)
Blank Did not participate
In-line notation
Bold Pole position
(1 point; except Indy)
Italics Ran fastest race lap
L Led race lap
(1 point)
* Led most race laps
(2 points)
1–12 Indy 500 "Fast Twelve"
bonus points
c Qualifying canceled
(no bonus point)
 RY  Rookie of the Year
 R  Rookie
  1. ^ Graham Rahal failed to qualify for the Indianapolis 500 but took over Stefan Wilson's seat after Wilson suffered an injury in the final practice session.[120]

Entrant standings

edit
  • Each regular season entry that finished in the top 22 the previous season qualified for the Leaders Circle, the IndyCar program which, among other things, awarded each team in it around a $910,000 bonus for completing the races providing that car competed in the full season. The Leaders Circle payouts were reduced for the 2023 season.[121]
  • Only 3 entrants from a single team were eligible for Leaders' Circle payments. The sole exception to this is Andretti's team, whose 4th entry had been grandfathered in for eligibility. Thus, in reality the only team in the top 22 that was not eligible for Leaders' Circle payments was one of the Ganassi cars and the last entrant to be in the Leaders' Circle was the #30 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing entry.
  • Based on the entrant, used for oval qualifications order, and starting grids when qualifying is cancelled.
  • Only full-time entrants or part-time entrants that ran in more than 8 races shown.
Pos Entrant STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG Pts[122]
1 #10 Chip Ganassi Racing 8 3L 5L 5 1L* 41L 1L* 1L 1L* 2 8L 3 3L 7 7 1L* 3L* 656
2 #9 Chip Ganassi Racing 3L 5L 27 7 6L 66 4 4 2L 4L 6 6L 5 1L 1L* 3L 1L 578
3 #3 Team Penske 13L* 6 10 1L 16 14 7 8 5 6L 2 5L 2L 8 5 9 2 488
4 #5 Arrow McLaren 2L 2L 17 4 2L 245L* 26L 3 8 8 3 10 8 3 2L 4 9L 484
5 #2 Team Penske 17 1L* 9L 15L 7 1L 10L 2 12 5 1L* 1L* 4 25 25L 5 21 479
6 #8 Chip Ganassi Racing 1L 8 3 10 8L 210L 9L 6 27 11L 4 9L 7L 10 10 7 15 438
7 #12 Team Penske 7 16 6 3L 12 2312L 2L 13L 3L 14 5L 2L 10L 6 9L 25 4 425
8 #45 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 9 19 14 6 4L 19 16 7 4 1L* 20 13 9 4L 17 11 6 390
9 #7 Arrow McLaren 4 22 22 8 3L 57L 5L 10 10 16 10 15 19 5 4L 20 7 375
10 #26 Andretti Autosport with Curb-Agajanian 20 7L 4 14 9 9L 11 5L* 11L 3 19 7 21 13 6L 13 23L 356
11 #27 Andretti Autosport 15 27 1L* 12 14 28 6L 9 17 15 7 11 1L* 9 15 10 25 352
12 #6 Arrow McLaren 19 26L 7 9 5L 273L 3 20 25 10 13 4L 22 27 8 2L 19L 324
13 #28 Andretti Autosport 18L 14L 2 2L* 11 30 24 25 13 22 11 12 6L 18 12 27 11L 296
14 #11 Chip Ganassi Racing 11 28 8 11 15 78L 8 24L 9 7 9L 25 13 24 26 19 8 284
15 #21 Ed Carpenter Racing 21 11 26 16 13 102L 18 12 15 13 17 18 14 11 11 6 18 277
16 #15 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 6 24 12 17 10L DNQ 25 11 7L 9 28 20 15 2L* 20 12L 27 268
17 #77 Juncos Hollinger Racing 5 9 19 13 18 12L 27 18 16 18 15 14 12 17 27 15 5 266
18 #18 Dale Coyne Racing with HMD Motorsports 10L 4 20 19 26 29 23 27 6 20 12 8 27 16 3 8L 20 265
19 #06 Meyer Shank Racing 23 10 21 21 22 15L 19 15 21 21 14 16 11 15 23 14 13 217
20 #14 A. J. Foyt Enterprises 24 21 11 20 23 34L 21 16 24 17 26 22 18 23 13 16 17 214
21 #20 Ed Carpenter Racing 14 20 23 25 19 8 15 17 19 26 23 24 16 20 14 21 10 199
22 #78 Juncos Hollinger Racing 12 12 25L 26 21 26 14 19 23 12 16 26 20 21 22 26 14 180
23 #30 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 22 18 13 24 20 18 17 26 18 24 18 19 24 14 16 18 24 178
24 #29 Andretti Steinbrenner Autosport 25 23 16 23 17 13 12 23 14 23 22 21 26 19L 19 17 22 177
25 #60 Meyer Shank Racing 26 17 15 18 25 25 13 14 20 25 21 17 25 12 18 24 26 171
26 #51 Dale Coyne Racing with Rick Ware Racing 16 25L 18 27 27 31 22 22 22 19 25 28 17 22 21 23 12 147
27 #55 A. J. Foyt Enterprises 27 15 24 22 24 2111 20 21 26 27 27 27 23 26 28 22 16 129
Pos Entrant STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG Pts

Engine Manufacturer standings

edit
Pos Manufacturer STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG Pts
1   Chevrolet 2 1 6 1 2 1 2 2 3 5 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1437
4 2 7 3 3 3 3 3 5 6 2 2 4 5 2 2 2
72 96PW 54 90W 75 176FW 75 75 65 58 96PW 96PW 73P 65 90 90 91P
2   Honda 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 1 1 3 4 3 1425
3 4 2 5 4 4 4 4 2 2 6 6 3 2 6 5 6
91PW 67 96PW 71P 88PW 146P 88PW 88PW 96PW 96PW 60 63 90W 96PW 63 63P 63
Manufacturer standings results breakdown
Entrant STP TXS LBH ALA IGP1 INDY DET ROA MDO TOR IOW NSH IGP2 GAT POR LAG
Chevrolet
#2 Team Penske 17 12 9 15 7 13,4 10 2 12 5 1 1 4 Ineligible
#3 Team Penske 132 6 10 1 16 133,4 7 8 5 7 2 5 2 8 Ineligible
#5 Arrow McLaren 2 2 17 4 22 193 26 3 8 8 3 10 8 3 14 2 5
#6 Arrow McLaren 19 25 7 9 52 223 3 20 25 10 13 4 22 234 4 1 11
#7 Arrow McLaren 4 21 22 8 32 53 5 10 10 16 10 15 19 54 2 11 4
#12 Team Penske 7 15 6 3 122 183 2 13 3 14 5 2 10 64 5 14 1
#14 A. J. Foyt Enterprises 24 20 11 20 232 33 21 16 24 17 25 22 18 20 94 9 Inel.
#20 Ed Carpenter Racing 14 192 23 25 19 83,4 15 17 19 26 23 23 16 17 10 Ineligible
#21 Ed Carpenter Racing 21 11 26 16 132 103 18 12 15 13 17 18 14 114 7 3 10
#55 A. J. Foyt Enterprises 27 14 24 222 24 173 20 21 26 27 26 26 23 22 174 12 9
#77 Juncos Hollinger Racing 5 9 19 13 182 113 27 18 16 18 15 14 12 14 164 8 2
#78 Juncos Hollinger Racing 12 12 25 262 21 213 14 19 23 12 16 25 20 184 Ineligible
Race Finish 72 90 54 85 75 85 75 75 65 58 90 90 72 65 90 90 90
Indy Bonus - - - - - 85 - - - - - - - - - - -
Pole Bonus - 1 - - - 1 - - - - 1 1 1 - 0 - 1
Win Bonus - 5 - 5 - 5 - - - - 5 5 - - - - -
Total Points 72 96 54 90 75 176 75 75 65 58 96 96 73 65 90 90 91
Honda
#06 Meyer Shank Racing 23 10 21 21 222,3 144 19 15 21 21 14 16 11 Ineligible
#8 Chip Ganassi Racing 1 8 3 10 82 23 9 6 27 11 4 9 7 104 6 4 8
#9 Chip Ganassi Racing 3 5 27 72 6 63,4 4 4 2 4 6 6 5 1 Ineligible
#10 Chip Ganassi Racing 8 3 5 52 1 43,4 1 1 1 2 8 3 3 7 Ineligible
#11 Chip Ganassi Racing 11 27 8 11 152 73 8 24 94 7 9 24 13 21 Ineligible
#15 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 6 23 12 17 102 DNQ 25 11 73 9 27 20 15 2 144 6 14
#18 Dale Coyne Racing with HMD Motorsports 10 4 20 19 262 243 23 27 64 20 12 8 27 Ineligible
#26 Andretti Autosport with Curb-Agajanian 20 7 4 14 92 93,4 11 5 11 3 19 7 21 13 3 7 13
#27 Andretti Autosport 15 26 1 12 142 233 6 9 17 15 7 11 1 9 Ineligible
#28 Andretti Autosport 18 13 2 22 11 253 24 25 13 22 11 12 6 154 8 15 6
#29 Andretti Steinbrenner Autosport 25 22 16 23 172 123,4 12 23 14 23 22 21 26 16 13 10 12
#30 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 22 17 13 24 202 153,4 17 26 18 24 18 19 24 Ineligible
#45 Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing 9 18 14 62 4 163 16 7 4 1 20 13 9 44 11 5 3
#51 Dale Coyne Racing with Rick Ware Racing 16 24 18 272 27 263 22 22 22 19 24 27 17 19 154 13 7
#60 Meyer Shank Racing 26 16 15 18 252 203 13 14 204 25 21 17 25 12 12 Ineligible
Race Finish 85 67 90 70 82 72 82 82 90 90 60 63 85 90 63 62 63
Indy Bonus - - - - - 72 - - - - - - - - - - -
Pole Bonus 1 - 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 -
Win Bonus 5 - 5 - 5 - 5 5 5 5 - - 5 5 0 0 0
Total Points 91 67 96 71 88 146 88 88 96 96 60 63 90 96 63 63 63
[123] [124] [125] [126] [127] [128] [129] [130] [131] [132] [133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [138] [139]
Superscript indicates entrant engine count

See also

edit

Footnotes

edit
  1. ^ Technical partnership with Team Penske from round 15 onwards.
  2. ^ Technical partnership with Andretti Autosport.
  3. ^ McLaughlin, the fastest qualifier, was assessed a 9-place grid penalty for an unapproved engine change. Josef Newgarden, who qualified 2nd, was the highest-placed driver not to have a penalty, and thus started the race from pole position. McLaughlin earned the pole award and the pole-winner's championship point.

References

edit
  1. ^ Kelly, Paul (September 3, 2023). "Palou Clinches Championship with Decisive Portland Victory". Indycar.com. Brickyard Trademarks, Inc. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Chip Ganassi discusses Alex Palou saga for 1st time. Just don't call it a lawsuit, he says". The Indianapolis Star. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
  3. ^ Malsher-Lopez, David (February 15, 2023). "Kanaan to retire from IndyCar after this year's Indy 500". Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network.
  4. ^ Pruett, Marshall (December 9, 2022). "PRUETT: IndyCar's ambitious play for new TV viewers". RACER.
  5. ^ a b c Stern, Adam (March 6, 2023). "IndyCar bullish on 2023 season, new docuseries". www.sportsbusinessjournal.com.
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  8. ^ "IndyCar executives address big issues before 2023 season - NBC Sports". MotorSportsTalk | NBC Sports. March 4, 2023.
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  10. ^ "Shell, INDYCAR To Introduce 100% Renewable Race Fuel in 2023". IndyCar.com. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
  11. ^ Pruett, Marshall (February 2, 2023). "IndyCar drops double points for Indy 500". Racer.com. Retrieved February 11, 2023.
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Sources

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