A request that this article title be changed to Israel–Gaza war is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
An armed conflict between Israel and Hamas-led Palestinian militant groups[ab] has been taking place in the Gaza Strip and Israel since 7 October 2023. The fifth war of the Gaza–Israel conflict since 2008, it has been the deadliest for Palestinians in the entire Israeli–Palestinian conflict,[120] and the most significant military engagement in the region since the Yom Kippur War in 1973.[121]
Israel–Hamas war | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict | |||||||
![]() Gaza Strip under Palestinian control
Gaza Strip under Israeli control
Furthest Israeli advance in Gaza Strip
Evacuated areas inside Israel
Maximum extent of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel Areas of Gaza subject to Israeli evacuation orders. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Allies in Palestine Other theaters:
|
![]() | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Units involved | |||||||
See Order of Battle | |||||||
Strength | |||||||
![]() |
![]() | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Gaza Strip:
West Bank:[n] Militants inside Israel:[p] |
Israel:[x] | ||||||
|
The war began when Hamas-led militant groups launched a surprise attack on Israel on 7 October, which involved a rocket barrage and a few thousand militants breaching the Gaza–Israel barrier and attacking Israeli civilian communities and military bases. During this attack, 1,139 Israelis and foreign nationals were killed, including 815 civilians.[122][ac] In addition, 251 Israelis and foreigners were taken captive into Gaza, with the stated goal to force Israel to release Palestinian prisoners.[123] Hamas said its attack was in response to Israel's continued occupation, blockade of Gaza, and expansion of settlements, as well as alleged threats to the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the general plight of Palestinians.[124][125][126] After clearing militants from its territory, Israel launched one of the most destructive bombing campaigns in modern history[127][128] and invaded Gaza on 27 October with the stated objectives of destroying Hamas and freeing hostages.[129][130]
Since the start of the Israeli invasion, the Gaza Health Ministry has stated more than 40,000 Palestinians in Gaza have been killed, of whom 52% of those identified were women and children.[131][132][133] Israel's tightened blockade cut off basic necessities and attacks on infrastructure have caused healthcare collapse and an impending famine.[134][135] By early 2024, Israeli forces had destroyed or damaged more than half of Gaza's houses,[136] at least a third of its tree cover and farmland,[137][138] most of its schools and universities,[139][140] hundreds of cultural landmarks,[141] and at least a dozen cemeteries.[142] Nearly all of the strip's 2.3 million residents have been forcibly displaced.[143][144] Over 100,000 Israelis remain internally displaced.[145]
The war continues to have significant regional and international repercussions. Large, primarily pro-Palestinian protests have taken place across the world, calling for a ceasefire. The International Court of Justice is reviewing a case accusing Israel of committing genocide in Gaza.[146] The United States has given Israel extensive military aid and vetoed multiple UN Security Council ceasefire resolutions.[147] Meanwhile, the Axis of Resistance has engaged, with its groups attacking American military bases in the Middle East; the Yemeni Houthi movement attacking commercial ships allegedly linked to Israel, incurring a US-led military response;[148] and the ongoing exchange of strikes between Lebanon's Hezbollah and Israel risking the eruption of another full-scale war.[149]
Background
The 1948 Palestine war saw the establishment of Israel over most of what had been Mandatory Palestine, with the exception of two separated territories that became known as the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, which were held by Jordan and Egypt respectively. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel occupied the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.[121] The upcoming period witnessed two popular uprisings by Palestinians against the Israeli occupation; the First and Second Intifadas in 1987 and 2000 respectively,[152] with the latter's end seeing Israel's unilateral withdrawal from Gaza in 2005.[153][154]
Since 2007, the Gaza Strip has been governed by Hamas, an Islamist militant group, while the West Bank remained under the control of the Fatah-led Palestinian Authority. After Hamas' takeover, Israel imposed a blockade of the Gaza Strip,[155][156] that significantly damaged its economy.[157] The blockade was justified by Israel citing security concerns,[158] but international rights groups have characterized the blockade as a form of collective punishment.[159][160][161] Due to the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip, UNRWA reported that 81% of people were living below the poverty level in 2023, with 63% being food insecure and dependent on international assistance.[151][162]
Since 2007, Israel and Hamas, along with other Palestinian militant groups based in Gaza, have engaged in conflict,[158][163][164] including in four wars in 2008–2009, 2012, 2014, and 2021.[165][166] These conflicts killed approximately 6,400 Palestinians and 300 Israelis.[167][150][168] In 2018–2019, there were large weekly organized protests near the Gaza-Israel border, which were violently suppressed by Israel, whose forces killed hundreds and injured thousands of Palestinians by sniper fire.[169][170] Soon after the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis began, Hamas' military wing, the Al-Qassam Brigades, started planning the 7 October 2023 operation against Israel.[171][172]
Hamas officials stated that the attack was a response to the Israeli occupation, blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israeli settler violence against Palestinians, restrictions on the movement of Palestinians, and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians, whom Hamas sought to release by taking Israeli hostages.[173][174][175] Numerous commentators have identified the broader context of Israeli occupation as a cause of the war.[176][177][178][179][180] The Associated Press wrote that Palestinians are "in despair over a never-ending occupation in the West Bank and suffocating blockade of Gaza".[181] Several human rights organizations, including Amnesty International,[182] B'Tselem[183] and Human Rights Watch[184] have likened the Israeli occupation to apartheid, although supporters of Israel dispute this characterization.[185][186]
Events
7 October attacks
- Approximate situation on 7–8 October
- A blood-stained home floor in the aftermath of the Nahal Oz attack
- Aftermath of Hamas rocket hit on the maternity ward of Barzilai Medical Center
- Satellite view of widespread fires in Israeli areas surrounding the Gaza Strip
- Footage of Israeli soldiers securing the area after the Re'im music festival massacre
The attacks took place during the Jewish holidays of Simchat Torah and Shemini Atzeret on Shabbat,[187] and one day after the 50th anniversary of the start of the Yom Kippur War, which also began with a surprise attack on Israel.[188] At around 6:30 a.m. IDT (UTC+03:00) on 7 October 2023,[189] Hamas announced the start of what it called "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood", stating it had fired over 5,000 rockets from the Gaza Strip into Israel within a span of 20 minutes. Israeli sources reported that at least 3,000 projectiles had been launched from Gaza. At least five people were killed by the rocket attacks.[190][191][192] Explosions were reported in areas surrounding the strip and in cities in the Sharon plain including Gedera, Herzliya,[193] Tel Aviv, and Ashkelon.[194] Air raid sirens were activated in Beersheba, Jerusalem, Rehovot, Rishon LeZion, and Palmachim Airbase.[195]
Hamas employed tactics such as using aerial drones to disable Israeli observation posts, paragliders for infiltration into Israel, and motorcycles, which was unusual for Hamas.[196] Palestinian militants opened fire on Israeli boats, while clashes broke out between Palestinians and the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) along the Gaza perimeter fence.[195] In the evening, Hamas launched another barrage of 150 rockets towards Israel, with explosions reported in Yavne, Givatayim, Bat Yam, Beit Dagan, Tel Aviv, and Rishon LeZion.[191] Simultaneously, around 3,000 Hamas militants[197] infiltrated Israel from Gaza using trucks, motorcycles, bulldozers, speedboats, and paragliders.[188][189][198] They took over checkpoints at Kerem Shalom and Erez, and created openings in the border fence in five other places.[199] Hamas militants also carried out an amphibious landing in Zikim.[200][201]
Militants killed civilians at Nir Oz,[202] Be'eri, and Netiv HaAsara, and other agricultural communities, where they took hostages[203] and set fire to homes.[204] 52 civilians were killed in the Kfar Aza massacre, 108 in the Be'eri massacre (a loss of 10% of the kibbutz's population) and 15 in the Netiv HaAsara massacre.[205][206][207] In Sderot, gunmen targeted civilians and set houses ablaze. In Ofakim, hostages were taken during Hamas's deepest incursion.[208][207] In Be'eri, Hamas militants took up to 50 people hostage.[209] At least 325 people were killed and more injured at an outdoor music festival near Re'im and Hamas took at least 37 attendees hostage.[210][211][212][213] Israeli authorities screened graphic bodycam footage of the Hamas attack for journalists, which included an attempt to decapitate someone and a still image of a decapitated IDF soldier.[214][215] Around 240 people were taken hostage during the attacks, mostly civilians.[209][216] Captives in Gaza included children, festivalgoers, peace activists, caregivers, elderly people, and soldiers.[217] Hamas militants also reportedly engaged in mutilation, torture, and sexual and gender-based violence,[218] including rape and sexual assault by Hamas or other Gazan militants.[219][220][221]
A briefing in The Economist noted that "the assault dwarf[ed] all other mass murders of Israeli civilians", reasoning that "the last time before October 7th that this many Jews were murdered on a single day was during the Holocaust."[207] Hamas stated that its attack was a response to the blockade of the Gaza Strip, the expansion of illegal Israeli settlements, rising Israeli settler violence and recent escalations at Al-Aqsa.[124][125][175] Intelligence and security officials from multiple Western countries, along with Hamas political officials, claimed that the 7 October attack was a calculated effort to create a "permanent" state of war and revive interest in the Palestinian cause.[222][223]
Initial Israeli counter-operation (7–27 October)
- Approximate situation on 9 October
- Aftermath of a Hamas rocket hit on the maternity ward of Barzilai Medical Center, a hospital in Ashkelon, Israel, on 8 October 2023
- Building in the Gaza Strip being destroyed by Israeli missiles
- Wounded child and man receive treatment on the floor at Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City
- Remains of the Sderot police station, following recapture by IDF
- Destruction of a residential building in Gaza by an Israeli airstrike
After the initial breach of the Gaza perimeter by Palestinian militants, it took hours for the IDF to start its counter-attack.[224] The first helicopters sent to support the military were launched from the north of Israel, and arrived at the Gaza Strip an hour after fighting began.[225] They immediately encountered difficulty in determining which outposts and communities were occupied, and distinguishing between Palestinian militants and the soldiers and civilians on the ground.[225] The helicopter crews initially sustained a high rate of fire, attacking approximately 300 targets in 4 hours. Later on the crews began to slow down the attacks and carefully select targets.[225] According to Haaretz's journalist Josh Breiner, a police source said that a police investigation indicated an IDF helicopter which had fired on Hamas militants "apparently also hit some festival participants" in the Re'im music festival massacre.[226] The Israeli police denied the Haaretz report.[227]
A subsequent Israeli investigation claimed that militants had been instructed not to run so that the air force would think they were Israelis.[225] This deception worked for some time, but pilots began to realize the problem and ignore their restrictions. By around 9:00 am, amid the chaos and confusion, some helicopters started laying down fire without prior authorization.[225]
The attack appeared to have been a complete surprise to the Israelis.[228] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu convened an emergency gathering of security authorities, and the IDF launched Operation Swords of Iron in the Gaza Strip.[229][191] In a televised broadcast, Netanyahu said, "We are at war".[198] He threatened to "turn all the places where Hamas is organized and hiding into cities of ruins", called Gaza "the city of evil", and urged its residents to leave.[230][124] Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant conducted security assessments at IDF headquarters in Tel Aviv.[202][194] Overnight, Israel's Security Cabinet voted to act to bring about the "destruction of the military and governmental capabilities of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad".[231] The Israel Electric Corporation, which supplies 80% of the Gaza Strip's electricity, cut off power to the area.[194] This reduced Gaza's power supply from 120 MW to 20 MW, provided by power plants paid for by the Palestinian Authority.[232]
The IDF declared a "state of readiness for war",[191] mobilized tens of thousands of army reservists,[189][194] and declared a state of emergency for areas within 80 kilometers (50 mi) of Gaza.[233] The Yamam counterterrorism unit was deployed,[234] along with four new divisions, augmenting 31 existing battalions.[188] Reservists were reported deployed in Gaza, in the West Bank, and along borders with Lebanon and Syria.[235]
Residents near Gaza were asked to stay inside, while civilians in southern and central Israel were "required to stay next to shelters".[194] The southern region of Israel was closed to civilian movement,[234] and roads were closed around Gaza[188] and Tel Aviv.[194] While Ben Gurion Airport and Ramon Airport remained operational, multiple airlines cancelled flights to and from Israel.[236] Israel Railways suspended service in parts of the country and replaced some routes with temporary bus routes,[237][238] while cruise ships removed the ports of Ashdod and Haifa from their itineraries.[239]
Israeli blockade and bombardment
Following the surprise attack, the Israeli Air Force conducted airstrikes that they said targeted Hamas compounds, command centers, tunnels, and other targets.[191][233][240] Israel employed its artificial intelligence Habsora ("The Gospel") software with a new and superior capacity to automatically generate targets to be attacked.[241][242] Two days after the surprise attack, Israel said that 426 Hamas targets had been hit, including destroying Beit Hanoun, homes of Hamas officials, a mosque, and an internet hub.[240][243][244][245] Israel also rescued two hostages before declaring a state of war for the first time since the 1973 Yom Kippur War.[246][247]
On 9 October, Defense Minister Gallant announced a "total" blockade of the Gaza Strip, cutting off electricity and blocking the entry of food and fuel, adding "We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly".[248] This drew criticism from Human Rights Watch (HRW) who described the order as "abhorrent" and as a "call to commit a war crime" and accused Israel of using white phosphorus munitions over Gaza, stating that it violated international law.[249][250] Israel denied the allegations.[251] Gallant then changed his position of a complete blockade after receiving pressure from US President Joe Biden and a deal was made on 19 October for Israel and Egypt to allow aid into Gaza.[252] The first aid convoy after the start of the war entered Gaza on 21 October 2023,[253] while fuel entered Gaza only in November.[254]
Evacuation of Northern Gaza
Almost a week after the initial attack on Israel, on 13 October, the IDF called the evacuation of all civilians of Gaza City to the area south of the Wadi Gaza.[255] All Palestinians in that region, including those in Gaza City, were given 24 hours to evacuate to the south. The Hamas Authority for Refugee Affairs responded by telling residents in northern Gaza to "remain steadfast in your homes and stand firm in the face of this disgusting psychological war waged by the occupation".[256] The statement by Israel faced widespread backlash; with numerous agencies, such as Doctors Without Borders, the World Health Organization, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, among others, condemning the order as "outrageous" and "impossible" while calling for an immediate reversal of the order.[257][258][259][260]
As a part of the order, the IDF announced a six-hour window from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. local time on 13 October, for refugees to flee south along specified routes within the Gaza Strip.[261] An explosion at 5:30 p.m. along one of the safe routes killed 70 people.[262] Some sources attributed it to an IDF airstrike, while CNN said the cause was unclear. The Jerusalem Post said open-source analysts believed the explosion originated from a car on the ground, but the cause was unclear.[263][264] The Financial Times carried out an investigation, concluding "analysis of the video footage rules out most explanations aside from an Israeli strike", although it was "difficult to conclusively prove whether these blasts came from an IDF strike, a potential Palestinian rocket misfire or even a car bomb".[265]
The IDF stated Hamas set up roadblocks to keep Gaza residents from evacuating south and caused traffic jams.[266] Israeli officials stated this was done to use civilians as "human shields", which Hamas denied.[267] A number of countries and international organizations condemned what they called Hamas's use of hospitals and civilians as human shields.[268][269][270][271] According to an unnamed Israeli official, Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar left Gaza City using a vehicle associated with a humanitarian relief mission.[272]
17 October
- A man carries the body of a Palestinian child killed during the shelling of 17 October 2023
- The impact crater
- Aftermath of Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion
On 17 October, Israel bombed in areas of southern Gaza.[273] Ministry of Health officials in Gaza reported heavy overnight bombing killing over 70 people, including families who had evacuated from Gaza City in the north.[274] One of the airstrikes killed a senior Hamas military commander Ayman Nofal.[275] In the afternoon, an Israeli strike hit a UNRWA school in the Al-Maghazi refugee camp, killing six and injuring 12.[276]
Late in the evening, an explosion occurred in the parking lot of the Al-Ahli Arabi Baptist Hospital in the center of Gaza City, killing hundreds. The cause of the explosion was disputed by Hamas and the IDF, and the ongoing conflict prevented independent on-site analysis.[277] Palestinian statements that it was an Israeli airstrike were denied by the IDF, which stated that the explosion resulted from a failed rocket launch by Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[278] The PIJ denied any involvement.[279][280] An independent analysis by Human Rights Watch indicated that the evidence pointed to a misfired Palestinian rocket as the cause, but stated that further investigation was required.[281]
On 18 October, President Biden said the Pentagon had independently concluded that the explosion was not caused by Israel, but by "the other team", based on data from the Defense Department.[282] Over the next few days, Canadian, British, and French officials announced that their respective intelligence agencies concluded the cause to be a failed Palestinian rocket and not an Israeli airstrike.[283][284][285] In its article dated 2 November, CNN stated that multiple experts said "they believe this to be the most likely scenario – although they caution the absence of munition remnants or shrapnel from the scene made it difficult to be sure. All agreed that the available images of evidence of the damage at the site was not consistent with an Israeli airstrike."[286]
Invasion of the Gaza Strip until the truce (27 October – 24 November)
- Israeli soldiers preparing for the ground invasion of the Gaza Strip on 29 October
- Israeli military during ground operations on 31 October
- Israeli military during ground operations on 1 November
- Armored IDF D9R bulldozer around 16 November 2023
- Israeli tanks during operations on 31 October
On 27 October, the IDF launched a large-scale, multi-pronged ground incursion into parts of northern Gaza. The IDF was building up a force of over 100,000 soldiers in the cities of Ashkelon, Sderot and Kiryat Gat. Clashes between Hamas and the IDF were reported near Beit Hanoun and Bureij.[287][288] Israeli airstrikes targeted the area around the al-Quds hospital,[289] where around 14,000 civilians were believed to be sheltering in or near the hospital.[289] Associated Press reported that Israeli airstrikes also destroyed roads leading to the Al-Shifa hospital, making it increasingly difficult to reach.[290] The following day, the IDF struck at densely-populated Jabalia refugee camp, killing 50 and wounding 150 Palestinians according to the Gaza Health Ministry. According to Israel, a senior Hamas commander and dozens of militants in a vast underground tunnel complex were among those killed. Hamas denied the presence of a senior commander on the scene.[291][292][293] The nearby Indonesia Hospital's surgical director said they had received 120 dead bodies and treated 280 wounded, the majority of them women and children.[294] The attack resulted in several ambassador recalls.[295][296][297] According to The New York Times at least two 2,000-pound bombs, the second largest type in Israel's arsenal, were used.[298]
External videos | |
---|---|
Gazan child speaks of having to carry decapitated body after Israeli strike on Jabalia (via The Irish Times) |
External videos | |
---|---|
Instagram videos by Ahmed Hijazi of the Al-Shifa Hospital strike shown in the Visual Investigations report published by The New York Times.[299] Contains graphic images of severe injury. | |
A video of the airstrikes and immediate injuries. | |
Shows dead and injured in the aftermath. |
On 31 October, Israel bombed a six-story apartment building in central Gaza, killing at least 106 civilians including 54 children in what Human Rights Watch called an "apparent war crime."[300] On 1 November, the first group of evacuees left Gaza for Egypt. 500 evacuees, comprising critically wounded and foreign nationals, would be evacuated over the course of several days, with 200 evacuees already waiting at the border crossing.[301] On the same day, the Jabalia refugee camp was bombed for a second time.[302][303] The IDF released what it stated was an intercepted call between Hamas operatives and the head of the Indonesia Hospital, where they discuss diverting some of the hospital's fuel supply to Hamas.[304]
On 3 November, the Gaza health ministry stated that Israel struck an ambulance convoy directly in front of Al-Shifa Hospital, killing at least 15 people and injuring 60 more.[305] The IDF acknowledged having launched an airstrike, adding that a "number of Hamas terrorist operatives were killed in the strike",[306] which a Hamas official described as "baseless".[306] The Palestinian Red Crescent Society (PRCS) said one of its ambulances was struck "by a missile fired by the Israeli forces" about two metres from the entrance to al-Shifa hospital.[306] The PRCS said another ambulance was fired on about a kilometre from the hospital.[306] The next day, a UNRWA spokeswoman confirmed reports that Israel had conducted an airstrike against a UN-run school in the Jabalia refugee camp.[307] According to the Gaza health ministry, the attack killed 15 and wounded dozens more.[307]
Fighting continued through the middle of November and on 18 November Israeli strikes killed more than 80 people in Jabalia refugee camp.[308] On 22 November, Israel and Hamas reached a temporary ceasefire agreement, providing for a four-day "pause"[309] or "lull"[310][311] in hostilities, to allow for the release of 50 hostages held in Gaza.[309][310] The deal also provided for the release of approximately 150 Palestinian women and children incarcerated by Israel.[310] The agreement was approved by the Israeli cabinet in the early hours of the day; in a statement, the Israeli Prime Minister's Office stated Israel's intention to continue the war.[309][310]
Duration of the truce (24 November – 1 December)
Following the introduction of a Qatari-brokered truce on 24 November, starting at 7:00 am Israel time, active fighting in the Gaza Strip ceased and some of the Israeli and foreign hostages were released by Hamas in exchange for the release of some of the Palestinian political prisoners held by Israel. The truce was announced for a period of four days, but was extended for a longer period.
From 24 to 30 November, Hamas released hostages and Israel released prisoners. On 27 November, Qatar announced that an agreement between Israel and Hamas to extend the truce by two days had been reached.[312] Both Israel and Hamas accused each other of violating the truce on 28 November.[313] On 30 November, in a "last-minute agreement", Hamas released eight hostages in exchange for the release of 30 imprisoned Palestinians and a one-day truce extension.[314]
Resumption of hostilities (1 December 2023 – 6 May 2024)
Continuation of operations in Northern Gaza (December 2023 – January 2024)
The truce expired on 1 December, as Israel and Hamas blamed each other for failing to agree on extension. The disagreement centered on "how to define soldiers versus civilians and how many Palestinian prisoners Israel would release for its hostages".[315] The remaining Israeli hostages include a year old baby, his 4-year-old brother and their mother, 13 women aged 18–39, and 85 men, some over 80.[316] Thousands of Palestinians remain in administrative detention.[317] A Hamas official said that after the exchange, the only remaining hostages were "soldiers and civilian men who served in the occupation army", and refused to exchange them until "all our prisoners are freed and a ceasefire takes hold".[318] US National Security Advisor Kirby said "Hamas agreed to allow the Red Cross access to these hostages while the pause was in place", which "didn't happen and is still not happening".[319] The Palestinian Prisoners' Club said 240 Palestinian prisoners were released as part of the ceasefire deal, another 240 Palestinians were incarcerated. Released Palestinian prisoners reported mistreatment including beatings, overcrowding, food deprivation, and suspension of access for the Red Cross.[320] Released prisoners were forbidden to speak with the media and threatened with fines.[321]
Israel adopted a grid system to order precise evacuations within Gaza, released a map, and dropped leaflets with a QR code. Israel was criticized for the map being hard to access due to lack of electricity and internet connectivity, and for causing confusion. Some evacuation instructions have been vague or contradictory,[322][323] and Israel has struck "safe" areas it had told people to evacuate to.[324][325][326]
Law experts said they had not seen significant changes in how Israel waged war, due to its warnings to civilians appearing ineffective and it being unclear if anywhere in Gaza is safe.[327] Amnesty International said "US-made weapons facilitated the mass killings of extended families". Amnesty found no evidence of military targets at the sites of the strikes, or indication occupants were affiliated with Hamas, prompting it to request airstrikes be investigated as possible war crimes.[328] Decomposed babies were found in Al-Nasr Children's Hospital in north Gaza, two weeks after its forced evacuation.[329] US Secretary of Defense Austin warned against replacing "a tactical victory with a strategic defeat" if Israel does not work towards protecting Palestinian civilians.[330] The US State Department said it was too early to definitively assess whether Israel was heeding calls to protect civilians.[331]
On 6 December Refaat Alareer, a prominent professor and writer in Gaza, was killed by an Israeli airstrike.[332] His poem, "If I Must Die" was widely circulated after his death.[333]
Advance into Central Gaza (December 2023 – February 2024)
The IDF reported its troops had reached the centers of Khan Yunis, Jabalia, and Shejaiya reporting the most "intense fighting" since the invasion of Gaza began.[334] Intensified bombing pushed Palestinian civilians south to Rafah.[335] On 7 December, Israel detained 150 men in the Gaza Strip, with dozens more detained on 10 December. According to Israel, the detentions followed a mass surrender of Hamas militants.[336][337] The New York Times reported that the statement about Hamas fighters surrendering was made after video and photos of "men stripped to their underwear, sitting or kneeling on the ground, with some bound and blindfolded" were seen on social media.[338]The Guardian reported that among those in the images were civilians, including a journalist. The ICRC said it was concerned and strongly emphasized "the importance of treating all those detained with humanity and dignity, in accordance with international humanitarian law".[339] The BBC reported that a video of the apparent surrender of weapons was unclear on whether a man is "surrendering" weapons, or just moving them as instructed, suggesting it was performed for the camera, rather than authentic surrender, and it is unknown if the individuals are involved with Hamas, or the 7 October attack.[340] Haaretz reported that Israel believed about 10% of the people shown in the video were affiliated with Hamas, and despite public statements by Israel, this was not a "mass surrender" by Hamas.[341] Amnesty International described the treatment of those detained on 7 December as a violation of international law.[342]
On 8 and 9 December, the IDF released footage of what it said was its soldiers engaging combatants inside schools in Shejaiya. According to the IDF, fighters discovered a tunnel from a school to a mosque.[343][344] It released footage of armament it stated was on the campus of Al-Azhar University, along with a tunnel shaft leading to a school.[345] The IDF said that, since it designated a humanitarian zone for civilians in the Gaza Strip on 18 October 116 rockets had been fired from there toward Israel, including 38 falling inside Gaza.[346] The Pentagon announced on 9 December that the Biden administration had authorized the sale of around 14,000 rounds of tank ammunition to Israel without congressional authorization, using emergency powers.[347] On 29 December, it did so again with $148 million worth of artillery shells and related items.[348]
On 15 December, the IDF announced it had killed three of their own hostages by friendly fire. They "mistakenly identified three Israeli hostages as a threat" during operations in Shuja'iyya and fired, killing them.[349][350][351] According to an IDF official on 16 December, they were shirtless and carrying "a stick with a white cloth on it" when an Israeli soldier, who declared them to be "terrorists" after feeling "threatened", opened fire, killing two and injuring the third, who was killed by Israeli reinforcements.[352]
Withdrawal from Northern Gaza (January 2024 – February 2024)
On 1 January 2024, Israel withdrew from neighborhoods in North Gaza.[353] On 7 January, the IDF conducted a targeted missile strike on a car carrying Al Jazeera journalists Hamza Dadouh and Mustafa Thuraya; they and their driver were killed.[354]
Rocket attacks on Israeli cities by Hamas decreased during this period with notable attacks on New Year's Eve and 29 January 2024.[355][356] On 15 January, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant said the most intense fighting in the north of the Gaza Strip had ended, and a new phase of low intensity fighting was about to begin.[357] On 13 January, an Israeli tank fired at a convoy of Paltel repair workers on their way back to Rafah from the Paltel central offices in Khan Yunis. Two were killed. The job they completed and the route they took were pre-approved by COGAT.[358]
By 18 January, the IDF stated that Hamas had begun to rebuild its armies in formerly occupied parts of North Gaza. The IDF had previously said that Hamas control over North Gaza was "dismantled" without providing any evidence.[359] By 18 January the fighting strength of Hamas' northern battalions had been significantly restored.[360]
On 22 January, 24 IDF soldiers died in the deadliest day for the IDF since the invasion began. Of these, 21 died in a single incident where Palestinian militants fired an RPG at a tank, and adjacent buildings soldiers were rigging to demolish, which caused the buildings to collapse. The IDF soldiers brought landmines into the empty building for the demolition process. It is unclear whether the collapse of the buildings was due to the primary RPG explosion, or secondary landmine explosions.[361][362][363] Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Defense Minister Yoav Gallant and President Isaac Herzog publicly mourned the loss.[364][365][366]
On 29 January, Israeli forces killed Hind Rajab and six of her family members when the car they were driving in was struck by an Israeli tank and later by machine gun fire. The IDF later killed two rescue workers who attempted to retrieve Rajab from her family's car.[367] The Red Crescent released the audio from Rajab's phone call with rescue workers, causing international outrage over her death.[368]
Preparations for the attack on Rafah (February 2024 – May 2024)
During February to early May 2024, Israeli preparations to invade Rafah became a dominant issue in public rhetoric made by Israeli officials. In February, Israel stated its next objective would be the capture of Rafah. On 12 February, Israel started the bombing campaign on Rafah.[369] On 15 February, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times reported that Egypt was building a refugee camp for over 100,000 people south of Rafah, surrounded by five-meter-high concrete walls.[370][371] However, the governor of North Sinai Governorate, Mohamed Abdel-Fadil Shousha, denied these rumors in a statement published by Al Arabiya.[372] On 18 February, Israeli war cabinet member Benny Gantz warned that a ground offensive would be launched in Rafah on 10 March unless Hamas freed all hostages. Gantz added Israel would act in "a co-ordinated manner, facilitating the evacuation of civilians in dialogue with our American and Egyptian partners to minimise civilian casualties".[373]
On 29 February, more than 100 Palestinians were killed and 750 wounded during the flour massacre when Israeli forces opened fire on Palestinians waiting for food aid southwest of Gaza City, with many victims run over by trucks according to accounts.[374] Survivors described it as an ambush, stating that Israeli forces opened fire as people approached the aid trucks, resulting in a rush away from the gunfire that added to the death toll.[375][376] On 1 March, the US announced they would begin an operation airdropping food aid into Gaza.[377] Some experts called the airdrops performative and claimed they would not alleviate the food situation.[378] During his State of the Union Address, Biden announced a new initiative for providing food and medications to Gaza by sea, setting up a temporary port on Gaza's coast to enable aid delivery.[379]
By 6 March, Israel had completed a new road in Gaza running from east to west. The IDF reported the road was an "active logistical route, constantly maintained during the war". It was intended to be used for mobilization of troops and supplies, to connect and defend IDF positions on al-Rashid and Salah al-Din streets, and prevent people in the south Gaza Strip from returning to the north.[380]
Re-occupation of al-Shifa Hospital and withdrawal from southern Gaza (March 2024 – April 2024)
Israeli forces raided al-Shifa hospital again between 18 March – 1 April. The IDF clashed with Hamas in the area.[381] Israeli forces killed Faiq al-Mabhouh, who they said was head of the operations directorate of Hamas' internal security service. Hamas said al-Mabhouh was in charge of civil law enforcement and had been engaged in "purely civil and humanitarian activity,"[382] coordinating aid deliveries to north Gaza.[383][384] News agencies reported that the IDF assaulted and detained al-Jazeera correspondent Ismail al-Ghoul and more than 80 others, including medical staff and other journalists, and confiscated and destroyed media equipment.[385][386] Al-Ghoul was released the following day, but could not verify the whereabouts of his colleagues.[387][388] The Committee to Protect Journalists said it was "deeply alarmed and outraged by reports of the assault....Ismail Al-Ghoul...and other journalists while doing their jobs reporting on the Israeli offensive on the hospital".[388]
According to the IDF, senior Hamas leaders were killed during the fighting at the hospital, including Mahmoud Khalil Zakzuk, the deputy commander of Hamas's rocket unit in Gaza City and Raad Thabet, head of recruitment and supply acquisition.[389] Survivors of events at al-Shifa said workers in Gaza's civil government, were receiving their salaries at the hospital, before it was raided.[390] The IDF said it killed 200 people in and around the hospital. Time Magazine said it provided "no evidence that all were militants."[391] Photos of the hospital after the withdrawal of Israeli forces showed its "walls blown out and frame blackened" by fire.[392] Hundreds of bodies were found on hospital grounds, and Palestinian witnesses reported massacres.[393]
A deputy military commander of Hamas Marwan Issa was reportedly killed in an airstrike in mid-March.[394] On 23 March 19 Palestinians were killed by the IDF while waiting for humanitarian aid at the Kuwait roundabout in Gaza City.[395] On 25 March, the UN Security Council passed a resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza, to last for the remainder of Ramadan. The US abstained, all other delegates voted in favor.[396] Israeli military activities in the Gaza Strip remained unchanged following adoption of the resolution. On 28 March, the IDF shot and killed two unarmed men in central Gaza, before burying them in sand with bulldozers.[397] The Council on American-Islamic Relations called for a UN investigation into the "heinous war crime."[398]
On 1 April, seven aid workers from World Central Kitchen, including British, Polish, Australian, and Irish nationals, were killed in an Israeli airstrike south of Deir al-Balah.[399][400][401] World Central Kitchen said their vehicles were clearly marked and their location known to Israel. World Central Kitchen, ANERA and Project HOPE suspended their operations in Gaza. 240 tons of aid from World Central Kitchen was not distributed due to its withdrawal.[402][403] On 4 April, Israel opened the Erez Crossing for the first time since 7 October after US pressure.[404]
On 7 April, Israel withdrew from the south Gaza Strip, with only one brigade remaining in the Netzarim Corridor in the north.[405] Palestinians displaced from that city began to return from the south of the Gaza Strip.[406] Israel planned to initiate its ground offensive in Rafah around mid-April, but postponed to consider its response to the Iranian strikes on Israel.[407] On 25 April, Israel intensified strikes on Rafah ahead of threatened invasion.[408][409] On 5 May, Hamas launched a rocket attack from Rafah towards Kerem Shalom, killing 3 Israeli soldiers.[410]
Rafah offensive (6 May 2024 – June 2024)
- Top: Israeli Merkava tanks at the Rafah Border Crossing
- Middle: The Givati Brigade in eastern Rafah
- Bottom: The Nahal Brigade in eastern Rafah
On 6 May, the Israeli military ordered civilians in eastern Rafah to evacuate to Al-Mawasi, west of Khan Yunis, affecting about 100,000 people.[411] Later that day, Hamas announced that it had accepted the terms of a ceasefire brokered by Egypt and Qatar.[412] The deal included a 6-week ceasefire and exchange of prisoners.[413] However, Israel rejected this deal.[414] Israel responded that the terms Hamas had accepted were "far from Israel's basic requirements", but that it would send a delegation to further negotiate "to exhaust the possibility of reaching an agreement under conditions acceptable to Israel", while the military operation on Rafah would continue in the meantime to "exert military pressure on Hamas".[415][416]
Hours after Hamas' announcement, Israel ordered a series of airstrikes on Rafah, while the Israeli war cabinet voted to invade Rafah.[417][418] Later that day, the IDF entered the outskirts of Rafah and approached the Rafah Crossing and Egyptian border.[417][419][420] On 7 May, the Israeli military seized control of the Gaza side of the Rafah Crossing bordering Egypt.[421][422] Haaretz reported that as talks continued, Israel committed to Egypt and the United States that it would limit fighting to the Rafah Crossing and transfer control of the area to an American security company. However, the State Department and White House denied any knowledge of this commitment.[423] The previous week, the US had paused a shipment of bombs to Israel over concerns of a Rafah offensive,[424] and on 8 May, US President Joe Biden said that the US would stop sending arms to Israel if it went ahead with a major invasion of Rafah.[425] By 11 May, the Israeli military ordered more residents to evacuate eastern and central Rafah.[426] By 15 May, an estimated 600,000 had fled Rafah and another 100,000 from the north, according to the United Nations.[427] On 24 May, the International Court of Justice ruled that "Israel must immediately halt its military offensive, and any other action in the Rafah Governorate, which may inflict on the Palestinian group in Gaza conditions of life that could bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part."[146][428]
On 24 May, the United Nations said only 906 aid truckloads had reached Gaza since Israel's Rafah operation began.[429] On 26 May, Hamas fired a barrage of rockets towards Central Israel for the first time in months. Israel bombed the Tel al-Sultan displacement camp in Rafah in an area designated by Israel as a safe zone, killing at least 45 people. The IDF said the strike hit a "militant compound" and killed two senior Hamas officials.[430][431] The bombing provoked a skirmish between Egyptian and Israeli soldiers at the Gaza border in which one Egyptian soldier was killed.[432] Despite global outrage and calls from government officials from around the world to halt its Rafah offensive, less than 48 hours after the Tel al-Sultan attack, the Al-Mawasi refugee camp, another designated civilian evacuation zone, was bombed, killing at least 21 people, thirteen of them women and girls.[433][434] The IDF denied involvement in the attack.[435] On 31 May, the United States announced a ceasefire framework for ending the war.[436]
Continued operations throughout Gaza (June 2024 – present)
This section appears to be slanted towards recent events. (August 2024) |
On 6 June, Israel bombed a UN-run school sheltering displaced people in the Nuseirat refugee camp in central Gaza, killing at least 33 Palestinians, including nine children and three women.[437] Israel said that the school housed a Hamas compound. Analyses found that US-made munitions and parts were used in the strike.[438][439]
On 8 June, Israel conducted an attack on Nuseirat refugee camp which resulted in the rescue of four hostages. The IDF said that the four hostages were found in sound medical condition.[440] This was a joint operation by the IDF, the Shin Bet and Yamam.[441] The United States provided advice and intelligence to Israeli forces during the raid, through its "hostage cell" stationed in Israel.[440][442] The Palestinian Red Crescent said that Israeli forces disguised themselves using humanitarian aid trucks to infiltrate the camp.[443] However, an eyewitness told BBC that he saw soldiers emerging from a truck full of furniture.[444] The attack resulted in the deaths of 274 Palestinians, including 64 children and 57 women.[445] Witnesses reported that entire residential blocks were wiped out.[446] The operation also resulted in the death of an Israeli officer in Yamam.[447]
Al Jazeera video of the Al-Awda School massacre | |
---|---|
External video | |
Video of the July 9 air strike and its aftermath taken by a football spectator who was filming the game. Contains graphic images of severe injury.[448] |
On 23 June, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu said that Israel would move troops to the Lebanese border, where exchanges of fire with Hezbollah have been escalating. He said that the most intense phase of fighting with Hamas was ending and that he was open to a partial deal with Hamas to return some of the hostages without a permanent ceasefire. Hamas said that any deal should include a permanent ceasefire and the withdrawal of Israeli forces, and that Netanyahu's position confirmed his rejection of the ceasefire deal put forward by the US and the recent UN Security Council resolution.[449][450] On 27 June, Israeli forces re-invaded the al-Shuja'iyya neighborhood in a surprise attack.[451]
On 9 July, at least 31 people were killed and 53 injured in an Israeli strike on a tent camp housing displaced people next to the UNRWA-run Al-Awda School in Abasan, east of Khan Yunis.[452][453][448] US-made munitions manufactured by Boeing were used in the attack.[454] On the same day, the IDF carried out a series of coordinated attacks in Gaza City and Deir al-Balah, killing at least 50 Palestinians and injuring 80 more.[455] On 12 July Israel pulled back from some areas of Gaza City, though snipers remained to control the high ground.[456][457][458]
On 15 July, the IDF said that a large number of tanks had been incapacitated in the course of the war.[459] That day, Israeli air raids destroyed the UNRWA's Gaza headquarters.[460] Commissioner-General Philippe Lazzarini, said that "turning the UNRWA headquarters in Gaza into a battlefield and flattening it to the ground was shocking".[461][462] Israeli forces destroyed the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital, prompting calls for an investigation from the Turkish government.[463][464]
On 22 July, the IDF began a second invasion of Khan Yunis.[465][466] Israel ordered the evacuation of the eastern part of Khan Yunis, with a total of 80% of the Gaza Strip under evacuation orders or declared a "no-go zone." By 23 July, an estimated 150,000 people had fled the evacuation zone.[467] 73 people were killed and more than 270 were injured including civilians during the first day of the attack.[466][468][469]
In late July, Israeli army commanders ordered soldiers to destroy a main water reservoir in the Tel Sultan neighborhood of Rafah. Soldiers filmed themselves planting and detonating the explosives and posted the video online, which was later used as evidence in an investigation by Israeli military police.[470][471]
On 31 July, Al Jazeera journalist Ismail al-Ghoul and his cameraman were killed in a targeted strike on their car west of Gaza City. They were reporting on the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh, which occurred earlier that day, from the area near his home in Gaza.[472]
On 1 August, Israel said it had confirmed the death of Mohammed Deif in the Al-Mawasi airstrike on 13 July.[473] There is no confirmation from Hamas.[473] Three Israeli missiles allegedly targeting Hamas militants killed at least 15 including women and children and injured several others in a school turned shelter for displaced civilians in Gaza City.[474][475]
On 2 August, Hamas announced the death of their two politburo members and three commanders of al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas in an Israeli strike in their tunnel under Gaza City.[476] At least 17 Palestinians including children were killed and over 60 were seriously injured in two Israeli airstrikes in a school turned shelter in Gaza City.[477][478] According to Israel, the strike targeted a command and control centre of Hamas in the compound used by Hamas militants as a hiding place and for weapons manufacturing.[479]
On 4 August, at least five Palestinians including a woman were killed and 18 were injured in an Israeli bombing of tents used to house displaced people at the yard of Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital.[480][481][482][483] Two Israeli airstrikes targeting two schools turned shelters in Gaza City killed at least 30 Palestinians.[484] Palestinian Civil Defence said that 80% of those killed and injured in these strikes were children.[485] The IDF said that the strikes targeted members of Al-Furqan Battalion of Hamas hiding in the schools and they used these schools as command centres for planning and executing attacks.[486]
By August 2024, almost 84% of Gaza was under evacuation orders from Israel.[487]
On 7 August, at least 10 including at least three members of a family were killed in an Israeli artillery shell strike in a tent camp in Abasan al-Kabira and in an Israeli strike against a tent in Bani Suheila for displaced Palestinians, both areas designated as a "safe zone" by Israeli forces.[488][489][490]
On 8 August, at least 15 Palestinians were killed and at least 30 were wounded in Israeli bombing of two schools housing displaced Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.[491] The IDF said that it targeted Hamas command centres.[492] Palestinian Civil Defence said that all the fatalities were children and women.[493]
On 10 August, at least 80 Palestinians, including women, children and elderly people, were killed and 47 were injured in Israeli airstrikes on a school used as a shelter by displaced Palestinians in Gaza City where people gathered for morning prayer.[494][495][496] The IDF claimed that it struck a Hamas command and control center and alleged that the school was used by 31 Hamas and PIJ militants and commanders for operations and they were killed in the strike.[497][496][498][499] Hamas said that Israel's claim of there being fighters in the school was false and that all killed were civilians.[500]
Between 4 July and 10 August, Israel attacked 21 schools in Gaza, killing 274 people.[501][502]
On 17 August, three Israeli missiles struck a warehouse used as shelter by a displaced family in Az-Zawayda, killing 16 Palestinians including nine children and three women. Another missile struck a horse cart, killing at least two Palestinians.[503][504] An Israeli airstrike struck a home in the vicinity of Nuseirat refugee camp, killing at least six Palestinians including two children.[505] UNRWA said that the "humanitarian safe zone" now comprised only 11% of Gaza Strip.[506] However, Palestinian Civil Defense said that the "humanitarian safe zone" is now comprised only 15% to 19% of Gaza Strip.[507] A 10 month-old contracted Gaza's first case of polio in 25 years.[508] An Israeli airstrike struck a home in Deir al-Balah, killing at least four people including a child and injured one person.[509]
On 19 August, an Israeli airstrike in Deir el-Balah killed eight members of a family including six children.[510] IDF fire in Khan Yunis killed a Palestinian infant and injured dozens.[511] An Israeli airstrike in Al-Shati refugee camp killed at least nine Palestinians including children.[512][513] Those killed included seven guards of Ismail Haniyeh.[514]
On 20 August, an Israeli airstrike struck a school sheltering displaced Palestinians in Gaza City, killing at least 12 people and injuring at least 15 people and others went missing.[515][516][517] The IDF said that it attacked Hamas militants who were using a "command centre" hidden in the school.[518] According to Palestinian Civil Defence, those killed included at least two children and the school sheltered 700 displaced Palestinians.[519]
Other confrontations
Hezbollah in southern Lebanon and the Houthi movement in Yemen have launched limited attacks against Israel, raising fears of a wider regional military conflict. Iranian-backed militias in Iraq and Syria have also traded attacks with the US and IDF.[520] Israel has bombed targets in and around Damascus throughout the war,[521][522][523] with an attack on the Iranian embassy in Damascus on 1 April leading to a direct Iranian response.[524] Iran launched a series of retaliatory airstrikes on Israel.[524][525] Over 100 Palestinians have been killed in confrontations with Israeli soldiers and settlers in the West Bank since 7 October. Settler violence has been heavily criticized by the IDF.[526][527]
West Bank and Israel
Amnesty International released a report[528] on 5 February 2024 stating that Israel is carrying out unlawful killings in the West Bank and displaying "a chilling disregard for Palestinian lives" and that Israeli forces are carrying out numerous illegal acts of violence that constitute clear violations of international law.[529][530]
Even before the war, 2023 was the deadliest year for Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied West Bank in 20 years. From 7 to 31 October, B'Tselem said that Israeli forces had killed more than 100 Palestinians while Israeli settlers had killed at least seven, leading to fears that the situation would escalate out of control.[526] About 1,000 Palestinians have been forcibly displaced by settlers since 7 October and almost half of clashes have included "Israeli forces accompanying or actively supporting Israeli settlers while carrying out the attacks" according to a U.N. report.[531] According to the West Bank Protection Consortium, which is funded by the European Union, since the 7 October attacks six Palestinian communities have been abandoned due to the violence.[532]
By 10 October, confrontations between Palestinians and Israeli forces had left 15 Palestinians dead, including two in East Jerusalem.[533] On 11 October, Israeli settlers attacked the village of Qusra, killing four Palestinians. A 16-year-old child was fatally shot by the IDF in Bani Na'im, while another person was shot dead by the IDF near Bethlehem.[534] On 12 October, two Palestinians were killed after Israeli settlers interrupted a funeral procession for Palestinians killed in prior settler attacks and opened fire.[535][536][537]
On 18 October, protests broke out over the al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion, with clashes reported in Ramallah.[538] In Jenin, a 12-year-old girl was shot dead by crossfire from Palestinian Authority security forces, and another youth was injured by PA forces in Tubas. One Palestinian was killed in confrontations with Israeli forces in Nabi Salih, and 30 others were injured across the West Bank.[539] On 19 October, more than 60 Hamas members were arrested and 12 people were killed in overnight Israeli raids across the West Bank. Those arrested included the movement's spokesperson in the West Bank, Hassan Yousef.[540]
On 22 October, Israel struck the al-Ansar Mosque in the Jenin refugee camp, saying that it had killed several "terror operatives" from Hamas and Islamic Jihad who were planning attacks inside without providing evidence.[541] Within a few days Ayser Mohammad Al-Amer, a senior commander of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad was killed during a clash with IDF in the Jenin refugee camp.[542] On 31 October, the IDF engaged Hamas around Shuweika.[543]
On 1 November, Issa Amro said the situation in the West Bank had become "very hard", noting "All the checkpoints are closed. Israeli settlers and soldiers are acting violently with the Palestinians."[544] The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs warned Israeli settler violence against Palestinians was on the rise.[545]
On 20 April, fourteen Palestinians were killed in clashes during an Israeli raid in the West Bank. Palestinian sources identified one of the victims as a militant,[546] while Israel said that 14 gunmen were killed.[547]
In July 2024, Israeli authorities approved the seizure of 12.7 square kilometers of land in the occupied West Bank. According to Peace Now, this was the largest single appropriation approved since the 1993 Oslo accords."[548] On 4 July, Israeli authorites approved plans for almost 5,300 new houses in occupied West Bank.[549]
On 7 August, Wafa reported that Israeli forces destroyed the regional headquarters of Fatah in the Balata Camp.[550][551]
On 14 August, the Israeli government approved new settlements in the occupied West Bank.[552][553]
Attacks in Israel
On 30 November, two Palestinian gunmen killed three and wounded eleven Israeli civilians at a bus stop on the Givat Shaul Interchange in Jerusalem. Hamas claimed responsibility.[554]
On 16 February 2024, a Palestinian gunman shot and killed two Israeli civilians and injured four others in Kiryat Malakhi, Israel. The shooter was killed by an off-duty IDF reservist at the scene.[555]
On 12 April 2024 a 14-old Israeli shepherd was killed and on 16 April 2024 two Palestinians were killed by Israeli settlers in Aqraba.[556]
On 13 May, at the Tarqumiya checkpoint, a convoy of trucks carrying food supplies to Gaza was attacked by Israeli settlers, who damaged the trucks and threw supplies on the ground.[557]
Israeli prisons and detention camps
In December 2023, a military base at Sde Teiman in the Negev Desert was converted to a detention camp by the IDF. Whistleblowers and testimonies from detainees in reports by media outlets, human rights organizations and the UN detailed systematic rape, gang-rape, sexualized torture and other forms of sexual violence by Israeli male and female guards, soldiers and medical staff against Palestinian civilians, including children, women and men, at Sde Teiman and other detention camps.[558][559][560][561][562] Testimonies and whistleblowers also confirmed the systematic use of psychological and physical torture such as severe and prolonged beatings, amputations of limbs due to injuries sustained from handcuffing, medical neglect and arbitrary punishment.[563][564][565] After conditions in the camp came to light in May 2024, Israel's supreme court held a hearing and the IDF began transferring 1,200 of the prisoners to Ofer Prison.[566]
On 29 July 2024, military police raided Sde Teiman to arrest ten soldiers "suspected of the serious sexual abuse" of a Palestinian detainee. Itamar Ben-Gvir and other members of the Otzma Yehudit party condemned the arrests.[563] Far right supporters of the arrested soldiers including Ben Gvir, Amihai Eliyahu, Zvi Sukkot and Nissim Vaturi stormed Sde Teiman that night in protest. Hours later, protestors broke into Beit Lid where the soldiers were being held.[567]
Israel–Lebanon border
A series of border clashes occurred along the Israel–Lebanon border. On 8 October, Hezbollah launched an artillery attack on Israeli positions in Shebaa Farms; this was met with immediate retaliation.[568][569] Skirmishes have occurred every day since, spilling over to the occupied Golan Heights. The clashes resulted in the deaths of 513 Lebanese militants and 15 Israeli soldiers,[570][571] as well as over 72 Lebanese civilians, 15 Syrian civilians and six Israeli civilians,[572][573] one Lebanese Army soldier,[574] and the displacement of 100,000 people in Lebanon and 80,000 more in Israel.[575][576] The inability of Israelis to return to settlements and homes in the north of the country led to Antony Blinken stating that Israel had effectively "lost sovereignty in the northern quadrant of its country".[577] The ongoing exchange of strikes between Israel and Hezbollah risks escalating into a full-scale war.[149] On 27 July 2024, the Majdal Shams attack occurred, killing 12 children in the Golan Heights area.[578][579] The attack, which was carried out by Hezbollah according to Israel and the US, marked a big escalation in hostilities and opened discussion about a broader war with Lebanon. Hezbollah denied responsibility for the attack.[580]
Yemen and the Red Sea
Several strikes against Israel and commercial ships in the Red Sea are thought to have launched by Iran-backed Houthi militants in Yemen.[581][582][583] On 19 October, the United States Navy destroyer USS Carney shot down several missiles that were traveling north over the Red Sea towards Israel.[584] On 31 October, Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree said that the group had launched ballistic missiles and drones towards Israel, and that they would continue to do so "to help the Palestinians to victory"[585] in an event that has been misrepresented in some news sites as a declaration of war by Yemen.[586] On 19 November, tensions increased when the Galaxy Leader, a cargo ship chartered by a Japanese logistics company with 25 individuals on board, was hijacked by the Houthis using a Mil Mi-17 helicopter.[587]
On 3 December, the Houthis said that they had attacked two ships, the Unity Explorer and Number 9, allegedly linked to Israel, in order "to prevent Israeli ships from navigating the Red Sea".[588][589] Any ship destined for Israel, according to the group, was a "legitimate target". Saree announced in a post on X that the "horrific massacres" against the Palestinians in Gaza was the reason for this decision and that they will not stop until the Gaza Strip is supplied with food and medicine. Israeli National Security Adviser Tzachi Hanegbi called this development a "global issue" and that Israel is "giving the world some time to organize in order to prevent this" otherwise, the country would "act in order to remove this naval siege".[590]
On 19 July, a Houthi drone strike caused a large explosion which killed one person and wounded at least 10 near the US embassy in Tel Aviv.[591] On 20 July Israeli planes struck military facilities and oil depots at the port of Hodeidah in response, killing at least 6 people and wounding at least 83 people.[592]
Iraq
Since November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has claimed responsibility for drone and missile attacks against targets within Israel in retaliation for Israeli attacks on Palestinian civilians in Gaza. The group stated it would continue to "strike enemy strongholds". Strikes were recorded in Eilat,[593] the Dead Sea coastline,[594][595] the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights,[596] the Karish rig,[597] Haifa Bay,[598] Ashdod,[599] Kiryat Shmona,[600] Tel Aviv,[601][602] and in Elifelet.[603]
In late January, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq announced it had entered its second phase of operations which included blockading the Mediterranean maritime routes to Israeli ports and disabling the ports.[604] Since then, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq has launched joint military operations on Israel with the Yemeni Houthis and has consistently targeted ships in Haifa port in coordination.[605][606]
Syria
On 10 October 2023, Israel exchanged rocket and mortar fire with forces in southern Syria. On 12 October, Israel bombed the Damascus and Aleppo airports ahead of a visit to Syria by Iranian foreign minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian.[521] Since 2024, Israel has continued to launch airstrikes at targets in Syria, including in Damascus[523] and Aleppo.[607] Some of its targets include officials and locations associated with Iran such as members of the Quds Force[608] and the Iranian consulate in Damascus.[609][610] On 13 July 2024, one soldier was killed and three other people were injured in Israeli strikes in and around Damascus.[611]
Iran
On 24 November 2023, a suspected Iranian drone attacked the CMA CGM Symi, owned by Eastern Pacific Shipping, whose principal is Israeli, in the Indian Ocean, according to a US defense official. An anonymous source said the drone was suspected to have been a Shahed-136 drone. The attack caused damage to the ship but did not injure any of the crew.[612]
In December, the US military was reportedly looking to build a maritime task force to protect trade against Iranian harassment.[613]
On 23 December, a suspected Iranian drone attacked the Israel-affiliated oil tanker MV Chem Pluto in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Gujarat. The attack did not harm any of its 20 crew members, but caused a fire that was extinguished. The vessel was reportedly carrying Saudi oil to Mangalore, India.[614]
On 13 April, following an Israeli airstrike on its consulate building in Damascus, Syria on 1 April,[615] Iran launched Operation True Promise,[616] a series of retaliatory airstrikes on Israel,[524][525] attacking the country from Iranian soil for the first time.[617] On the same day, the IRGC Navy boarded the Portuguese-registered and Madeira-flagged container ship MSC Aries in the Strait of Hormuz via helicopter, and directed it to Iranian territory for "violating maritime law". The ship is leased by MSC from Gortal Shipping, an affiliate of Zodiac Maritime, whose principal is Israeli.[618][619]
Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh
On 31 July, Hamas political leader Ismail Haniyeh was assassinated in Tehran, where he had traveled to attend the inauguration of President Masoud Pezeshkian. Iranian media said an Israeli strike took place at 02:00 and targeted a residence for war veterans in North Tehran, where Haniyeh was staying.[620] Hamas called the assassination "a treacherous Zionist raid".[621]
Casualties
As of 9 August 2024[update], over 41,000 people (39,677 Palestinian[622] and 1,478 Israeli[634]) have been reported as killed in the Israel–Hamas war, including 113 journalists (108 Palestinian, 2 Israeli and 3 Lebanese)[635] and over 224 humanitarian aid workers, including 179 employees of UNRWA.[636]
The vast majority of casualties have been in the Gaza Strip where, according to a PCOSR report, over 60% of Gazans have lost family members since 7 October.[637] The death tolls reported by the UNOCHA come from Gaza Health Ministry (GHM).[638] The casualty total includes all reported deaths, while the demographic breakdown uses only casualties with associated identities.[639] The GHM announced on 30 April 2024 that 24,686 casualties had been specifically identified through hospitals, family members, and media reports;[640] of these, 52% were women and minors, 43% were men over 18, and 5% were not identified by age or sex.[641] The GHM count does not include those who have died from "preventable disease, malnutrition and other consequences of the war".[642] An analysis by the Gaza Health Projections Working Group predicted thousands of excess deaths from disease and birth complications.[643]
The 7 October attacks on Israel killed 1,139 people, including 815 civilians.[644] A further 251 persons were taken hostage during the initial attack on Israel to the Gaza Strip.[623][645][646] A further 479 Palestinians, including 116 children, and 9 Israelis have been killed in the occupied West Bank (including East Jerusalem).[622] Casualties have also occurred in other parts of Israel, as well as in southern Lebanon, and Syria.[647]
According to the Israeli Ministry of Defense's Rehabilitation Division, every month about 1,000 soldiers suffer casualties.[648]
On 14 August, the Israeli Defence Ministry predicted that it would have to account for 100,000 disabled IDF veterans by 2030 due to the war.[649]
Humanitarian crisis
The Gaza Strip is experiencing a humanitarian crisis as a result of the Israel–Hamas war.[650][651] The crisis includes both a famine and a healthcare collapse. At the start of the war, Israel tightened its blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential medical supplies.[650][652][653] This siege resulted in a 90% drop in electricity availability, impacting hospital power supplies, sewage plants, and shutting down the desalination plants that provide drinking water.[654] Widespread disease outbreaks have spread across Gaza.[651]
Heavy bombardment by Israeli airstrikes caused catastrophic damage to Gaza's infrastructure, further deepening the crisis. Direct attacks on telecommunications infrastructure by Israel, electricity blockades and fuel shortages caused the near-total collapse of Gaza's largest cell network providers.[655][656][657] Lack of internet access has obstructed Gazan citizens from communicating with loved ones, learning of IDF operations, and identifying both the areas most exposed to bombing and possible escape routes.[655] The blackouts have also impeded emergency services, making it more difficult to locate and access the time-critical injured,[655] and have impeded humanitarian aid agencies and journalists as well.[655] By December 2023, 200,000 Gazans (approximately 10% of the population) had received internet access through an eSIM provided by Connecting Humanity.[658]
The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 4,000 children killed in the war's first month.[659] UN Secretary General António Guterres stated Gaza had "become a graveyard for children."[ad][662][663] Indirect Palestinian deaths are expected to be much higher due to the intensity of the conflict, destruction of health care infrastructure, lack of food, water, shelter, and safe places for civilians to flee, and reduction in UNRWA funding, with one Lancet study stating that the death toll in Gaza, including future deaths indirectly caused by the war, might exceed 186,000.[664][665] Organizations such as Doctors Without Borders, the Red Cross, and a joint statement by UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the UN Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, and World Food Programme have warned of a dire humanitarian collapse.[666][667][668] On 8 November, UN Human Rights chief Volker Türk described the Rafah Crossing as "gates to a living nightmare."[669]
On 30 July 2024, Gaza Health Ministry announced a Polio epidemic in Gaza.[670]
Scale of destruction
The scale, extent, and pace of destruction of buildings in the Gaza Strip ranks among the most severe in modern history,[671][672][673][674][675] surpassing the bombing of Dresden, Hamburg, and London combined during World War II.[676][677][678] The 29,000 munitions—shells and bombs—that Israel had dropped on Gaza in three months greatly exceed the amount (3,678) dropped by the United States between 2004 and 2010 after its invasion of Iraq.[679] After seven months, Israel's war left 37 million tonnes of rubble, much of it with unexploded bombs and averaging 300 kilograms of rubble per square metre of Gaza, with an estimated removal time of 14 years.[680] The estimated extent of the destruction ranges from 35% of all buildings (March 2024, UNITAR)[681][682] to 70% (December 2023, The Wall Street Journal),[672] with a higher level of destruction in northern Gaza.[683][684] The damage to buildings in northern Gaza reportedly exceeds that in Bakhmut and Mariupol in the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[674] Aleppo in the Battle of Aleppo,[671] and Mosul and Raqqa in the War against the Islamic State;[671] by 5 December 2023, the percentage of buildings damaged or destroyed in Gaza exceeded Dresden and Cologne during World War II and approached the level of destruction seen in Hamburg.[674][685] Bombing has destroyed or damaged apartment buildings, hospitals, schools, religious sites, factories, and shopping centers.[672] The Guardian reported that the scale of destruction has led international legal experts to raise the concept of domicide, which it describes as "the mass destruction of dwellings to make [a] territory uninhabitable".[673]
War crimes
Since the start of the war, the UN Human Rights Council has identified "clear evidence" of war crimes by both Hamas and the Israel Defense Forces.[686] A UN Commission to the Israel–Palestine conflict stated that there is "clear evidence that war crimes may have been committed in the latest explosion of violence in Israel and Gaza, and all those who have violated international law and targeted civilians must be held accountable."[687][688][689] On 27 October, a spokesperson for the OHCHR called for an independent court to review potential war crimes committed by both sides.[690]
The International Criminal Court confirmed that its mandate to investigate alleged war crimes committed since June 2014 in the State of Palestine extends to the current conflict.[691][686][692] On 20 May, ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan announced his intention to seek arrest warrants against Hamas leaders Yahya Sinwar, Mohammed Deif and Ismail Haniyeh and Israeli leaders Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Minister of Defense Yoav Gallant, for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity during the war.[693][694][695]
On 7 June 2024, both Israel and Hamas were added to the list of shame, an annex attached to an annual report submitted by the UN Secretary-General documenting rights violations against children in armed conflict. While past reports accused Israel of grave rights violations against children, the country was never included in the annex.[696][697][698]
On 19 June 2024, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory presented a detailed report to the United Nations Human Rights Council covering the war from 7 October to 31 December 2023, affirming that both Hamas and Israel committed war crimes and that Israel's actions also constituted crimes against humanity.[699][700][701][702]
The report found that the military wing of Hamas and six other Palestinian armed groups are responsible for the war crimes of intentionally directing attacks against civilians, murder or willful killing, torture, inhuman or cruel treatment, destroying or seizing the property of an adversary, outrages upon personal dignity, and taking hostages, including children.[703][704] In relation to Israeli military operations and attacks in Gaza, the commission concluded that Israeli authorities are responsible for the war crimes of starvation as a method of warfare, murder or willful killing, intentionally directing attacks against civilians and civilian objects, forcible transfer, sexual violence, torture and inhuman or cruel treatment, arbitrary detention and outrages upon personal dignity. It also found that Israel committed numerous crimes against humanity, including carrying out the extermination of Palestinians and gender persecution targeting Palestinian men and boys.[705][706][707] The commission said that they had submitted 7,000 pieces of evidence to the International Criminal Court related to crimes committed by Israel and Hamas, as part of the International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine.[708]
Diplomatic impact
The war sparked a major diplomatic crisis, with many countries around the world reacting strongly to the conflict that affected the momentum of regional relations.[709] At least nine countries took the drastic step of recalling their ambassadors and cutting diplomatic ties with Israel.[710][711] The war has also resulted in a renewed focus on a two-state solution to the broader conflict.[712][713] Global public opinion of Israel has dropped during the war as well; a Morning Consult poll published in January 2024 indicated that the United States was the only remaining wealthy country in which Israel had net positive approval.[714]
Negotiations have focused on the possibility of a ceasefire in the war, with Egypt and Qatar serving as mediators in negotiations between Israel and Hamas.[715][716] The United Nations Security Council passed resolution 2728 in March 2024, demanding an immediate ceasefire and the unconditional release of hostages for the month of Ramadan.[717][718]
Following talks mediated by China, on 23 July 2024, Palestinian groups including Hamas and Fatah reached an agreement to end their divisions and form a unity government for Gaza, which they announced in the "Beijing Declaration".[719]
Reactions
Israel
The Israeli government's response to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel has multiple aspects, including a military response leading to the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. In October, the Knesset approved a war cabinet in Israel, adding National Unity ministers and altering the government; Benjamin Netanyahu and Benny Gantz froze non-war legislation, establishing a war cabinet with military authority.
The IDF's subsequent large-scale bombing and invasion of Gaza led to a humanitarian crisis, mass detentions, and famine. Israel's response was criticized as resulting in war crimes, and it was charged with genocide by South Africa in the International Court of Justice.[720] Settler expansions and officials' controversial remarks heightened unrest, leading to protests in Israel. The Knesset's law criminalizing "terrorist materials" consumption drew criticism.[721]
In an interview to the Wall Street Journal on 25 December, Netanyahu said that Israel's objectives were to "destroy Hamas, demilitarize Gaza and deradicalize the whole of Palestinian society".[722] There was broad support in Israeli society for military operations in Gaza.[723][724] Public opinion poll conducted in December 2023 by the Israel Democracy Institute found that 87% of Jewish Israelis supported the war in Gaza.[725]
Palestinian territories
Initially, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas asserted the Palestinians' right to self-defense against the "terror of settlers and occupation troops"[726] and condemned the orders by Israel for residents to evacuate north Gaza, labeling it a "second Nakba".[727] Later, Abbas rejected the killing of civilians on both sides, and said that the Palestinian Liberation Organization was the sole representative of the Palestinians.[728]
International
This section needs to be updated.(May 2024) |
Significant geopolitical divisions emerged during the war. Much of the Western world provided strong diplomatic and military support to Israel,[729] including the United States,[730] United Kingdom,[731] and Germany[732] although the strong support is "at odds with the attitudes of Western publics which continue to shift away from Israel", according to Hugh Lovatt, a senior policy fellow with the Middle East and North Africa Programme at the European Council on Foreign Relations. Lovatt says that during the Cold War, Israel sided with the West against the Arab countries supported by the Soviets, and Western leaders generally see Israel "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club" and that this partially "explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive".[729] At least 44 nations denounced Hamas and explicitly condemned its conduct on 7 October as terrorism, including a joint statement by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany.[733]
In contrast, the Islamic world and much of the Global South denounced the actions of Israel and its allies, criticizing the "moral authority of the West" and alleging that it holds double standards surrounding human rights.[729][734] The double standards, in their view, is condemning an illegal occupation in Ukraine while standing firmly behind Israel that has occupied Palestinian lands.[735] Bolivia has cut all ties with Israel as a result of the conflict, while fellow South American countries Colombia and Chile recalled their ambassadors to the country.[296][736]
The United States, United Kingdom, and Germany have supplied Israel with substantial military and medical aid.[731][737][738]
The Israeli government's response prompted international protests, arrests, and harassment.[739]
Evacuations of foreign nationals
Brazil announced a rescue operation of nationals using an air force transport aircraft.[740] Poland announced that it would deploy two C-130 transport planes to evacuate 200 of its nationals.[741] Hungary evacuated 215 of its nationals from Israel using two aircraft on 9 October, while Romania evacuated 245 of its citizens, including two pilgrimage groups, on two TAROM planes and two private aircraft on the same day.[742] Australia also announced repatriation flights.[743] 300 Nigerian pilgrims in Israel fled to Jordan before being airlifted home.[744]
On 12 October, the United Kingdom arranged flights for its citizens in Israel; the first plane departed Ben Gurion Airport that day. The government had said before that it would not be evacuating its nationals due to available commercial flights. However, most commercial flights were suspended.[745] Nepal arranged a flight to evacuate at least 254 of its citizens who were studying in Israel.[746] India launched Operation Ajay to evacuate its citizens from Israel.[747] Ukraine has facilitated the evacuation of around 450 of its citizens from Israel as of 18 October, with additional evacuation flights in the planning for the near future.[748]
Regional effects
This section should include a better summary of Effects of the Israel–Hamas war. (May 2024) |
According to Daniel Byman and Alexander Palmer, the attack showcased the decline of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the rise of Hamas as a power center in Palestinian politics. They predicted the PLO's further decline if the status quo held.[749] Laith Alajlouni wrote that the immediate effect of the Hamas offensive was to unite Hamas and PLO. However, it may soon lead to conflict between them, possibly leading the PLO to lose control of the security situation in the West Bank, if more militant groups there begin to launch their independent attacks.[750]
Political journalist Peter Beaumont described the attack as "an intelligence failure for the ages" on the part of the Israeli government.[751] The Jewish News Syndicate deemed it a "failure of imagination".[752] A BBC report on the intelligence failure commented that "it must have taken extraordinary levels of operational security by Hamas".[753] US officials expressed shock at how Israeli intelligence appeared to be unaware of any preparations by Hamas.[754] Israeli officials later anonymously reported to Axios that the IDF and Shin Bet had detected abnormal movements by Hamas the day before the attack, but decided to wait for additional intelligence before raising the military's alert level. They also did not inform political leaders of the intelligence reports.[755]
Amit Segal, chief political commentator for Israel's Channel 12, said that the conflict would test Benjamin Netanyahu's survival as prime minister, noting that past wars had toppled the governments of several of his predecessors such as that of Golda Meir following the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Menachem Begin following the 1982 Lebanon War, and Ehud Olmert following the 2006 Lebanon War.[756] Prior to the formation of an emergency unity government on 11 October, Politico described the then-potential move as Netanyahu's opportunity to correct his course and save his political legacy.[757] Citing the Israeli intelligence failure, which some observers attributed to the incumbent government focusing more on internal dissent, the judicial reform, and efforts to deepen Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories,[758] some commentators criticized Netanyahu for putting aside the PLO and propping up Hamas,[759] and described him as a liability.[760][761]
In an analysis by The Times of Israel, the newspaper wrote, "Hamas has violently shifted the world's eyes back to the Palestinians and dealt a severe blow to the momentum for securing a landmark US-brokered deal between Israel and Saudi Arabia."[762] Andreas Kluth wrote in his Bloomberg News column that Hamas "torched Biden's deal to remake the Middle East", arguing that the deal that was being discussed between Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the United States would have left Palestinians in the cold, so the group decided to "blow the whole thing up". He added that viewed from Gaza, things were only going to get worse, considering that Netanyahu's coalition partners opposed a two-state solution for the conflict. He suggested they would prefer to annex the entirety of the West Bank, even at the expense of turning Israel into an apartheid state.[763]
Economic impact
On 9 November, the Bank of Israel reported that the drop in labor supply caused by the war was costing the Israeli economy $600 million a week, or 6% of weekly GDP. The bank also stated that the estimate does not reflect total damage and did not include damages caused by the absence of Palestinian and foreign workers.[764] In the final quarter of 2023, the Israeli economy shrank by 5.2% quarter-to-quarter due to labour shortages in construction and from the mobilization of 300,000 reservists.[765] While Israel did still see economic growth of 2%, this was down from 6.5% growth in the year before the war. Further consequences of the war were that consumer spending declined by 27%, imports declined by 42% and exports were reported to decline by 18%.
Israel's high-tech factories reported on 25 December that they had been having trouble with electronic imports from China due to recent bureaucratic obstacles, leading to higher import costs and delayed delivery times.[766] Israeli officials also reported that China had refused to send workers to their country during the war against the backdrop of a worker shortage in Israel's construction and farming sectors.[767] China's actions were described as a de facto sanction.[768][766]
The Water Transport Workers Federation of India, a trade union representing 11 major Indian ports and 3,500 workers, said it would refuse to operate shipments carrying weapons to Israel.[769] The declaration came a few months after one Indian company halted production of Israeli police uniforms due to the war in Gaza.[770]
About 9,855 Thai workers in the agricultural sector, 4,331 workers in the construction sector and 2,997 in the nursing sector left Israel following al-Aqsa Flood. In addition, the prevention of 85,000 Palestinian workers from entering Israel created a shortage of about 100,000 foreign and Palestinian workers.[771]
It has been calculated that the carbon cost in terms of climate impact of rebuilding Gaza would exceed the annual greenhouse emissions of 135 countries.[772]
Media coverage
This section should include a better summary of Media coverage of the Israel–Hamas war. (May 2024) |
Criticism from journalists
Over 750 journalists signed an open letter condemning "Israel's killing of reporters in Gaza and criticizing Western media's coverage of the war". The letter said newsrooms are "accountable for dehumanizing rhetoric that has served to justify ethnic cleansing of Palestinians". Signers of the letter were criticized for potentially impeding their organizations' ability to gather news and could face management backlash,[773] Semafor reported that Los Angeles Times journalists who signed the letter were barred from covering the Gaza war "in any way" for at least three months.[774]
On 13 November eleven international news organizations sent a letter to Israel and Egypt, asking for access to the Gaza Strip to cover the war.[775]
CBS reported on 14 December a statement of the International Federation of Journalists noting that "the number of journalists killed in the past two months in the war in Gaza has surpassed the amount killed in the Vietnam War, which lasted two decades".[776] More than 50 Palestinian journalists died.[776] Various dangerous conditions such as airstrikes, lack of food, risks related to lack of clean water and shelter make it such that "Palestine is one of the most dangerous places for a journalist to do their job".[776] Reporters Without Borders filed a complaint with the International Criminal Court under section 8.2.b of the Rome Statute, accusing Israel of committing war crimes against 8 journalists.[777][778] It also lodged a complaint against Hamas, under section 8.2.a of the Rome Statute for the killing of a reporter covering the 7 October attack.[777]
The Committee to Protect Journalists has accused Israel of targeting journalists reporting from Gaza and their families, saying that in at least two cases, "journalists reported receiving threats from Israeli officials and Israel Defense Forces officers before their family members were killed".[779]
Unsubstantiated reports of certain 7 October atrocities
In the aftermath of the initial Hamas assault, witnesses from the IDF and the Israeli organization ZAKA reported on various media outlets that they had seen bodies of beheaded infants and children at the site of the Kfar Aza massacre.[780][781][782] This claim was repeated by the US President Biden and by Secretary of State Blinken with the White House subsequently saying that the President was referring to the reports of beheadings.[783][784]
However, these stories were later found to be untrue or unverified.[785][784][786] It has been determined that only two babies are known to have died on 7 October.[785]
Embedded journalists with Israel
Foreign media such as CNN, ABC, NBC, The New York Times, and Fox News, have limited access to Gaza only in the presence of Israeli soldiers. Vox reported that the news organizations "have to submit all materials and footage to the IDF for review before publication".[778]
Censorship by social media companies
On 20 December, Human Rights Watch issued a 51-page report documenting Meta's pattern of removal and suppression of speech on Facebook and Instagram including peaceful expression in support of Palestine and public debate about Palestinian human rights.[787]
Israel's ban of Al Jazeera
On 5 May 2024, the Israeli government shutdown Al Jazeera in Israel and authorized seizing its equipment.[788][789]
See also
- Background to the Israel–Hamas war
- Timeline of the Israel–Hamas war
- List of military engagements during the Israel–Hamas war
- List of wars involving Israel
- List of wars involving the State of Palestine
- Outline of the Israel–Hamas war
- Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023
- Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2024
Notes
- ^ a b Activity outside the Gaza Strip is unconfirmed for PRC and PFLP-GC.
- ^ Lions' Den are only active in the West Bank.
- ^ In the Gaza Strip, smaller Palestinian groups fighting in the war include: Palestinian Freedom Movement (Al-Ansar Brigades),[5][6] Jaysh al-Ummah,[8] and various minor al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades splinter groups (several of which possibly rejoined the al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades just before the war).[6] Furthermore, a number of Palestinian militant groups in the West Bank have involved themselves in the conflict, including: Lions' Den,[9] and various al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades sub-groups such as Hornets' Nest,[10] Jenin Battalion,[11] Qalqilya Battalion, etc.[11]
- ^ Combined forces of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad.[19][20] Estimates for Hamas alone are highly variable, from 20,000 to over 40,000.[21][22]
- ^ Including 169,500 active personnel[23] and 360,000 reservists[24]
- ^ Per United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:15,000 children.[28][31][32]
- Per Al Jazeera English:nearly 16,500 children.[26]
- ^ Per United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:4,959 women[28][33]
- Per Gaza government media office:11,088 women.[34]
- ^ Per United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs:493[28]
- Per Gaza government media office:885.[36]
- ^ Per the UN[37][38]
- ^ but true figure is likely to be far higher.[44][45]
- ^ Per the Hamas-run Gaza Health Ministry,[25] the number of deaths recorded is 40,173.[26][27]
The number of dead identified is 28,185, including:[28][29]- 11,000+ men[28][30]
- 9,351 - 16,000+ children[f]
- 5,320 - 11,000+ women[g]
- 2,414+ elderly[28][35]
- 493-885+ paramedics and medical staff[h]
- 207+ UN staff[i]
- 169+ journalists[39][40]
Indirect deaths likely to be multiple times higher[41]
- At least 37 deaths confirmed due to malnutrition only and deaths were also confirmed due to dehydration,[42][43][j]
Per Hamas
- ≤ 20% Hamas fighters (late April 2024)[46]
Per Israel:
- 33,000+ Palestinians killed (May 2024)[47]
Per US intelligence:
- ^
Per International Committee of the Red Cross:
- Approximately 6,400.[53]
- 10,000 people are missing under rubble, mostly presumed dead.[54]
- ^ 92,857+ wounded[26][27]
- ^ Per the Palestinian Health Authority
- ^ * Per Palestinian Ministry of Education and Higher Education: Including 103 students.[63]
- Per Al Jazeera English: Including 147+ children.[26]
- Per Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics[64]
- ^ Based on Israel proper (1967 borders).
- ^ Per Israel.[67]
- ^ Per Israel
- ^ Per Hezbollah, Lebanon and Israel
- ^ Including a Canadian, Australian and Syrian national[80][81]
- ^ Including:
- ^ Per the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
- ^ Including:[85][86]
- 114 Iran-backed militiamen[ambiguous]
- 60 Hezbollah fighters
- 54 Syrian soldiers
- 26 IRGC soldiers
- 2 Palestinian Islamic Jihad fighters
- 21 civilians
- ^ Per Israel
- ^ Including:
- 817 on October 7[87][88][89] (including 258 foreign or dual national citizens and 14+ hostages in Gaza)[90]
- 34 additional hostages in Gaza thought dead[91]
- 26 on the Lebanese border[92]
- 2 in Alexandria, Egypt
- 13 in the West Bank and Israel by 11 August 2024 (per OCHA oPt),[93][94] not including 1 mistakenly killed by Israeli forces in Jerusalem[95] and 4 killed by militants (2 near Ofra[96] and 2 in Holon),[97] bringing the total to 17 conflict-related deaths for the period
- 1 in Rafah, Gaza Strip[98]
- 1 in Tel Aviv[99]
- ^ Including:[100]
- 694 soldiers
- 63 Israel Police officers
- 10 Shin Bet personnel[101]
- ^ Including:[104]
- <131 soldiers
- 120+ civilians[105][106]
- 32 children[107]
- 52 foreign or dual nationals
- ^ Including Palestinian Islamic Jihad, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
- ^ These casualty numbers exclude the invading Palestinian militants who died in the subsequent fighting with Israeli armed personnel.
- ^ Israeli UN Ambassador Gilad Erdan responded directly to Guterres, stating, "Shame on [Guterres]... More than 30 minors – among them a 9-month-old baby as well as toddlers and children who witnessed their parents being murdered in cold blood – are being held against their will in the Gaza Strip. Hamas is the problem in Gaza, not Israel's actions to eliminate this terrorist organization."[660][661]
References
- ^
"UNRWA Situation Report #1 on the Situation in the Gaza Strip"] (Situation Report)". United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East. United Nations. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
At 06:30 on the morning of 7 October 2023, Hamas launched more than 5,000 rockets reportedly fired towards Israel from multiple locations in Gaza, as well as ground operation into Israel.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Officer, 2 soldiers killed in clash with terrorists on Lebanon border; mortars fired". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Who are Hamas's allies in Gaza? From Islamic Jihad to Marxist militants". The National. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ a b Abdelali Ragad; Richard Irvine-Brown; Benedict Garman; Sean Seddon (24 November 2023). "How Hamas built a force to attack Israel on 7 October". BBC. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ a b Guy Van Vlierden (14 October 2023). "HLN Onderzoek. Van jihadisten tot communisten: zeker 10 groeperingen deden mee met actie Palestijnse terroristen (HLN Research. From jihadists to communists: at least 10 groups participated in Palestinian terrorist action)". Het Laatste Nieuws. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Smyth, Phillip (December 2023). "The Path to October 7: How Iran Built Up and Managed a Palestinian 'Axis of Resistance'". CTC Sentinel. 16 (11). Combating Terrorism Center.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (19 October 2023). "IDF says it killed head of military wing of Gaza's Popular Resistance Committees". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Joe Truzman (19 December 2023). "Al Qaeda-aligned Jaysh al-Ummah says it is fighting Israeli troops in Gaza". FDD's Long War Journal. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ Burke, Jason (26 November 2023). "Disappointed, disenchanted, defiant: inside the world of the West Bank's angry armed youths". The Observer. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran Update, December 23, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ a b "Iran Update, December 20, 2023". Institute for the Study of War.
- ^ "Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack". Asharq Al-Awsat. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Nada Homsi (31 October 2023). "'We're with the resistance': Hezbollah allies the Fajr Forces join Lebanon-Israel front". The National. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ "الوكالة الوطنية للإعلام - القومي أعلن استشهاد أحد مقاتليه وسام محمد سليم" [The National News Agency announced the martyrdom of one of its fighters, Wissam Muhammad Salim.]. nna-leb.gov.lb (in Arabic). 15 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ Dahan, Maha El (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthis enter Mideast fray, hardening spillover fears". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ Ben-Ari, Lior; Zitun, Yoav (22 December 2023). "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim struck Israel's Karish natural gas rig in Mediterranean". Ynetnews. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ "Institute for the Study of War". Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Abraham, Yuval (3 April 2024). "'Lavender': The AI machine directing Israel's bombing spree in Gaza". +972 Magazine. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
as many as 37,000 Palestinians as suspected militants
- ^ "How Israel is using 'Lavender' and 'Daddy' to identify 37,000 Hamas operatives". The Economic Times. 9 April 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
The "Lavender" system is designed to identify individuals suspected of being part of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), even targeting those with lower ranks for potential aerial bombardments. In the initial stages of the conflict, the military heavily relied on Lavender, leading to the system labeling up to 37,000 Palestinians as militants, along with their residences, for potential airstrikes.
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency (22 May 2024). "Gaza Strip". The World Factbook. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "How Hamas secretly built a 'mini-army' to fight Israel". Reuters. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (25 February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. London: Routledge. p. 344. ISBN 978-1-03-201227-8. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel's massive mobilization of 360,000 reservists upends lives". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ van der Merwe, Ben (4 April 2024). "Israel-Hamas war: Gaza's morgue network has effectively collapsed - how are they recording their dead?". Sky News. Sky News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Israel-Gaza war in maps and charts: Live tracker". Al Jazeera.
- ^ a b "Health Ministry In Hamas-run Gaza Says War Death Toll At 40,173". Barron's. 20 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - reported impact". UN OCHA. 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
The overall death toll from Gaza is not divided between combatants and civilians, but by the end of June, 28,185 bodies of combat victims had been identified by name.
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
This is more than 17,000 civilians and excludes the many civilian men of fighting age who have been killed.
- ^ Tisdall, Simon (31 July 2024). "Israel has all but declared war in the Middle East – a conflict it cannot hope to win". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
But then again, Israeli forces have been killing Gaza's children with impunity for months. The UN puts the total at 15,000 dead. Two more deaths barely register (except with parents and families).
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
9,351 children.
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
5,320 women.
- ^ Uras, Umut. "16,456 children killed in Gaza war: Media office". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
According to a statement on Telegram, in 3,486 attacks carried out by the Israeli army, 39,897 people have been killed, 16,456 of them children and 11,088 women. It also said at least 885 medical staff, 168 journalists and 79 civil defence members have been killed in the Israeli strikes.
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
2,414 elderly people.
- ^ Uras, Umut. "16,456 children killed in Gaza war: Media office". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
According to a statement on Telegram, in 3,486 attacks carried out by the Israeli army, 39,897 people have been killed, 16,456 of them children and 11,088 women. It also said at least 885 medical staff, 168 journalists and 79 civil defence members have been killed in the Israeli strikes.
- ^ "133 UN agency staffers killed due to Israeli airstrikes on Gaza Strip". Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Siddiqui, Stephen Quillen,Federica Marsi,Usaid. "207 UNRWA members killed in Gaza so far". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Farah Najjar; Nils Adler. "Two more journalists killed in Gaza, gov't media office says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
This brings the total number of journalists killed in Gaza since the start of Israel's assault on the besieged enclave to 168, the office said.
- ^ Motamedi, Tamila Varshalomidze,Nils Adler,Umut Uras,Maziar. "Israeli forces kill Palestinian journalist in Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential". thelancet.com. The Lancet. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair. "WATCH: Father loses daughter to malnutrition amid blockade and dire living conditions". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
She was among at least 37 children who have died in Gaza under dire circumstances.
- ^ "Child dies of malnutrition and dehydration: Report". Al Jazeera. 1 June 2024.
Medical sources said the death toll from malnutrition and dehydration has risen to 37 people in Gaza, the report said.
- ^ "Newborns die of hunger and mothers struggle to feed their children as Israel's siege condemns Gazans to starvation". CNN. 6 March 2024.
- ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma (5 June 2024). "Starvation already causing many deaths and lasting harm in Gaza, agencies say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Women and children of Gaza are killed less frequently as war's toll rises, AP data analysis finds". AP News. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "Israel publishes new civilian death toll in Gaza". Voice of America. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Odenheimer, Natan; Boxerman, Aaron; Sella, Adam; Abuheweila, Iyad (13 July 2024). "How Hamas Is Fighting in Gaza: Tunnels, Traps and Ambushes". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (15 August 2024). "IDF: Dozens of tunnels razed on Gaza-Egypt border, 17,000 terror operatives killed in war". Times of Israel. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ Nakhoul, Samia; Pamuk, Humeyra; Landay, Jonathan. "Diminished Hamas switches to full insurgent mode in Gaza". Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "Hamas Toll Thus Far Falls Short of Israel's War Aims, U.S. Says". The Washington Post. 21 January 2024.
- ^ Khatib, Rasha; McKee, Martin; Yusuf, Salim (2024). "Counting the dead in Gaza: difficult but essential". The Lancet. 404 (10449). Elsevier BV: 237–238. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01169-3. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 38976995.
In recent conflicts, such indirect deaths range from three to 15 times the number of direct deaths. Applying a conservative estimate of four indirect deaths per one direct death to the 37,396 deaths reported, it is not implausible to estimate that up to 186,000 or even more deaths could be attributable to the current conflict in Gaza. Using the 2022 Gaza Strip population estimate of 2,375,259, this would translate to 7.9% of the total population in the Gaza Strip.
- ^ Tondo, Lorenzo; Taha, Sufian (12 July 2024). "Thousands of Palestinians missing amid Gaza's unrelenting warfare". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel | Flash Update #160 [EN/AR/HE]". ReliefWeb. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
More than 10,000 people are estimated to be missing under rubble in Gaza, according to the Palestinian Civil Defense
- ^ https://www.savethechildren.net/news/gazas-missing-children-over-20000-children-estimated-be-lost-disappeared-detained-buried-under
- ^ https://www.savethechildren.net/gaza-missing-children
- ^ "More than 20,000 children missing amid Gaza war, NGO says". 25 June 2024.
- ^ https://aje.io/1wn9zt
- ^ "'It's a lifelong injury': From Gaza to Doha, children bear the scars of war". The World from PRX. 11 June 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ "Gaza: 8,000 children diagnosed with malnutrition amid ongoing shelling | UN News". news.un.org. 13 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Number of Palestinians detained by Israel rises to 9,312". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (6 December 2023). "UN rights chief warns of heightened risk of 'atrocity crimes' in Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Education Ministry says Israel killed 9,241 Palestinian students since October 7". Wafa. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "PCBS - Martyrs". Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ a b "Israeli army raids Balata refugee camp 4 times in 24 hours". Anadolu Agency. 28 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
Simultaneously with its onslaught on the Gaza Strip, the Israeli army intensified operations in the West Bank, resulting in 592 deaths and approximately 5,400 injuries, according to official Palestinian data.
- ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen, Umut (20 August 2024). "Ten arrested in latest West Bank raids". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
Since October 7, Israeli forces have made some 10,200 arrests in the West Bank during daily raids in the territory.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ הבקשה של פיקוד הדרום בלילה שלפני הטבח - והסירוב | פרסום ראשון
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ With 416 Hezbollah deaths confirmed as of 20 August 2024,[1] including 60 in Syria,[2][3] a total of 321 were confirmed to have died in Lebanon
- ^ "Two Resistance Brigades members killed by Israeli shelling". Naharnet. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ 25 killed (8 Oct. 2023-31 March 2024; on the border),[4] 7 killed (2 Jan. 2024; in Beirut),[5] 7 killed (3 April-15 June 2024; on the border),[6][7][8][9][10] total of 39 reported killed
- ^ Hamadi, Ghadir; Abdallah, Muntasser; Frakes, Nicholas; Hankins, Amelia (22 April 2024). "283 bodies recovered from mass grave at Nasser Hospital; Hezbollah shoots down Israeli drone: Day 199 of the Gaza war". L'Orient Today.
- ^ Israeli strikes on health workers in southern Lebanon 'extremely alarming' says Human Rights Watch
- ^ Gallant rejects French initiative for peace on the Israeli-Lebanese border: Day 252 of the Gaza war
- ^ Three killed in south Lebanon strikes, arrests in murder of transwoman, TikToker drug smuggler: Everything you need to know to start your Wednesday L'Orient Today (May 22, 2024)
- ^ In Hebbarieh, villagers enter the war against their will
- ^ Israel fires 2 missiles at eastern edge of Saida: Gaza war, day 260
- ^ Spotlight on Terrorism: Hezbollah, Lebanon and Syria (March 26-April 1, 2024)
- ^ "3 Hezbollah fighters killed in Lebanon-Israel border confrontations". Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ "Global Affairs confirms 8th Canadian death since start of Israel-Hamas war". CBC News. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ "3 killed in confrontations on Lebanon-Israel borders". english.news.cn. Xinhua News Agency. 2 January 2024.
- ^ "Israel army says readying 'decisive offensive' against Lebanon's Hezbollah". France 24. 26 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ YAGMUR, Esra. "Israel border fighting displaces 76,000 in Lebanon: IOM". TRT World.
- ^ "100,000 people displaced by Israeli attacks in southern Lebanon". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "Death toll update: Three civilians including woman and her son killed in Israeli airstrikes on the vicinity of Aleppo international airport". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Despite deployment of Russian de-escalation posts | Israel targets military site near occupied Syrian Golan". Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups
- ^ Bodies of Israeli hostages were retrieved from Gaza tunnel, military says
- ^ Final unaccounted for October 7 victim died in onslaught, IDF confirms
- ^ New Tally Puts Oct 7 Attack Death Toll In Israel At 1,189
- ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel (20 August 2024). "IDF confirms it retrieved bodies of 6 hostages from Gaza, including previously unnamed Alex Dancyg". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel strike in south Lebanon kills Hamas commander". The Times of Israel. 9 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ Data on casualties (Note: apply filter in Israeli fatalities chart for Date of Incident (start date) = 10/7/2023)
- ^ "Israeli Security Guard Killed by Palestinian in West Bank Attack".
- ^ Hasson, Nir. "Israeli Soldiers Who Killed Jerusalem Terrorists Shoot Dead Civilian". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Friedson, Yael (25 January 2024). "East Jerusalem Resident Dies of Wounds Sustained in West Bank Attack Earlier in January". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Palestinian kills two people in stabbing attack in Israel
- ^ "Defense Ministry contractor succumbs to wounds sustained in southern Gaza mortar attack". The Times of Israel.
- ^ ToI Staff (19 July 2024). "Drone explodes in central Tel Aviv, killing man and wounding several others". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 694 soldiers, 63 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Swords of Iron: Israel Police, Security Forces (Shabak) and First Responders Casualties". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Government of Israel. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Benson, Pesach (22 January 2024). "13,572 Israelis injured since Oct. 7". Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Sources: PM 'taking dangerous bet on hostages' lives' by toughening negotiating stance
- ^ Boxerman, Aaron (10 November 2023). "Israel-Hamas War: Israel Lowers Oct. 7 Death Toll Estimate to 1,200". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "Bodies of several Israelis retrieved in Gaza raids – IDF". The Guardian. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
Israel's military said earlier this morning that it has confirmed that more than 120 civilians are being held hostage in Gaza by Hamas.
- ^ "A Week Into War, Gazans Flee Homes As Israeli Ground Offensive Looms". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
Israel's army has confirmed contacting the families of 120 civilian hostages so far.
- ^ "The mothers whose children are held hostage by Hamas: 'I heard him crying, begging them not to take him'". The Guardian. 9 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d "רשימת שמות החטופים לעזה". The list of names of those abducted to Gaza (in Hebrew). Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 21 February 2023.
- ^ "Hamas armed wing says seven hostages killed in Gaza". Reuters. 1 March 2024. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Stephen Quillen. "Israeli captive killed in 'revenge' after guard's children slain". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ Siddiqui, Stephen Quillen,Federica Marsi,Usaid. "Israeli military claims body of killed captive was recovered in November". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fabian, Emanuel (12 August 2024). "Hamas says its guards killed a hostage, wounded two others; IDF investigating claim". Times of Israel.
- ^ "US officials estimate that as few as 50 hostages are still alive – Wall Street Journal". Times of Israel. 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Around Half A Million Israelis Displaced Inside Israel: Military". Barron's. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel sharpens warning to Lebanon as cross-border hostilities spike". Reuters. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ^ צבי, אסף (7 April 2024). "1,489 הרוגים, 133 חטופים עדיין בעזה: חצי שנה למלחמת חרבות ברזל". דבר העובדים בארץ ישראל (in Hebrew). Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ El-Gaafary, Nabila (28 May 2024). "Second Egyptian soldier reportedly dies from Rafah border clash". The New Arab. Cairo. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "At least seven injured as Israeli tank 'accidentally' hits Egyptian border". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
- ^ "Blasts hit two Egyptian Red Sea towns near Israel border, six injured". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ Krauss, Joseph (14 May 2024). "Palestinians mark 76 years of dispossession as a potentially even larger catastrophe unfolds in Gaza". AP News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
The war in Gaza, which was triggered by Hamas' Oct. 7 attack into Israel, has killed over 35,000 Palestinians, according to local health officials, making it by far the deadliest round of fighting in the history of the conflict.
- ^ a b El Deeb, Sarah (9 October 2023). "What is Hamas? The group that rules the Gaza Strip has fought several rounds of war with Israel". AP News. Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups". Human Rights Watch. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "Hamas says it has enough Israeli captives to free all Palestinian prisoners". Al-Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b c "Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance'". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ a b McKernan, Bethan; Michaelson, Ruth; Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique; Balousha, Hazem; Taha, Sufian; Sherwood, Harriet; Beaumont, Peter (14 October 2023). "Seven days of terror that shook the world and changed the Middle East". The Observer. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Khoury, Jack (21 January 2024). "Hamas Releases Memo Explaining Why It Waged War on Israel; Gazans Question Timing, Cite Criticism of Hamas". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ Frankel, Julia (21 December 2023). "Israel's military campaign in Gaza is among the most destructive in history, experts say". PBS NewsHour. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "Israeli bombardment destroyed over 70% of Gaza homes: Report". Al Jazeera. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "Can Israel achieve its war goals in Gaza?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Netanyahu says IDF will control Gaza after war, rejects notion of international force". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Reported impact snapshot | Gaza Strip (17 July 2024)". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 17 July 2024. Archived from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ "Palestinian Health Ministry releases an updated list of Palestinians killed". AP News. 24 July 2024. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
It said 14,671 people, or 52% of the identified dead, were women or children.
- ^ Tantesh, Malak A.; Graham-Harrison, Emma (15 August 2024). "Gaza death toll hits 40,000 with thousands more yet to be counted". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
- ^ "How Gaza's hospitals became battlegrounds". www.cnn.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ Lakhani, Nina (27 February 2024). "Israel is deliberately starving Palestinians, UN rights expert says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ^ Palumbo, Daniele; Abutaleb, Abdelrahman; Cusiac, Paul; Rivault, Erwan (30 January 2024). "At least half of Gaza's buildings damaged or destroyed, new analysis shows". BBC News. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ "No Traces of Life, Israel's Ecocide in Gaza 2023 - 2024". Forensic Architecture. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ Ahmed, Kaamil; Gayle, Damien; Mousa, Aseel (29 March 2024). "'Ecocide in Gaza': does scale of environmental destruction amount to a war crime?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ UN experts deeply concerned over 'scholasticide' in Gaza United Nations 18 April 2024
- ^ "How Israel has destroyed Gaza's schools and universities". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2024. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ Ahmed, Kaamil (4 February 2024). "'Everything beautiful has been destroyed': Palestinians mourn a city in tatters". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
A recent report by the Palestinian culture ministry into Israeli damage to Palestinian heritage said Israel's bombardment of Gaza had destroyed 207 buildings of cultural or historical significance, including 144 in the old city and 25 religious sites.
- ^ Diamond, Jeremy (20 January 2024). "At least 16 cemeteries in Gaza have been desecrated by Israeli forces, satellite imagery and videos reveal". CNN. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Mass forced displacement in Gaza highlights urgent need for Israel to uphold Palestinians' right to return". Amnesty International. 14 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel Widens Attack on Hamas; Palestinians Pour Into Southern Gaza". Voice of America. 29 December 2023.
- ^ Lev, Gid'on (27 February 2024). "The tragedy of Israel's 135,000 displaced citizens". Haaretz. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ a b "ICJ orders Israel to halt its offensive on Rafah, Gaza in new ruling". Al Jazeera. 24 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "Germany, a Loyal Israel Ally, Begins to Shift Tone as Gaza Toll Mounts". The New York Times. 29 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 March 2024. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
- ^ "Yemen's Houthis 'will not stop' Red Sea attacks until Israel ends Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 19 December 2023. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
The Houthis would only halt their attacks if Israel's "crimes in Gaza stop and food, medicines and fuel are allowed to reach its besieged population", al-Bukhaiti said.
- ^ a b "Fires have become the most visible sign of the conflict heating up on the Lebanon-Israel border". AP News. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
There is an increasingly real possibility of a full-scale war — one that would have catastrophic consequences for people on both sides of the border.
- ^ a b "Data on casualties". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs – occupied Palestinian territory (OCHAoPt). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ a b Alfonseca, Kiara (11 October 2023). "Palestinian civilians suffer in Israel-Gaza crossfire as death toll rises". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Intifada". Encyclopedia Britannica. 23 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Frequently asked questions on ICRC's work in Israel and the occupied territories". International Committee of the Red Cross. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ "Gaza Strip explained: Who controls it and what to know". NBC News. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
- ^ Perry, Tom; McDowall, Angus (7 October 2023). Harvey, Jan (ed.). "Timeline of conflict between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ Kane, Alex; Cohen, Mari; Shamir, Jonathan; Scher, Isaac (10 October 2023). "The Hamas Attacks and Israeli Response: An Explainer". Jewish Currents. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ 'Gaza Strip: Interim Damage Assessment,' Archived 1 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine World Bank/European Union/United Nations 29 March 2024.p.5
- ^ a b Meakem, Allison (10 October 2023). "The Geopolitics of Palestine, Explained". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ * Nebehay, Stephanie (13 September 2011). Graff, Peter (ed.). "U.N. experts say Israel's blockade of Gaza illegal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 June 2017. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
A panel of five independent U.N. rights experts [said] the blockade had subjected Gazans to collective punishment in 'flagrant contravention of international human rights and humanitarian law.'
* "Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories". Amnesty International Report 2022/23: The State of the World's Human Rights. London: Amnesty International. 2023. pp. 206–211. ISBN 978-0-86210-502-0. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.This compounded the impact of a 15-year ongoing Israeli blockade that amounts to illegal collective punishment
* "Deprived and Endangered: Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip". Human Rights Watch. 13 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2023.The blockade is a form of collective punishment in violation of international law.
* "Hamas hardliner Yahya Sinwar elected as Gaza leader". BBC News. 13 February 2017. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.Israel and Egypt maintain a blockade around Gaza aimed at preventing attacks by militants there, though the measure has been condemned by rights groups as a form of collective punishment.
- ^ Ackerman, Seth (4 January 2024). "There was an Iron Wall in Gaza". Jacobin. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
The unemployment rate soared to "probably the highest in the world", four-fifths of the population were forced to rely on humanitarian assistance, three-quarters became dependent on food aid, more than half faced "acute food insecurity", one in ten children were stunted by malnutrition, and over 96 percent of potable water became unsafe for human consumption.
- ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (7 October 2023). "Gaza Has Suffered Under 16-Year Blockade". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ "The Gaza Strip: The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ Kane, Alex; Cohen, Mari; Shamir, Jonathan; Scher, Isaac (10 October 2023). "The Hamas Attacks and Israeli Response: An Explainer". Jewish Currents. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
Since Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2006... Hamas has sometimes used rocket fire to exact concessions from Israel... Israel has frequently reacted to Hamas rocket attacks with bombing campaigns, an approach Israeli strategists have referred to as 'mowing the grass'...
- ^ Beauchamp, Zack (7 October 2023). "Why did Hamas invade Israel?". Vox. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "These six charts show the scale of human loss in the Israel-Gaza war". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
- ^ Tan, Joanna (12 November 2023). "Charts show a stark difference in the human cost of Israeli-Palestinian conflicts over the years". CNBC. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Where We Work. Gaza Strip". United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Alfonseca-20232
was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Two Years On: People Injured and Traumatized During the "Great March of Return" are Still Struggling". un.org. United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ Fayyad, Huthifa. "Gaza's Great March of Return protests explained". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ Klein, Menachem (28 November 2023). "Israeli arrogance thwarted a Palestinian political path. October 7 revealed the cost". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
- ^ "Hamas Says Its Attack on Israel Was Planned for Two Years". The Wall Street Journal. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance'". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ McKernan, Bethan; Michaelson, Ruth; Graham-Harrison, Emma; Kierszenbaum, Quique; Balousha, Hazem; Taha, Sufian; Sherwood, Harriet; Beaumont, Peter (14 October 2023). "Seven days of terror that shook the world and changed the Middle East". The Observer. Anadolu Agency. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ a b Pacchiani, Luca (7 October 2023). "Hamas deputy chief anticipates hostages will be swapped for Palestinian prisoners". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ Matar, Haggai (7 October 2023). "Gaza's shock attack has terrified Israelis. It should also unveil the context". +972 Magazine. +972 Magazine. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Sforza, Lauren (9 October 2023). "Tlaib, Bush criticized by Democrats over statements calling for end to Israel support". The Hill. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "John Mearsheimer: Israel is choosing 'apartheid' or 'ethnic cleansing'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Schenker, Hillel (12 October 2023). "The Catastrophe of October 7. Why Did It Happen?". The Nation. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Barghouti, Mariam. "On October 7, Gaza broke out of prison". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas surprise attack out of Gaza stuns Israel and leaves hundreds dead in fighting, retaliation". AP News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Israel's Apartheid Against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime Against Humanity (PDF) (Report). Amnesty International. January 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid". B'Tselem. 12 January 2021. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
A regime that uses laws, practices and organized violence to cement the supremacy of one group over another is an apartheid regime. Israeli apartheid, which promotes the supremacy of Jews over Palestinians, was not born in one day or of a single speech. It is a process that has gradually grown more institutionalized and explicit, with mechanisms introduced over time in law and practice to promote Jewish supremacy. These accumulated measures, their pervasiveness in legislation and political practice, and the public and judicial support they receive – all form the basis for our conclusion that the bar for labeling the Israeli regime as apartheid has been met.
- ^ Holmes, Oliver (27 April 2021). "Israel is committing the crime of apartheid, rights group says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ "Israël: l'Assemblée nationale rejette une résolution communiste dénonçant un "régime d'apartheid"" [Israel: National Assembly rejects communist resolution denouncing 'apartheid regime']. Le Figaro (in French). 4 May 2023. Archived from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Hutzler, Alexandra; Peller, Lauren. "House passes resolution saying Israel isn't a 'racist or apartheid state'". ABC News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Estrin, Daniel (7 October 2023). "In surprise deadly attacks, Israel says Palestinian militants infiltrated from Gaza". NPR. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (7 October 2023). "Hamas militant group has started a war that 'Israel will win,' defense minister says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b c "Israel retaliation kills 230 Palestinians after Hamas operation". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Around 1,000 dead in Israel-Hamas war, as Lebanon's Hezbollah also launches strikes". South China Morning Post. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d e "Israel-Palestine escalation live news: Hamas starts Operation Al-Aqsa Flood". Al Jazeera. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ McKernan, Bethan (7 October 2023). "Hamas launches surprise attack on Israel as Palestinian gunmen reported in south". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Netanyahu: 'We are at war'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Gritten, David (7 October 2023). "Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Israeli army declares 'state of readiness' for war". Anadolu Agency. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Hamas Fighters Trained in Iran Before Oct. 7 Attacks". The Wall Street Journal. 25 October 2023. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel; Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). "IDF estimates 3,000 Hamas terrorists invaded Israel in Oct. 7 onslaught". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ a b Kingsley, Patrick; Kershner, Isabel (7 October 2023). "Israel-Gaza Conflict: Gaza and Israel on War Footing After Militants Launch Surprise Assaults". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ Beaule, Victoria (12 October 2023). "A detailed look at how Hamas secretly crossed into Israel". ABC News. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Gritten, David (7 October 2023). "Strikes on Gaza after Palestinian militants enter Israel". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "This is How Al-Qassam's Naval Units Stormed Zakim's Fortified Military Base – Video". Palestine Chronicle. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Netanyahu says Israel is 'at war' after Hamas launches surprise air and ground attack from Gaza". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Militants infiltrate Israel from Gaza as Hamas claims major rocket attack". CNN. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Netanyahu: 'We are at war'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Border town identifies at least 15 of its residents killed in Hamas attack". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "10 Percent of Kibbutz Population Found Dead After Hamas Massacre in Southern Israel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ a b c "Hamas's attack was the bloodiest in Israel's history". The Economist. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "In pictures: Scenes of war and chaos after Hamas launch surprise attack on Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b Vinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (9 October 2023). "Hamas Took Scores of Hostages From Israel. Here's What We Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Breiner, Josh (18 November 2023). "Israeli Security Establishment: Hamas Likely Didn't Have Advance Knowledge of Nova Festival". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
According to a police source, the investigation also indicates that an IDF combat helicopter that arrived to the scene and fired at terrorists there apparently also hit some festival participants.
- ^ Zitun, Yoav (15 October 2023). הטעיה של חמאס למסוקי צה"ל והכוונת טייסים בוואטסאפ [Hamas deception of IDF helicopters]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel's Dead: The Names of Those Killed in Hamas Attacks, Massacres and the Israel-Hamas War". Haaretz. 19 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Hostages Held by Hamas: The Names of Those Abducted From Israel". Haaretz. 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Gunter, Joel (23 October 2023). "Israel shows Hamas bodycam attack footage to journalists". BBC News. Retrieved 26 October 2023.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (23 October 2023). "Israel shows footage of Hamas killings 'to counter denial of atrocities'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas". The Atlantic. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Jones, Sam; Fidler, Matt (18 October 2023). "Who are the hostages taken by Hamas from southern Israel?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Edwards, Alice Jill (6 May 2024). "Egypt Is Obliged to Let Gaza Refugees In". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Rubin, Shira (25 November 2023). "Israel investigates an elusive, horrific enemy: Rape as a weapon of war". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ "Sexual Violence Evidence Against Hamas Is Mounting, but the Road to Court Is Still Long". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ Gettleman, Jeffrey; Schwartz, Anat; Sella, Adam; Shaar-Yashuv, Avishag (28 December 2023). "'Screams Without Words': How Hamas Weaponized Sexual Violence on Oct. 7". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 6 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
- ^ "Behind Hamas's Bloody Gambit to Create a 'Permanent' State of War". The New York Times. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Rubin, Shira; Warrick, Joby (13 November 2023). "Hamas envisioned deeper attacks, aiming to provoke an Israeli war". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ "Many Israelis accuse government's of inept, chaotic response to October 7 massacre". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Zitun, Yoav (15 October 2023). הטעיה של חמאס למסוקי צה"ל והכוונת טייסים בוואטסאפ [Hamas deception of IDF helicopters]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ Breiner, Josh (18 November 2023). "Israeli Security Establishment: Hamas Likely Didn't Have Advance Knowledge of Nova Festival". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
According to a police source, the investigation also indicates that an IDF combat helicopter that arrived to the scene and fired at terrorists there apparently also hit some festival participants.
- ^ "Israel Police slams 'Haaretz' claim IDF helicopter may have harmed civilians on Oct. 7". The Times of Israel. 19 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ "Barrages of rockets fired from Gaza as Hamas launches unprecedented operation against Israel". France 24. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Hamas-Israel War – Real Time Updates". Israel Defence Forces. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023.
- ^ "Netanyahu: We will turn places where Hamas is hiding into 'cities of ruins'". Ynetnews. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "Security cabinet says Israel will destroy military, governmental abilities of Hamas, Islamic Jihad". The Times of Israel. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli strikes flatten buildings, mosques in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ a b Bayer, Lili; Ho, Vivian; Fulton, Adam; Yang, Maya (7 October 2023). "Israel declares state of war after Hamas fires thousands of rockets and 'militants cross border' – live". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Missiles strike southern & central Israel; police declare state of war". Jordan News. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Army says it is fighting Gaza militants who entered Israel by land, sea and air". Al Arabiya. 7 October 2023. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "Ben Gurion airport stays open as foreign airlines cancel flights". Globes. 10 August 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Page Capture" עדכונים ושינויים בתנועת הרכבות, עד להודעה חדשה [Updates and changes in train traffic until further notice]. רַכֶּבֶת יִשְׂרָאֵל [Israel Railways] (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Goldberg, Jeremaya (10 October 2023). "War with Gaza cuts train services in Israel". International Railway Journal. Archived from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Saunders, Aaron (10 October 2023). "Cruise Lines Change, Cancel Itineraries Following Israel Attack". Cruise Critic. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ a b Knell, Yolande; Abu Alouf, Rushi; Gritten, David (8 October 2023). "Israeli forces fight to drive out Hamas militants and free hostages". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Davies, Harry; McKernan, Bethan; Sabbagh, Dan (1 December 2023). "'The Gospel': how Israel uses AI to select bombing targets in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ Abraham, Yuval (30 November 2023). "'A mass assassination factory': Inside Israel's calculated bombing of Gaza". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (9 October 2023). "Israel strikes and seals off Gaza after incursion by Hamas, which vows to execute hostages". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Abu Alouf, Rushdi (8 October 2023). "Gaza: Fear and chaos for Palestinians as Israel strikes back". BBC News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Rahhou, Jihane (8 October 2023). "Israeli Strike Destroys Al-Amin Muhammad Mosque in Gaza". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Goldenberg, Tia; Shurafa, Wafaa (8 October 2023). "Hamas fighters storm Israeli towns in surprise attack; Israel responds with deadly strikes on Gaza". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel officially declares war for 1st time since 1973 as death toll mounts to 600". The Times of India. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (9 October 2023). "Defense minister announces 'complete siege' of Gaza: No power, food or fuel". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas war live updates: 9 Americans killed; Gaza Strip faces full siege". The Washington Post. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel: White Phosphorus Used in Gaza, Lebanon". Human Rights Watch. Beirut. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Wintour, Patrick (13 October 2023). "Israel denies using white phosphorus munitions in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ "Fergal Keane: Aid convoy tragedy shows fear of starvation haunts Gaza". 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 15 March 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "In pictures: Trucks carry aid into Gaza for the first time since the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war". CNBC. 21 October 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
- ^ "1st fuel truck enters Gaza". ABC. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel orders 1.1 million people in Gaza to move south: What to know". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 July 2024. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Debre, Isabel; Lederer, Edith M.; Shurafa, Wafaa (13 October 2023). "Israel's military orders civilians to evacuate Gaza City, ahead of a feared ground offensive". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Khraiche, Dana (13 October 2023). "UN Calls Israel Order to Evacuate 1.1 Million in Gaza Impossible". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "MSF: Israeli order to evacuate northern Gaza 'outrageous'". Doctors Without Borders. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel must rescind evacuation order for northern Gaza and comply with international law: UN expert". OHCHR. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ "WHO pleads for immediate reversal of Gaza evacuation order to protect health and reduce suffering". WHO. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel announces 6-hour window for Gazans fleeing south, as troops gather near border". CNN. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ McKernan, Bethan; Taha, Sufian (15 October 2023). "Gaza civilians afraid to leave home after bombing of 'safe routes'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 20 October 2023.
- ^ El Damanhoury, Kareem; Mezzofiore, Gianluca; Murphy, Paul (14 October 2023). "CNN authenticates video that show explosions along Gaza evacuation routes". CNN. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
It's unclear what caused the widespread devastation
- ^ "Hamas seen blocking evacuation routes in Gaza – IDF". The Jerusalem Post. 15 October 2023. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Joiner, Sam; Andringa, Peter (15 October 2023). "Did Israel bomb a civilian evacuation route in Gaza?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (14 October 2023). "IDF says it's completing preparations to strike Gaza 'from air, sea and land'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (15 October 2023). "Palestinians fleeing to the south find no escape from danger". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Guterres, António (6 November 2023). "Secretary-General's press conference on the Middle East". United Nations. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "EU nations condemn Hamas for what they describe as use of hospitals, civilians as 'human shields'". AP News. 13 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "Hamas are notorious for using civilians as 'human shields'". news.com.au. 1 November 2023.
- ^ רויטרס (14 November 2023). הבית הלבן: יש מידע שחמאס משתמש בבתי החולים בעזה, גם להחזקת חטופים [The White House: There is information that Hamas uses the hospitals in Gaza, also to hold hostages]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ שרון, רועי (9 December 2023). "עזב בשיירה הומניטרית: יחיא סינוואר נמצא בחאן יונס" [Left in a humanitarian convoy: Yahya Sinwar is in Khan Yunis]. KAN 11 (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya; Nessman, Ravi (17 October 2023). "Israel bombs Gaza region where civilians were told to seek refuge, as mediators try to unlock aid". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel bombs homes in southern Gaza, kills more than 70 people". Al Jazeera. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Brennan, David (17 October 2023). "Top Hamas commander killed in Israeli strike". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Magid, Jacob (17 October 2023). "'They had nowhere else to go': UN says Israeli strike on school in Gaza kills 6". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ "Gaza hospital blast: What does new analysis tell us?". BBC News. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel; Bachner, Michael (18 October 2023). "IDF presents evidence misfired Gazan rocket caused hospital blast, slams Hamas 'lies'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel and Palestinian militants blame each other after hospital blast kills hundreds in Gaza". ABC News. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- ^ Said, Summer; Faucon, Benoit; Kalin, Stephen (8 October 2023). "Iran Helped Plot Attack on Israel Over Several Weeks". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Human Rights Watch says rocket misfire likely cause of deadly Gaza hospital blast". Reuters. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 26 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Watson, Kathryn (18 October 2023). "In Israel, Biden says it appears "the other team" is to blame for Gaza hospital explosion". CBS News. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Canada says it is confident Israel not behind deadly blast at Gaza hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "French intel says Palestinian rocket likely cause of Gaza hospital blast". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Walker, Peter; Walker, Peter (23 October 2023). "Gaza hospital blast caused by militants' rocket, UK agencies believe". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Revisiting a key video used to assess the Gaza hospital blast". CNN. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (28 October 2023). "Israeli military launches major ground incursion in Gaza". Axios. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ Gal Perl, "The IDF's unique advantage, the commanders are the secret to its strength": Lessons learned from 1982 to 2023 Archived 10 May 2024 at the Wayback Machine, The Dado Center for Interdisciplinary Military Studies, 30 April 2024.
- ^ a b Jackson, Patrick. "Israel Gaza live news: Doctors in Gaza say Israel has told them to evacuate a key hospital in Gaza City". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Hall, Rachel; Ratcliffe, Rebecca (29 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: WHO 'deeply concerned' by report of evacuation warning to Gaza's al-Quds hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
- ^ "Dozens reported killed in Gaza refugee camp blast". BBC News. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Rose, Emily; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (31 October 2023). "Israel strikes dense Gaza camp, says it kills Hamas commander". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Photos: Dozens killed in Israeli air attack on Jabalia refugee camp in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Jabalia: Israel air strike reportedly kills dozens at Gaza refugee camp". BBC News. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Pacchiani, Gianluca. "Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Qatar condemn Israeli strikes in Gaza's Jabaliya". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ a b Ramos, Daniel (1 November 2023). "Bolivia severs ties with Israel, others recall envoys over Gaza". Reuters. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Gaza war live updates: Injured Gazans enter Egypt; new strike on Jabalya camp, hospital says". The Washington Post. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ Koettl, Christoph; Tiefenthäler, Ainara; Willis, Haley; Cardia, Alexander (3 November 2023). "Israel Used 2,000-Pound Bombs in Strike on Jabaliya, Analysis Shows". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023.
- ^ Browne, Malachy; Collier, Neil (14 November 2023). "Evidence Points to Israeli Shells in Strikes on Gaza's Largest Hospital". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Gaza: Israeli Strike Killing 106 Civilians an Apparent War Crime". Human Rights Watch. 4 April 2024. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Williams, Dan (1 November 2023). "First evacuees leave Gaza after another night of Israeli bombardments". Reuters. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel's strikes on Gaza refugee camp could be war crimes, UN says". South China Morning Post. 2 November 2023. Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ "Nasrallah says Oct. 7 assault '100% Palestinian,' Hezbollah knew nothing about it". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
- ^ "Hamas siphons fuel from hospitals, IDF reveals in intercepted call". Ynetnews. 1 November 2023. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel strikes ambulance near Gaza hospital, 15 reported killed". Reuters. Archived from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Palestinian Red Crescent condemns deadly strike on Gaza ambulance". The Guardian. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ a b Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Lewis, Simon; Al-Khalidi, Suleiman (4 November 2023). "Palestinians say Israeli strike hits U.N.-run school as Blinken meets Arab leaders". Reuters. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ "Israeli airstrikes kill 80 in Palestinian refugee camp". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ a b c "Israel agrees to ceasefire deal, paving way for some captives' release". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ a b c d Burke, Jason; Michaelson, Ruth; Borger, Julian (22 November 2023). "Israel and Hamas agree deal for release of some hostages and four-day ceasefire". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel, Hamas agree to ceasefire deal that also sees captives exchanged". CBC News. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas truce extends by two days, Qatar says: Live updates". CNN. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick (28 November 2023). "A Gaza Truce Aids Both Sides. Until the Calculus Changes". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas war live updates: Gaza cease-fire extended a day; Jerusalem shooting kills 3". NBC News. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Hubbard, Ben; Fuller, Thomas (1 December 2023). "Israel Resumes Offensive in Gaza Strip After Truce With Hamas Ends". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ "Who are the remaining Gaza hostages?". France24. 12 February 2024. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli prisoner release shines light on system of detaining Palestinians without charge". NBC News. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ Pietromarchi, Usaid; Siddiqui, Virginia (2 December 2023). "Israel-Gaza war updates: 'No negotiations now on truce', says Hamas". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "White House says Israel 'making effort' to better protect Gaza civilians". The Times of Israel. 3 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Released Palestinians allege mistreatment in Israeli prisons". France24. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ "Israeli prisoner release shines light on system of detaining Palestinians without charge". NBC. 30 November 2023. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel-Gaza live news: IDF resumes strikes as ceasefire with Hamas ends". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
- ^ Smith, Alexander; Talmazan, Yuliya (5 December 2023). "Israel's new grid maps add to confusion and anger in Gaza". NBC News. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
- ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; Burke, Jason (2 December 2023). "Israel has started using its new grid system for evacuation warnings". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Barbakh, Arafat; Salem, Mohammed (4 December 2023). "Israel presses ground offensive in southern Gaza, air strikes intensify". Reuters. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Hendrix, Steve; Berger, Miriam (6 December 2023). "Israel touts civilian warning system, but for Gazans, nowhere is safe". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Hubbard, Ben (5 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas War: New Phase of Israel's Military Campaign Remains Deadly for Gazans". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ Hammer, Mathias (5 December 2023). "U.S. Military Equipment Traced to Possible War Crimes in Gaza, Report Finds". Time. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Salam, Yasmine; Abdelkader, Rima; Mulligan, Matthew. "Abandoned babies found decomposing in Gaza hospital weeks after it was evacuated". NBC News. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel risks 'strategic defeat' if civilians aren't protected, Pentagon chief says". The Hill. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Lewis, Simon; Pamuk, Humeyra; Mason, Jeff; Pamuk, Humeyra; Mason, Jeff (4 December 2023). "Too early to assess if Israel heeding US calls to protect civilians -US spokesperson". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Salman, Abeer; Noor Haq, Sana (11 December 2023). "Prominent Gaza professor and writer killed in airstrike, weeks after telling CNN he and his family had 'nowhere else to go'". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Watch Brian Cox read "If I Must Die" by murdered Palestinian poet Refaat Alareer". Literary Hub. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "IDF: Troops fighting in the heart of Khan Younis in most intensive battles since ground op began". The Times of Israel. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "Israeli army surrounds Khan Younis as southern Gaza attacks intensify". Al Jazeera. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ היום ה-65 של המלחמה | עדכונים שוטפים [The 65th day of the war | Regular updates]. Ynet (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ "Over 150 Hamas terrorists surrender to IDF forces in Khan Yunis". i24news. 7 December 2023. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Kershner, Isabel (7 December 2023). "Israel Says It Detained Hundreds of Terrorism Suspects in Gaza". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ Beaumont, Peter (8 December 2023). "Footage shows IDF parading scores of Palestinian men around in underwear". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Gaza war: Video shows Gaza detainees allegedly 'surrendering guns' – what we know". BBC News. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas War Day 65: Israeli Army Kills Hamas Commander in Gaza; Syria: Israel Struck Near Damascus". Haaretz. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
- ^ "Urgently investigate inhumane treatment and enforced disappearance of Palestinians detainees from Gaza". Amnesty International. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 December 2023). "Watch: Dramatic footage shows IDF troops battling Hamas operatives in Gaza City school". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ Halabi, Einav (9 December 2023). "Israel-Hamas war: IDF finds elevator in Gaza tunnel, weapons in school". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 December 2023). "IDF says it destroyed buildings containing Hamas infrastructure at Gaza City's Al-Azhar University". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel suffers heaviest combat losses since October, diplomatic isolation". Reuters. 13 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- ^ "Biden bypasses Congress to sell tank shells to Israel amid further fighting in Khan Younis". The Guardian. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 13 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ^ "US govt. again skips Congress for emergency weapons sale to Israel". NHK World. 30 December 2023.
- ^ Tabachnick, Cara (15 December 2023). "3 hostages in Gaza were killed by friendly fire, Israeli military says". CBS News. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Hamas war live updates: IDF says it mistakenly killed 3 Israeli hostages during fighting". NBC News. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (15 December 2023). "IDF troops mistakenly open fire and kill 3 hostages in northern Gaza battlefield". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Lubell, Maayan (16 December 2023). "Israeli hostages killed in Gaza were holding white flag, official says". Reuters. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ Bassam, Laila; Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Barbakh, Arafat (3 January 2024). "Israeli drone kills Hamas deputy leader in Beirut -Lebanese, Palestinian sources". Reuters.
- ^ "Drone footage raises questions about Israeli justification for deadly strike on Gaza journalists". The Washington Post. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Hamas fires barrage of rockets just as Israel ushers in the new year". The Times of Israel. 1 January 2024. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ^ "Rocket fire on Tel Aviv for 1st time in over a month". Ynet. 29 January 2024. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ^ "Israeli Military Near End of Most Intense Phase of Gaza Fighting, Defense Minister Says". Wall Street Journal. 15 January 2024. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
- ^ Iraqi, Amjad (1 May 2024). "A Gaza team went to repair a telecoms machine. An Israeli tank fired at them". +972 Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel army says Hamas command structure 'dismantled' in north Gaza". South China Morning Post. 7 January 2024.
- ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (18 January 2024). "Hamas Begins Rehabilitating Militant Units in Northern Gaza the Israeli Army Declared Dismantled". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Kubovich, Yaniv. "IDF spokesperson: 21 soldiers killed from building collapsing due to RPG fire by Hamas in southern Gaza". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Hamas causes buildings to collapse – 21 IDF soldiers dead, several injured". The Jerusalem Post. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Bergman, Ronen; Odenheimer, Natan (23 January 2024). "The Israeli military says 21 of the soldiers were killed in a single explosion". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ Sokol, Sam. "PM mourns deaths of soldiers in Gaza: 'We must learn the necessary lessons'". timesofisrael.com. Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Herzog: 'The names of more of the best of our sons are added to the headstones of heroes'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "Gallant after 21 soldiers killed in central Gaza incident: 'Deaths compel us to achieve war's goals'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
- ^ "The Killing of Hind Rajab". forensic-architecture.org. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Hind Rajab, Gaza 6-Year-Old Who Spoke Of Fear On Phone To Rescuers, Found Dead". Yahoo News. 10 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
- ^ "Israeli strikes hit Rafah after Biden warns Netanyahu to have 'credible' plan to protect civilians". ap.com. Associated Press. 11 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ Jared Malsin; Summer Said. "WSJ News Exclusive: Egypt Builds Walled Enclosure on Border as Israeli Offensive Looms". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Rashwan, Nada; Triebert, Christiaan (15 February 2024). "Egypt Is Building a Wall Near Gaza Border but Won't Say Why". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 16 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ "North Sinai Governor denies rumors of 'constructing displacement camps' for Gazans in Egyptian Rafah". Ahram Online. 15 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Israel indicates March deadline for Gaza ground offensive in Rafah". BBC News. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ Salman, Abeer; Diamond, Jeremy (29 February 2024). "More than 100 killed as Israeli forces open fire in chaos at Gaza food lines, Palestinian health ministry says". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ "Flour massacre: How Gaza food killings unfolded, and Israel's story changed". Al Jazeera. 1 March 2024. Archived from the original on 1 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ "'Massacre': Dozens killed by Israeli fire in Gaza while collecting food aid". Al Jazeera. 29 February 2024. Archived from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ "Biden says US military to airdrop food and supplies into Gaza". Reuters. 1 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ "U.S. Begins Airdrops of Humanitarian Aid in Gaza". The New York Times. 2 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ "US to set up temporary port on Gaza coast for aid delivery". BBC News. 8 March 2024. Archived from the original on 28 April 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ Beaule, Victoria; Savir, Dana (11 March 2024). "Israel extends road to now traverse Gaza, satellite imagery shows". ABC News. Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "Fighting Rages Around Two Gaza Hospitals as Pressure on Israel Rises". The New York Times. 28 March 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ "إسرائيل تغتال فائق المبحوح في غزة.. ما أبرز مهامه؟". التلفزيون العربي (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Gunter, Joel; Gritten, David (18 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City's al-Shifa hospital". Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Berger, Miriam; Loveluck, Louisa (19 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City hospital; U.S. confirms death of top Hamas leader". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ "US says seeking information on reports of detained Al Jazeera reporter in Gaza". Reuters. 18 March 2024.
- ^ "Israeli forces storm Gaza's al-Shifa Hospital". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ "Al Jazeera journalist freed after 12-hour arrest by Israeli forces in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ a b "Witnesses: IDF assaulted, detained Al-Jazeera journalist in hospital raid". Committee to Protect Journalists. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ "IDF, Shin Bet name senior Hamas terrorists killed at Shifa". The Times of Israel. 30 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 March 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ "Al-Shifa Hospital witnesses reveal bloodshed of Israeli raid". The New Arab.
- ^ "Israeli Troops Withdraw From Shifa Hospital". TIME. 1 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 May 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "As Israel withdraws from raid on Shifa Hospital, accounts from military and witnesses differ wildly". AP News. 1 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ Edwards, Christian; Yeung, Jessie (1 April 2024). "Israeli troops end Al-Shifa hospital raid, leaving behind bodies and trail of destruction". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 April 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ "Israel Gaza: US reports death of senior Hamas military leader Marwan Issa". BBC. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Kent, Lauren; Al-Za'anoun, Khader; Khadder, Kareem (23 March 2024). "At least 19 Palestinians killed by Israeli military while waiting for aid in Gaza – Gazan authorities". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 24 March 2024.
- ^ "UN Security Council adopts resolution demanding immediate Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 30 April 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Vogt, Adrienne; B. Powell, Tori; Berlinger, Joshua; Lau, Chris (30 March 2024). "Israel admits killing 2 Palestinians and then burying them with a bulldozer after shocking video surfaces". CNN. Archived from the original on 31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Israeli soldiers shoot and kill two unarmed Palestinians in Gaza: Video". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "7 WCK team members killed in Gaza". World Central Kitchen. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "With famine looming, aid group halts food delivery in Gaza after Israeli strike kills 7 workers". Associated Press. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ "Gaza aid convoy strike: what happened and who were the victims?". The Guardian. 2 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "Aid organizations suspend operations in Gaza after World Central Kitchen workers' deaths". Associated Press. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 12 May 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
- ^ "World Central Kitchen halts operations in Gaza after strike kills staff". BBC News. 2 April 2024. Archived from the original on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "Israeli cabinet approves reopening of Erez Crossing for first time since October 7, says official". CNN. 4 April 2024. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 5 April 2024.
- ^ "IDF Withdraws All Troops from Southern Gaza". Jewish News Syndicate. 7 April 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ "Gaza truce talks stall, as 'date set' for Rafah offensive". RTÉ. Agence France-Presse/Reuters. 8 April 2024. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ Magramo, Kathleen; Radford, Antoinette (15 April 2024). "Live updates: Israel intercepts Iran drone attacks and weighs response, Gaza crisis continues". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
- ^ "Israel intensifies strikes on Rafah ahead of threatened invasion". Reuters. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Israel says Rafah assault looms; massive Gaza airstrikes end weeks of relative calm". Reuters. 25 April 2024. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ Stack, Liam (5 May 2024). "Three Israeli Soldiers Killed in Rocket Attack Claimed by Hamas". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel orders Rafah evacuation as Gaza truce talks stall". Al Jazeera. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 14 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Ni, Vincent; Frayer, Lauren (6 May 2024). "Hamas has accepted a cease-fire deal proposed by Egypt and Qatar". Middle East crisis—explained. NPR. Archived from the original on 27 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Hamas accepts Gaza ceasefire proposal from Egypt and Qatar". CNN. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Sources:
- "Hamas says no budging from already-rejected hostage deal offer as Cairo talks break up". The Times of Israel. 10 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
Jerusalem swiftly rejected the proposal for falling short of its "vital demands," but okayed dispatching a working-level delegation to the indirect talks in Cairo.
- Alghoul, Fares; Khraiche, Dana; Altstein, Galit (7 May 2024). "Israel Says a Cease-Fire Plan Backed by Hamas Falls Short". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
The Palestinian militant group Hamas said it had agreed to a cease-fire proposal for the Gaza Strip, but Israel's war cabinet unanimously rejected it as "far from Israel's necessary demands,"...
- Osborne, Samuel (7 May 2024). "Israel claims control of key Rafah crossing after rejecting ceasefire deal with Hamas". Sky News. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
The Israeli military claims it has taken control of the vital Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt - hours after rejecting a ceasefire deal accepted by Hamas.
- "Hamas says no budging from already-rejected hostage deal offer as Cairo talks break up". The Times of Israel. 10 May 2024. Archived from the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
- ^ Burke, Jason; Tantesh, Malak A.; Borger, Julian (6 May 2024). "Israeli airstrikes on Rafah begin despite mounting ceasefire pressure". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Gritten, David (6 May 2024). "Hamas says it accepts Gaza ceasefire proposal". BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel-Gaza war live: Israel 'plans to proceed with Rafah invasion plans' after Hamas ceasefire announcement". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ Kathleen Magramo; Adam Renton; Antoinette Radford; Sana Noor Haq; Ed Upright; Tara John; Aditi Sangal; Elise Hammond (6 May 2024). "Israeli airstrikes kill multiple people in Rafah, Palestinian Civil Defense says". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Israeli troops said fighting near Rafah crossing with Egypt". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 6 May 2024. Retrieved 6 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel's war on Gaza live: Israel blasts Rafah; fate of ceasefire uncertain". aljazeera.com. Aljazeera. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel seizes key Gaza border crossing as it launches assault on Rafah". Al Jazeera. 7 May 2024. Archived from the original on 13 May 2024. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ Magdy, Samy; Lidman, Melanie; Keath, Lee (7 May 2024). "Israel seizes Gaza's vital Rafah crossing, but the US says it isn't the full invasion many fear". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (7 May 2024). "Israel Commits to Limit Rafah Operation, Grant Control of Crossing With Egypt to Private U.S. Firm". Haaretz.
- ^ "US paused weapons shipment to Israel amid concern over Rafah, senior US official says". The Guardian. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ Liptak, Kevin (8 May 2024). "Biden says he will stop sending bombs and artillery shells to Israel if it launches major invasion of Rafah". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ "Israeli army orders more evacuations from Rafah as it expands Gaza assault". Al Jazeera. 11 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ "Palestinians mark 76 years of their dispossession as more catastrophe unfolds in Gaza". AP News. 16 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
- ^ "Summary of the Order of 24 may 2024". International Court of Justice. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
- ^ "UN says only 906 aid truckloads reached Gaza since Israel's Rafah operation began". Reuters. 24 May 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
- ^ "At least 45 killed in Israeli airstrike on displaced persons camp in Rafah, health ministry says, hours after Hamas fired rockets into Israel". CBS News. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "May 26, 2024 Israel-Hamas war". CNN. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "World leaders condemn Israeli strike after 45 are reported killed in Gaza tent camp". NBC News. 27 May 2024. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "International Outrage Over Israel's Rafah Tent Massacre Has Not Slowed IDF Offensive". HuffPost. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel's war on Gaza updates: New massacre of displaced civilians in Rafah". Al Jazeera. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel did not strike humanitarian area, says IDF spokesperson". The Jerusalem Post. 28 May 2024. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
- ^ "Biden announces Israel has offered a three-part proposal to end the war in Gaza". NBC News. 31 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
- ^ Shurafa, Wafaa; Magdy, Samy (7 June 2024). "Israeli strike kills at least 33 people at a Gaza school the military claims was being used by Hamas". AP News. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ Salman, Abeer; Al Sawalhi, Mohammad; Picheta, Rob; Goodwin, Allegra (6 June 2024). "Israel strike on UN school that left dozens dead used US munitions, CNN analysis finds". CNN. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ "US weapons parts used in Israeli attack on Gaza school: Al Jazeera analysis". Al Jazeera. 6 June 2024. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
- ^ a b Ravid, Barak (8 June 2024). "Israel rescues four hostages held by Hamas in Gaza". Axios.
- ^ Khoury, Jack; Kubovich, Yaniv; Lis, Jonathan; Hauser Tov, Michael; Aderet, Ofer. "Israeli Special Forces Rescue Four Hostages Held in Gaza by Hamas Since October 7". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ "Israel rescues 4 hostages taken in Hamas' Oct. 7 attack, and 210 Palestinians are reported killed". AP News. 8 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
- ^ "Rights group decries Israeli military's use of 'aid truck' disguise in Nuseirat massacre". The New Arab. 11 June 2024.
- ^ "How Gaza hostage raid ended with Israel striking crowded streets". BBC. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Jahjouh, Mohammad; Jeffery, Jack; Chehayeb, Kareem (10 June 2024). "How an Israeli raid freed 4 hostages and killed at least 274 Palestinians in Gaza". AP News. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Israel kills more than 200 in attack on central Gaza: Gov't Media Office". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Police say Officer Arnon Zamora dies of wounds from hostage rescue op". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 June 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2024.
- ^ a b Tondo, Lorenzo (10 July 2024). "Israeli strike on Khan Younis shelter kills at least 31 amid surge in Gaza fighting". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ Izso, Lauren; Tawfeeq, Mohammed (24 June 2024). "'Intense phase of war with Hamas about to end,' focus to shift to Lebanon border, Netanyahu says". CNN. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
- ^ "Hamas clears the way for a possible cease-fire in Gaza after dropping key demand, officials say". AP News. 6 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel storms Gaza City neighbourhood and orders Palestinians to go south". Middle East Monitor. 27 June 2024. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ NBC News (10 July 2024). Video shows the moment a deadly strike hits Al-Awda school in Gaza. Retrieved 12 July 2024 – via YouTube. Contains graphic images of severe injury.
- ^ Kent, Lauren; Tawfeeq, Mohammed; Khadder, Kareem; Salman, Abeer (9 July 2024). "At least 25 people killed in strike on school complex near Khan Younis, Gaza Health Ministry says". CNN. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
- ^ Goodwin, Allegra; Schmitz, Avery; Mezzofiore, Gianluca (10 July 2024). "US-made munitions used in deadly Israeli strike on school complex near Khan Younis, CNN analysis finds". CNN. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
- ^ "At least 50 killed in Israeli attacks as Gaza City fighting rages". Al Jazeera. 9 July 2024. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
- ^ "Israeli forces pull back after Gaza City attack, leaving dozens of bodies". LBC International. 12 July 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Abu Alkas, Dawoud (12 July 2024). "Rescuers say they find dozens of bodies after Israelis scale back Gaza City fight with Hamas". Reuters.
- ^ Khadder, Kareem; Sawalhi, Mohammad Al; Kourdi, Eyad; Dahman, Ibrahim; Lister, Tim; Haq, Sana Noor (12 July 2024). "Israeli military retreats from northern Gaza, leaving dozens of Palestinians killed and razing neighborhoods to the ground". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Dadon, Adva (15 July 2024). "IDF admits: Many tanks were damaged and disabled in the war, the existing scope of the force is insufficient". N12. Retrieved 15 July 2024.
- ^ Stephan, Laure (17 July 2024). "UNRWA headquarters in Gaza City in ruins following recent Israeli air raid". Le Monde. Archived from the original on 17 July 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "UNRWA Commissioner-General says turning the agency's headquarters in Gaza into a battlefield and flattened it to the ground was 'shocking'". Wafa. 15 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Mersiha Gadzo; Maziar Motamedi. "Israel's war on Gaza updates: UNRWA headquarters in Gaza 'flattened'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ Berman, Lazar (18 July 2024). "Turkey slams destruction of hospital near Gaza City; IDF: Hamas used it as military complex, to hold hostages". Times of Israel.
- ^ Guldogan, Diyar (16 July 2024). "Attacks on hospital in Gaza 'further evidence of Israel's violation' of int'l law: Türkiye". Anadolu Agency. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 16 July 2024.
- ^ "IDF orders evacuation of part of Gaza safe zone, says Hamas deeply embedded in area". The Times of Israel. 22 July 2024.
- ^ a b Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Rabinovitch, Ari; Khaled, Hatem (22 July 2024). "Israel sends tanks back into Khan Younis area, 70 killed after new evacuation order". Reuters.
- ^ "Gaza war: 150,000 have fled Khan Younis since Monday, UN says". BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ Rasgon, Adam; Bigg, Matthew Mpoke; Stevenson, Alexandra; Fuller, Thomas (23 July 2024). "Rival Palestinian Factions Project Unity, but Deep Divisions Remain". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
The Gazan Health Ministry said that 73 people had been killed by Israel's bombardment of the area on Monday, including 24 children. More than 270 others were injured, some severely, the ministry said.
- ^ "At least 39,090 Palestinians killed in Gaza since Oct. 7: Ministry". Al Arabiya. Agence France-Presse. 23 July 2024. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
According to the health ministry, the death toll from an Israeli operation launched in Khan Younis on Monday rose to 73, including 24 children and 15 women, with more than 270 wounded.
- ^ Kubovich, Yaniv (29 July 2024). "Israeli Army Commanders Gave Order to Blow Up Rafah Reservoir. IDF Suspects Breach of Int'l Law". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 6 August 2024.
- ^ Tirawi, Younis. "The IDF Just Destroyed a Key Rafah Water Facility Rachel Corrie Spent Her Last Month of Life Defending". Drop Site News. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ "Al Jazeera journalist, cameraman killed in Israeli attack on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel says Hamas commander Mohammed Deif killed in July air raid on Gaza". Al Jazeera. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ Pietromarchi, Virginia; Osgood, Brian (1 August 2024). "15 killed in attack on shelter for displaced". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "1st LD Writethru: 15 killed by Israeli bombing in Gaza City". Xinhua News Agency. 1 August 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel assassinated 5 Hamas leaders in a tunnel under Gaza City — Arab media report". The Times of Israel. 2 August 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
- ^ Adler, Nils; Motamedi, Maziar (3 August 2024). "17 killed in attacks on shelter". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Israeli airstrike hits school-turn-shelter in Gaza, killing and mounding many". Wafa. 3 August 2024. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ "Gaza Civil Defence Says Israel Strike Kills 10 At School Compound". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
- ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma (4 August 2024). "Gaza: airstrikes on schools and a hospital kill 30 amid 'heated' US-Israeli talks". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
Not all the dead have been identified, but civilians make up a majority of the 25,000 who have been named.
- ^ Lyndal Rowlands; Zaheena Rasheed; Virginia Pietromarchi. "Al-Aqsa Hospital bombed". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ "Strike on Gaza kills 4 and stabbing in Israel kills 2 as fears of wider war spike across the Mideast". Washington Post. 4 August 2024. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
Gaza's Health Ministry does not differentiate between civilians and militants in its tallies.
- ^ Strike hits a tent camp in the courtyard of Al Aqsa Martyrs hospital in central Gaza. Retrieved 4 August 2024 – via AP News.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Nils Adler. "Death toll rises to 30 after Israeli attacks on two Gaza City schools". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Nils Adler. "Majority of casualties in school bombings are children: Palestinian Civil Defence". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ Maziar Motamedi; Nils Adler. "Israeli military claims attacks on schools targeted Hamas fighters". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
- ^ Nils Adler; Stephen Quillen; Umut Uras. "'Displacement never ends in Gaza': UNRWA". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
- ^ Khoudary, Hind (7 August 2024). "Israel continues raids on Khan Younis 'safe zones'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "At least 7 killed in Israeli attack on camp for displaced Gazans in Khan Younis". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Khoudary, Hind (7 August 2024). "Israeli forces step up attacks across Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Gadzo, Mersiha. "Death toll rises to 15 in Israeli attack on schools". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ "IDF says it struck Hamas command centers embedded within Gaza City schools; 12 reportedly killed". The Times of Israel. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ Najjar, Farah; Motamedi, Maziar. "Israeli army's message is that there is no safe place in Gaza: Civil Defense". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
- ^ "Israeli airstrike on a Gaza school used as a shelter kills at least 80, Palestinian officials say". AP News. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
Fadel Naeem, director of the al-Ahli hospital in Gaza City, told The Associated Press that the facility received 70 bodies along with the body parts of at least 10 others.
- ^ "Israeli strike on Gaza school kills more than 100: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
Without providing evidence, the Israeli military said in a separate statement that it had intelligence indicating there were 20 Hamas and Islamic Jihad fighters, including senior commanders, operating from the school.
- ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel (10 August 2024). "IDF doubts Hamas claim of over 100 dead after strike on terror operatives at Gaza school". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Bob, Yonah Jeremy (12 August 2024). "IDF names 12 more terrorists killed in Gaza school strike, no answer on civilians". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 12 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (10 August 2024). "Israel names 19 terror operatives killed in Gaza strike, says no major damage to school complex, denies Hamas death toll claims". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Maziar. ""Israeli military 'falsely claimed' school bombing victims were Hamas"". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
A Palestinian national and chairman of the Geneva-based Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor says the Israeli military is trying to frame innocent citizens as fighters to justify its latest massacre in Gaza.
- ^ "Israel's claims about the massacre are false: Hamas". Al Jazeera. 10 August 2024.
- ^ "UN: 274 people killed in attacks on 21 schools in Gaza". Middle East Monitor. 14 August 2024.
- ^ "UN Human Rights Office - OPT: The UN Human Rights Office condemns Israeli Defense Force's Strike on Al Tabae'en School in Gaza City - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int. 10 August 2024. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair; Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut. "Nine children killed in az-Zawayda attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair; Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut. "Israeli military bombs cart in Khan Younis, killing 2". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Mccready, Alastair; Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut. "Six killed near Nuseirat: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Quillen, Stephen; Uras, Umut; Adler, Nils. "Only 11% of Gaza is part of 'humanitarian zone': UNRWA". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Adler, Nils. "Israeli forces continue to 'violate international law': Gaza civil defence official". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
He said Israeli forces have reduced the size of the humanitarian zone to only 15 to 19 percent of the entire area of the Gaza Strip.
- ^ Damanhoury, Kareem El; Lau, Chris (17 August 2024). "10-month-old contracts Gaza's first case of polio in 25 years". CNN. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Siddiqui, Usaid. "Palestinians in Gaza targeted wherever they go". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
- ^ Motamedi, Tamila Varshalomidze, Nils Adler, Umut Uras, Maziar. "WATCH: Six children among 25 killed in Israeli attacks on Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Palestinian infant killed, others injured by Israeli live bullets west of Khan Youins". Wafa. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ "Nine civilians killed, others wounded in Israeli shelling of group of civilians west of Gaza City". Wafa. 19 August 2024. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
- ^ Siddiqui, Maziar Motamedi, Usaid. "Israeli air attacks kill nine people in Shati, four in az-Zarqa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen,Umut. "Haniyeh's guards among those killed in Shati camp". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen,Umut. "Death toll from Gaza City school strike rises to 12". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
However, others are still missing under the building's rubble, with rescuers unable to reach them due to a lack of equipment, it said.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Israeli strike on Gaza school kills 7, injures 15". The Times of India. 20 August 2024. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
After an Israeli plane dropped a bomb on the second floor of the (Mustafa Hafiz School) building housing thousands of displaced people," The agency's spokesman, Mahmud Bassal told AFP, adding, that the bodies of five adult males and two children were recovered from the rubble.
- ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen, Umut (20 August 2024). "'No warning' before Gaza City school strike". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen, Umut (20 August 2024). "Three killed in Gaza City school attack". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Uras, Stephen Quillen, Umut (20 August 2024). "Civil defence says 700 displaced Palestinians sheltered in targeted school". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fassihi, Farnaz (1 November 2023). "After Years of Vowing to Destroy Israel, Iran Faces a Dilemma". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ a b "Syria says Israeli missiles hit Damascus, Aleppo airports". Reuters. 12 October 2023.
- ^ "An Israeli airstrike on the Syrian capital killed at least 5 Iranian advisers, officials say". AP News. 20 January 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ a b "State media say an Israeli strike kills 2 in a Damascus residential area. Another kills 2 in Lebanon". AP News. 21 February 2024. Retrieved 14 April 2024.
- ^ a b c Tanyos, Faris; Tabachnick, Cara (13 April 2024). "Iran launches drones toward Israel in retaliatory attack after consulate strike in Syria". CBS News. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel braces as Iran launches wave of retaliatory strikes". CNN. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ a b Tharoor, Ishaan (31 October 2023). "As Israel pummels Gaza, the crisis in the West Bank comes into focus". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ שלום, עודד; לשבת", "מוסף (9 November 2023). "האלימות של המתנחלים ביו"ש מפריעה לצה"ל. חייבים להבין, זה עלול להביא להסלמה שתוביל לפתיחת עוד זירה" [The violence of the settlers in Yosh disturbs the IDF. We must understand, this may lead to an escalation that will lead to the opening of another arena]. ynet (in Hebrew). Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "Spike in Israeli lethal force against Palestinians in Occupied West Bank". Amnesty International. 5 February 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ "Israel's 'chilling disregard' for life in occupied West Bank: Amnesty". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
- ^ Rasgon, Adam (6 February 2024). "Mideast Crisis: In Gaza's Crowded South, Many Fear a New Israeli Ground Push". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ Abi-Habib, Maria; Nazzal, Rami (30 October 2023). "Settler Violence Against Palestinians in the West Bank Is Rising". The New York Times.
- ^ Loveluck, Louisa (9 November 2023). "Settler violence is erasing Palestinian communities in the West Bank". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 November 2023.
- ^ Federman, Josef; Adwan, Issam (11 October 2023). "Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Four Palestinians killed in Israeli settler attack: ministry". France 24. 11 October 2023.
- ^ "aistishhad 'ab wanajlih birasas almustawtinin janub nabulus" استشهاد أب ونجله برصاص المستوطنين جنوب نابلس [Father and son killed by settlers' gunfire south of Nablus]. Al Quds (in Arabic). 12 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "2 Palestinians killed after settlers said to ambush funeral in West Bank". The Times of Israel. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Palestinians rush to buy food and struggle under strikes as Israel readies possible ground operation". Associated Press. 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Al Amir, Khitam (18 October 2023). "Jordan cancels US President Biden's visit to Amman, quartet summit". Gulf News. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Al Tahhan, Zena (18 October 2023). "Palestinian Authority cracks down on protests over Israel Gaza attacks". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ "Hamas spokesman reportedly among scores arrested in occupied West Bank". CNN. 19 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel strikes mosque in occupied West Bank refugee camp". Al Jazeera. 22 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (27 October 2023). "IDF confirms deadly clashes with gunmen in West Bank raids; 36 arrested". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ Jhaveri, Ashka; Moore, Johanna; Tyson, Kathryn; Carter, Brian; Ganzeveld, Annika; Carl, Nicholas (31 October 2023). "Iran Update, October 31, 2023". Institute for the Study of War. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
The al Quds Brigades and the Tulkarm Battalion of the al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades conducted a combined small arms attack on Israeli forces in Shuweika near Tulkarm, indicating growing coordination between the two groups. This was the first combined attack between the al Quds Brigades and al Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades in the West Bank since October 19.
- ^ Siddiqui, Usaid. "Situation in occupied West Bank 'very hard': Hebron-based activist". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "Settler violence against Palestinians in West Bank on the rise, OCHA says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ^ "More than 14 Palestinians killed as violence flares in West Bank". Reuters. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ "IDF wraps up 50-hour operation in Nur Shams refugee camp: 10 soldiers hurt, 14 Palestinian gunmen killed". The Times of Israel. 21 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Anti-settlement group says Israel has made largest West Bank land seizure in 3 decades". AP News. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel approves plans for nearly 5,300 new homes in West Bank settlements". AP News. 4 July 2024. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Israeli forces blow up Fatah headquarters during raid near Nablus". Wafa. 7 August 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ Najjar, Farah (7 August 2024). "Israeli forces blow up Fatah building in Balata camp: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 7 August 2024.
- ^ "Government okays establishment of first new West Bank settlement since 2017". The Times of Israel. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ "Israel publishes plan for new West Bank settlement as regional tensions simmer". Reuters. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ Halabi, Liran Tamari Einav; Zitun, Yoav (30 November 2023). "3 killed, at least 11 injured in shooting attack near entrance to Jerusalem". Ynet. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (16 February 2024). "Two killed, 4 hurt in terror attack at Re'em Junction in south Israel; gunman dead". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
- ^ "Israeli settlers kill two Palestinians in West Bank, officials say". The Guardian. 16 April 2024. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
- ^ Tondo, Lorenzo; Taha, Sufian; Burke, Jason (16 May 2024). "'Barbaric': Palestinian lorry drivers recount settlers' attack on Gaza aid convoy". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ Borger, Julian (22 February 2024). "Claims of Israeli sexual assault of Palestinian women are credible, UN panel says". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "'Raped by female soldiers': Palestinian in leaked Sde Teiman photo speaks out". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ "Palestinian in leaked Sde Teiman photo speaks out". Middle East Eye. 10 August 2024. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
- ^ "Palestinians recount deadly abuse in Israeli prisons: 'It is Guantánamo'". Washington Post. 29 July 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ "Welcome to Hell: The Israeli Prison System as a Network of Torture Camps". B'Tselem. 5 August 2024.
- ^ a b Fabian, Emanuel (29 July 2024). "Military Police raid IDF detention facility, 9 held, over 'serious abuse of a detainee'". Times of Israel.
- ^ Qiblawi, Tamara (10 May 2024). "Israeli whistleblowers detail horror of shadowy detention facility for Palestinians". CNN. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ "Inside Sde Teiman, the Base Where Israel Detains Gazans". The New York Times. 6 June 2024. Archived from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Qiblawi, Tamara; Goodwin, Allegra; Arvanitidis, Barbara (5 June 2024). "Israel phasing out use of desert detention camp after CNN investigation detailing abuses". CNN. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (30 July 2024). "'Bordering on anarchy': IDF chief sounds alarm after right-wing mob overruns 2nd base". Times of Israel.
- ^ "Israel, Hezbollah exchange fire raising regional tensions". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 October 2023). "IDF artillery strikes targets in Lebanon as mortar shells fired toward Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Israeli strike in southern Lebanon kills civilians, including children; intense bombardment of Gaza City commences: Hamas-Israel war, day 30". L'Orient Today.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 347 soldiers, 58 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
Six soldiers have also been killed in attacks claimed by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Hezbollah terror group on the border with Lebanon since the fighting started. One soldier was killed in a West Bank terror attack. The military's list also includes a soldier killed by friendly fire in the West Bank, a soldier killed due to malfunctioning ammunition on the Lebanon border, and two soldiers killed in a tank accident in northern Israel.
- ^ "A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say". ABC News. 2 November 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon says Israeli strike kills reporter's 4 relatives". France 24. 5 November 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Lebanon army says one soldier killed in Israeli shelling on border post". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ "Tensions high in south Lebanon in anticipation of Hezbollah's next move". Arab News. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ^ Zilber, Neri (16 November 2023). "Israel's dilemma in confronting the threat from Hezbollah". Christian Science Monitor. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ Bar'el, Zvi (5 July 2024). "A Full Reoccupation of Gaza Won't Keep Israelis Safe. It Will Only Fan the Flames". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
- ^ "Israel says Hezbollah rocket kills 12 at football ground, vows response". Reuters. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
- ^ Uras, Umut; Marsi, Federica (28 July 2024). "Hezbollah's denial of responsibility for rocket attack opens door for de-escalation". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
Omar Baddar, a Middle East political analyst, says he believes the rocket attack on the Golan Heights was "almost certainly an accident", regardless of who was responsible for it.
- ^ "Golan Heights: Children dead in football pitch attack". BBC News. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "US warship intercepts missiles fired from Yemen 'potentially towards Israel'". BBC News. 20 October 2023. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ "US warship in Red Sea intercepts 3 missiles fired from Yemen, possibly at Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ "Yemen seen as source of fire on Eilat". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 31 October 2023.
- ^ "US Navy destroyer in Red Sea shoots down cruise missiles potentially headed toward Israel: Pentagon". ABC News. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
- ^ Dahan, Maha El (31 October 2023). "Yemen's Houthis enter Mideast fray, hardening spillover fears". Reuters.
- ^ "Yemen hasn't declared war on Israel, contrary to online claims. Houthi rebels have launched missiles". AP News. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 4 November 2023.
- ^ Gambrell, Jon (22 November 2023). "Yemen rebels' helicopter-borne attack on ship raises risks in Red Sea". Associated Press. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ "US destroyer shoots down drones after Houthi attack on ships in Red Sea". France 24. 4 December 2023.
- ^ "Yemen's Houthis say they targeted two Israeli ships in Red Sea: Report". Al Jazeera. 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
- ^ Michaelis, Tamar (10 December 2023). "Israel ready to act against Houthi rebels if international community fails to, national security adviser says". CNN.
- ^ "Drone strike near U.S. Embassy office in Tel Aviv leaves one dead, Yemen's Houthi rebels claim attack". NBC News. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
- ^ Thom Poole; Sophie Tanno; Eyad Kourdi; Adam Pourahmadi; Andrew Carey; Lauren Izso; Hira Humayun; Andrew Raine (20 July 2024). "At least 6 killed, Houthis say, as Israeli airstrikes hit Yemen day after Tel Aviv drone attack". CNN. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- ^ "Army says building damaged in Eilat drone attack, apparently launched from Iraq". The Times of Israel. 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Iran-Backed 'Islamic Resistance In Iraq' Claims Attack Against Israeli Target On Dead Sea Coastline". MEMRI. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "Iraqi militia attempts Eilat drone attack, was intercepted over Jordan". The Jerusalem Post. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ "Suspected explosive-laden drone crashes in Golan; Iraqi militia claims responsibility". The Times of Israel. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ "Iraqi Shiite factions attack Haifa with a strategic missile". Shafaq News. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
- ^ Monks, Kieron (25 January 2024). "Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi Islamic resistance attack on Kiryat Shmona airport". webangah. 6 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Chaos in Tel Aviv: Iraqi resistance strikes Israel's main airport with drone". The Times of India. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi terror group claims to target Ben-Gurion Airport in alleged drone strike". I24news. 12 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Iraqi Shiite militia claims 3 drone attacks in Israel". Xinhua. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ Monks, Kieron (25 January 2024). "Iraqi militias claim drone strike on Israel's biggest port as attacks ramp up". i news. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Houthis target Israel's Ashdod and Haifa". Al Arabiya. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Yemen's Houthis claim joint raid on Israeli ships with Iraqi militia". Al Jazeera. 23 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "More than 40 people killed in Israeli strikes on Syria's Aleppo: Reports". Al Jazeera. 29 March 2024. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ "Top IRGC officer killed in Syria strike identified as Gen. Sadegh Omidzadeh". The Times of Israel. Associated Press. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
- ^ "Iran says Israel bombed its embassy in Syria, killing a top commander". Reuters. 1 April 2024.
- ^ Bowen, Jeremy; Gritten, David (1 April 2024). "Israel accused of deadly strike on Iranian consulate in Syria". BBC News. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ "Syria says soldier killed, three wounded in Israeli strikes". Reuters. 13 July 2024.
- ^ "An Israeli-owned ship was targeted in suspected Iranian attack in Indian Ocean, US official tells AP". AP News. 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ Epstein, Jake (14 December 2023). "Exploding Iranian drones cause chaos, no match for US Navy warships". Business Insider.
- ^ "India drone strike: Cargo ship attacked off Gujarat coast". BBC News. 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
- ^ Beaumont, Peter (14 April 2024). "Why Israel's attack on Iranian consulate in Syria was a gamechanger". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
- ^ "The night Iran's missile spectacle rattled Israel". Financial Times. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ "'True Promise': Why and how did Iran launch a historic attack on Israel?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
- ^ "Iran says MSC Aries vessel seized for 'violating maritime laws'". Reuters. 15 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
- ^ "Iranian forces take over Israel-linked Portuguese ship MCS ARIES". The Jerusalem Post. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
- ^ "Hamas says leader killed in Israel strike in Iran". France 24. 31 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ Livingstone, Helen (31 July 2024). "Middle East crisis: Hamas says leader Ismail Haniyeh killed in Iran – latest updates". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
- ^ a b "occupied Palestinian territory". UN OCHA. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ a b "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths". France 24. Agence France-Presse. 15 December 2023. Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ "14 kids under 10, 25 people over 80: Up-to-date breakdown of Oct 7 victims we know about". Times of Israel. 4 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ Abraham, Yuval (6 November 2023). "A Gazan worked in Israeli kibbutzim for decades. Then came Oct. 7". +972 magazine. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023.
- ^ "רשימת שמות החטופים לעזה" [The list of names of those abducted to Gaza]. The list of names of those abducted to Gaza (in Hebrew). Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
- ^ Emanuel, Fabian; Horovitz, Michael. "Israeli civilian killed by anti-tank missile in north as Hezbollah attacks continue". Times of Israel. No. 7 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (14 January 2024). "Israeli man killed in Hezbollah anti-tank missile attack in Kfar Yuval, northern Israel". Times of Israel. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Abu Mayzer, Sinan. "Palestinian gunmen shoot dead West Bank motorist, two assailants killed - police". Reuters. No. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ^ Ghert-Zand, Renee (5 April 2024). "Lidor Levy, 34, dies of wounds from Gan Yavne terror stabbing attack". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel (13 April 2024). "Body of Israeli teen found in West Bank; IDF says he was murdered in terror attack". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Defense Ministry contractor succumbs to wounds sustained in southern Gaza mortar attack". The Times of Israel.
- ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Authorities name 347 soldiers, 58 police officers killed in Gaza war". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
Six soldiers have also been killed in attacks claimed by the Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Hezbollah terror group on the border with Lebanon since the fighting started. One soldier was killed in a West Bank terror attack. The military's list also includes a soldier killed by friendly fire in the West Bank, a soldier killed due to malfunctioning ammunition on the Lebanon border, and two soldiers killed in a tank accident in northern Israel.
- ^ Including:
- 832 civilians
- 695 Israelis, 5 Gazans and 71 foreign citizens on 7 October[623][624][625]
- 40 hostages in Gaza[626]
- 10 on the Lebanese border[627][628]
- 4 in Jerusalem
- 2 near Kiryat Malakhi
- 2 in Eli
- 1 in Ra'anana
- 1 in Ma'ale Adumim[629]
- 1 in Gan Yavne[630]
- 1 in East Jerusalem[631]
- 1 in Kerem Shalom[632]
- 721 combatant security forces[633]
- 649 soldiers
- 62 Israel Police officers
- 10 Shin Bet personnel
- 832 civilians
- ^ "Journalist casualties in the Israel-Gaza war". Committee to Protect Journalists. 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
- ^ "The IDF is supposed to protect aid workers. Aid agencies say the Israeli military has been attacking them for months". NBC News. 6 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ Azza Guergues, 100,000 Palestinians Are Surviving in Egypt Without Refugee Status, Foreign Policy 15 August 2024
- ^ "United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory | Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - reported impact | Day 215". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory. 8 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ "UN seemingly halves estimate of Gazan women, children killed". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 11 May 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
- ^ van der Merwe, Ben (4 April 2024). "Israel-Hamas war: Gaza's morgue network has effectively collapsed - how are they recording their dead?". Sky News. Sky News. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
- ^ "Gaza war: Why is the UN citing lower death toll for women and children?". 16 May 2024. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
- ^ "Why the U.N. revised the numbers of women and children killed in Gaza". Retrieved 19 May 2024.
- ^ Zeina Jamaluddine, Zhixi Chen, Hanan Abukmail, Sarah Aly, Shatha Elnakib, Gregory Barnsley et al. (2024). Crisis in Gaza: Scenario-based health impact projections. Report One: 7 February to 6 August 2024. London, Baltimore: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Johns Hopkins University.
- ^ "October 7 Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes by Hamas-led Groups | Human Rights Watch". 17 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ Vinograd, Cassandra; Kershner, Isabel (2 November 2023). "Israel's Attackers Took About 240 Hostages. Here's What to Know About Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "Images of the Mass Kidnapping of Israelis by Hamas". The Atlantic. 9 October 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Shurafa, Wafaa; Mroue, Bassem (11 November 2023). "Fighting intensifies at Gaza's largest hospital. Its director says patients have died because the power is out". AP News. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "Service extension law not yet approved, fighters in uncertainty: 'They are taken for granted'". ynet. 4 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
- ^ "Defense ministry expects 100,000 disabled IDF veterans by 2030, half to be related to mental health". Haaretz. 14 August 2024. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
- ^ a b Ioanes, Ellen (14 October 2023). "Gaza's spiraling humanitarian crisis, explained". Vox. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ a b Marsi, Federica (14 October 2023). "Gaza doctors warn of a humanitarian catastrophe after Israeli attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ Gottbrath, Laurin-Whitney. "Gaza "fast becoming hell hole" on "brink of collapse" amid Israel strikes: UN". Axios. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ "Gaza war inflicts catastrophic damage on infrastructure and economy". Reuters. 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 30 November 2023.
- ^ Mellen, Ruby; Chen, Szu Yu (26 October 2023). "See how Israel's siege has plunged Gaza into darkness and isolation". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 October 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d Español, Marc (29 January 2024). "The Egyptians who have sent more than 130,000 digital cell phone cards to Gaza to defy blackouts". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ Aly, Rasha (17 December 2023). "Palestinians in Gaza using eSim cards to get around communications blackout". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Vo, Lam Thuy (7 November 2023). "'Let Me Tell Them Goodbye Before They Get Killed': How eSIM Cards Are Connecting Palestinian Families – The Markup". themarkup.org. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
- ^ Emma Tucker; Alaa Elassar (3 December 2023). "When Gaza lost phone and internet under Israeli attack, this activist found a way to get Palestinians back online". CNN. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
- ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (6 November 2023). "Gaza death toll tops 10,000; UN calls it a children's graveyard". Reuters. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ "UN says Gaza becoming". BBC News. 6 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 7 November 2023.
- ^ "UN chief: Gaza has become 'graveyard for kids'; Israeli envoy calls for him to resign". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Nichols, Michelle. "UN chief says Gaza becoming a 'graveyard for children'". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
- ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (18 November 2023). "The War Turns Gaza Into a 'Graveyard' for Children". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
- ^ Gaffney, Adam (30 May 2024). "Don't Believe the Conspiracies About the Gaza Death Toll". The Nation.
For instance, the Geneva Declaration Secretariat's review of prior conflicts found that indirect deaths have, for most conflicts since the 1990s, been three to fifteen-fold higher than direct deaths, and suggest a ratio of four to one as a "conservative" estimate. There are reasons to think this ratio could be on the low end in Gaza given, among other things, the protracted and brutal siege.
- ^ "'More than 186,000 dead' in Gaza: How credible are the estimates published on The Lancet?". France 24. 11 July 2024.
- ^ Doctors w/o Borders [@MSF_USA] (20 October 2023). "You need that fuel to run generators for life-saving medical equipment.' There is a lack of painkillers. Access to supplies means life or death at this point. We're deeply concerned for the fate of everyone in Gaza right now" (Tweet). Retrieved 20 October 2023 – via Twitter.
- ^ "'The world must do more' for Gaza, 5 UN agencies say". UN News. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "Red Cross president says 'shocked by the intolerable level of human suffering'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ "'We have fallen off a precipice', UN human rights chief says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Uras, Umut. "Israel war on Gaza updates: Health Ministry declares polio epidemic in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ a b c "Israel has waged one of this century's most destructive wars in Gaza". The Washington Post. 23 December 2023. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Malsin, Jared; Shah, Saeed (30 December 2023). "The Ruined Landscape of Gaza After Nearly Three Months of Bombing". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b Wintour, Patrick (7 December 2023). "Widespread destruction in Gaza puts concept of 'domicide' in focus". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b c Dyer, Evan (30 December 2023). "Israel's Gaza bombing campaign is the most destructive of this century, analysts say". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Military briefing: Israel's devastating bombing campaign in Gaza". Financial Times. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ "200 days of military attack on Gaza: A horrific death toll amid intl. failure to stop Israel's genocide of Palestinians". Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ "Amount of Israeli bombs dropped on Gaza surpasses that of World War II". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
- ^ Pape, Robert A. (21 June 2024). "Hamas Is Winning". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ^ Kristof, Nicholas (13 January 2024). "The Things We Disagree On About Gaza". The New York Times.
- ^ Emma Graham Harrison,Gaza's 37m tonnes of bomb-filled debris could take 14 years to clear, says expert The Guardian 26 April 2024
- ^ "Satellite images show 35% of buildings in Gaza have been damaged or destroyed, UN says". CNN. 21 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "35% of Buildings Affected in Gaza Strip". UNITAR. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Over 50% of Gaza buildings damaged or destroyed in Israel's bombardment". Axios. 5 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ "The numbers that reveal the extent of the destruction in Gaza". The Guardian. 8 January 2024. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ "Military briefing: the Israeli bombs raining on Gaza". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
- ^ a b "Is Israeli bombing of Gaza a violation of international laws?". Al Jazeera. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Farge, Emma (10 October 2023). "UN rights chief condemns Israeli 'siege' of Gaza, militants' taking of hostages". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Commission of Inquiry collecting evidence of war crimes committed by all sides in Israel and Occupied Palestinian Territories since 7 October 2023" (Press release). UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. 10 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "How international law applies to war, and why Hamas and Israel are both alleged to have broken it". Associated Press News. 17 October 2023. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ "War crimes by both sides in Israel-Gaza war". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ "Is Israeli bombing of Gaza a violation of international laws?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- ^ "ICC prosecutor in Israel to meet survivors of Oct. 7 onslaught, families of victims". Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ Lau, Chris (20 May 2024). "Live updates: Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, Benny Gantz ultimatum, Netanyahu government in turmoil". CNN.
- ^ "Statement of ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan KC: Applications for arrest warrants in the situation in the State of Palestine | International Criminal Court".
- ^ "Israel Gaza war: ICC prosecutor seeks arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Hamas leaders". BBC News. 20 May 2024.
- ^ "UN adds Israel to global list of offenders that harm children". CNN. 7 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ Tibon, Amir. "UN adds Israel, Hamas to 'blacklist' of countries that harm children in conflict zones amid Gaza war". Haaretz.
- ^ "UN adds Israel to 'list of shame' for alleged rights violations against children during war; Netanyahu: 'Delusional' | The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Israeli authorities, Palestinian armed groups are responsible for war crimes, other grave violations of international law, UN Inquiry finds". OHCHR.org. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "UN inquiry says Israel and Hamas have both committed war crimes since October 7". CNN. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "'Immense' scale of Gaza killings amount to crime against humanity, UN inquiry says". Reuters. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "UN-backed commission accuses Israel and Palestinian groups of war crimes". Al Jazeera. 12 June 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Detailed findings on attacks carried out on and after 7 October 2023 in Israel" (PDF). ohchr.org. United Nations Human Rights Council. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Report by UN-backed experts cites crimes by Israeli forces, Palestinian militants starting 0ct. 7". AP News. 12 June 2024. Archived from the original on 22 June 2024. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
- ^ "Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory Concludes that Israeli Authorities and Hamas Are Both Responsible for War Crimes". OHCHR.org. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Israel may have violated laws of war in Gaza, UN rights office says". Reuters. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "Israel's actions in Gaza 'intentional attack on civilians': UN inquiry". Al Jazeera. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "'Never seen anything like this': UN Commission of Inquiry on Israel-Gaza". Al Jazeera. 19 June 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ "How the Israel-Hamas War Impacts Regional Relations". United States Institute of Peace.
- ^ "The Diplomatic Off-Ramp After Israel's Invasion of Gaza". 31 October 2023.
- ^ "South Africa recalls diplomats from Israel over Gaza war". Al Jazeera. 7 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
- ^ "US shifts focus on Gaza to what follows an end to the war". www.ft.com.
- ^ "EU pushes for Palestinian statehood, rejecting Israeli leader's insistence it's off the table". AP News. 22 January 2024.
- ^ Gordon, Anna (17 January 2024). "New Polling Shows How Much Global Support Israel Has Lost". Time. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "Israel skips key ceasefire meeting with Hamas over unanswered hostage questions, official says". CBCA. The Associated Press. 3 March 2024. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
- ^ "Qatar re-evaluates key mediator role in Middle East conflict on concerns of 'political exploitation'". CNBC. 18 April 2024. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
- ^ "UN Security Council adopts resolution demanding immediate Gaza ceasefire". Al Jazeera. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Security Council passes resolution demanding 'an immediate ceasefire' during Ramadan". news.un.org. United Nations. 25 March 2024. Archived from the original on 8 July 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ Chen, Laurie; Al-Mulgrabi, Nidal (23 July 2024). "Palestinian Factions Agree to Form Unity Government after Talks in China". Reuters. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ "Proceedings instituted by South Africa against the State of Israel on 29 December 2023" (PDF). International Court of Justice. 29 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "Israeli parliament bill criminalises 'consumption of terrorist materials'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2023. Civil rights groups criticized the bill, stating it "invades the realm of personal thoughts and beliefs."
- ^ Netanyahu, Benjamin (25 December 2023). "Benjamin Netanyahu: Our Three Prerequisites for Peace". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660.
- ^ "What Israelis Think of the War With Hamas". Time. 10 November 2023. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
- ^ Silver, Laura; Smerkovich, Maria (30 May 2024). "Israeli Views of the Israel-Hamas War". Pew Research Center. Archived from the original on 16 August 2024. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
- ^ "As death toll mounts in Gaza, veterans of past negotiations weigh in on possibilities for peace". NBC News. 31 December 2023.
- ^ "Mahmoud Abbas: Palestinians have right to defend themselves against 'terror'". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ "'We reject the forced displacement' in Gaza: Abbas tells Blinken in Jordan". Al Jazeera. 13 October 2023.
- ^ "President Abbas says Hamas' actions do not represent Palestinians". Reuters. 16 October 2023. Event occurs at 12:06 am GMT+3.
- ^ a b c Busari, Stephanie; Ebrahim, Nadeen; Al Lawati, Abbas (19 January 2024). "Israel's war in Gaza has exposed a deepening global divide". CNN. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
Beyond the courtroom drama, experts say divisions over the war in Gaza symbolize a widening gap between Israel and its traditional Western allies, notably the United States and Europe, and a group of nations known as the Global South — countries located primarily in the southern hemisphere, often characterized by lower income levels and developing economies... Israel sided with the West against Soviet-backed Arab regimes during the Cold War, and Western countries largely view it "as a fellow member of the liberal democratic club", he added. "Some of this explains the continued strong Western support for Israel – which has now largely become reflexive."
- ^ "Biden condemns Hamas actions, says US is sending Israel military aid". NBC News. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ a b Chuter, Andrew (13 October 2023). "Britain sends spy planes, ships to Mediterranean amid Israel-Hamas war". Defense News. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
- ^ Radice, Orlando (9 October 2023). "Girls 'raped next to their dead friends' at rave massacre". The Jewish Chronicle. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ Waldo, Cleary; Epstein, Gabriel; Hilbush, Sydney (11 October 2023). "International Reactions to the Hamas Attack on Israel". The Washington Institute. PolicyWatch 3793. Archived from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Phillips, Tom (1 November 2023). "South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ Stuenkel, Oliver (2 November 2023). "Why the Global South Is Accusing America of Hypocrisy". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ Philips, Tom (31 October 2023). "South American countries recall ambassadors and cut ties with Israel over war with Hamas". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
- ^ "Germany stands firmly alongside Israel". Bundesregierung. 22 December 2023. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
The Federal Government is also supporting Israel by providing military and medical equipment.
- ^ "The US will send a carrier strike group to the Eastern Mediterranean in support of Israel". Associated Press. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ "2023 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Israel, West Bank and Gaza". US Department of State. 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2024.
- ^ Mazui, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Mateus (8 October 2023). "Governo prepara seis aviões para resgatar brasileiros na zona de conflito entre Israel e Hamas" [Government prepares six planes to rescue Brazilians in the conflict zone between Israel and Hamas]. G1 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Live: More than 600 Israelis killed, more than 100 held 'prisoner' in war with Hamas". France 24. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "Romania, Hungary Evacuate Citizens From Israel By Air". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
- ^ Hurst, Daniel (11 October 2023). "Qantas to help repatriate Australians from Israel starting Friday". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ "Israel-Palestine: death toll rises sharply, as African nationals evacuated". Africanews. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Seddon, Sean (12 October 2023). "UK arranges flights for Britons stranded in Israel". BBC News.
- ^ "Nepal: First batch of 254 students, stranded amid Israel-Hamas war, land in Kathmandu". The Economic Times. 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ Bose, Saikat Kumar (12 October 2023). "Operation Ajay: First Flight To Evacuate Indians From Israel Tonight". NDTV.
- ^ Fornusek, Martin (20 October 2023). "Update: Ukrainian woman killed in Gaza, 18 citizens confirmed killed in Israel". The Kyiv Independent.
- ^ Byman, Alexander; Palmer, Daniel (7 October 2023). "What You Need to Know About the Israel-Hamas Violence". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ "IISS experts assess the Hamas–Israel war and its international implications". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ Beaumont, Peter (7 October 2023). "Hamas's stealth attack will be remembered as Israeli intelligence failure for the ages". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- ^ Limor, Yoav (7 October 2023). "Israel's failure of imagination on Hamas" Archived 8 October 2023 at the Wayback Machine. Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Frank Gardner (7 October 2023). "How did Israeli intelligence fail to stop major attack from Gaza?". BBC. Archived from the original on 7 October 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ "US officials raise concerns over Israeli intelligence after Hamas attacks". CNN. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Ravid, Barak (12 October 2023). "Israel had intel on Hamas activity but didn't put Gaza border on high alert". Axios. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
- ^ Gotkine, Elliott (11 October 2023). "Israel's history suggests the clock is ticking for Netanyahu after Hamas attack failures". CNN. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Aronson, Cole S. (8 October 2023). "Bibi's Big Chance". Politico. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Beauchamp, Zack (9 October 2023). "Benjamin Netanyahu failed Israel". Vox. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Schneider, Tal (8 October 2023). "For years, Netanyahu propped up Hamas. Now it's blown up in our faces". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Tisdall, Simon (9 October 2023). "In the midst of war, Benjamin Netanyahu is a liability who can only make things worse. He must go". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Most Israelis think Netanyahu responsible for failing to prevent Hamas attack, poll shows". Reuters. 20 October 2023.
- ^ "Saudi-Israeli normalization effort takes a violent detour after Hamas attack". The Times of Israel. 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Kluth, Andreas (8 October 2023). "Hamas Just Torched Biden's Deal to Remake the Middle East". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023.
- ^ Wrobel, Sharon (9 November 2023). "War is costing economy some $600m a week due to work absence — Bank of Israel". The Times of Israel.
- ^ "Israel's economy shrank at 20% rate after outbreak of war". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ a b Zomer, Navit (25 December 2023). "Israeli high-tech factories have difficulties importing components from China". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
The Chinese are imposing a kind of sanction on us. They don't officially declare it, but they are delaying shipments to Israel," a senior figure in one of the factories told Ynet. "They have various excuses and pretexts, such as requiring suppliers from China to obtain export licenses to Israel that did not exist before. Additionally, they demand that we fill out numerous forms, causing significant delays. This has never happened to us before.
- ^ "Hebrew Newspaper: China imposes sanctions on "Israel" against the backdrop of the war in Gaza". Al-Quds. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
- ^ "China delays shipments to Israel amid Gaza genocide; over 20,000 Palestinians killed so far". Free Press Kashmir. 25 December 2023. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
Chinese actions are seen as a de facto sanction, as shipments are delayed under various pretexts, such as new export licenses and extensive paperwork demands, impacting the timely production of electronic products.
- ^ "Indian port workers refuse to handle Israel weapon shipments". The Independent. 19 February 2024. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "Indian firm refuses orders for Israeli army uniforms over civilian killings in Gaza". The Independent. 29 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
- ^ "Official: Over 17,000 foreign workers left Israel since 7 October – Middle East Monitor".
- ^ Lakhani, Nina (6 June 2024). "Revealed: repairing Israel's destruction of Gaza will come at huge climate cost". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
The carbon cost of rebuilding Gaza will be greater than the annual greenhouse gas emissions generated individually by 135 countries, exacerbating the global climate emergency on top of the unprecedented death toll, new research reveals. Reconstructing the estimated 200,000 apartment buildings, schools, universities, hospitals, mosques, bakeries, water and sewage plants damaged and destroyed by Israel in the first four months of the war on Gaza will generate as much as 60m tonnes of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), according to new analysis by researchers in the UK and US. This is on a par with the total 2022 emissions generated by countries such as Portugal and Sweden – and more than twice the annual emissions of Afghanistan.
- ^ "Hundreds of journalists sign letter protesting coverage of Israel". The Washington Post. 9 November 2023.
- ^ Tani, Max (16 November 2023). "LA Times blocks reporters who signed open letter criticizing Israel from covering Gaza". Semafor. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ "Live updates: Israel-Hamas war, Gaza evacuations, Al-Shifa Hospital". CNN. 13 November 2023.
- ^ a b c Price, Mikayla (14 December 2023). "Chicago journalists hold vigil for colleagues killed in Gaza and Israel". CBS. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ a b "RSF files complaint with ICC for war crimes against journalists in Palestine and Israel". rsf.org. 1 November 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
- ^ a b Narea, Nicole (8 December 2023). "Israel's wartime assault on the free press". Vox.com. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
- ^ McGreal, Chris (21 December 2023). "Israeli military accused of targeting journalists and their families in Gaza". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ Zedeck, Nicole (10 October 2023). "'It smells of death here': Surveying the scenes of atrocities in Kfar Aza". I24news. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Tuquero, Loreben (13 October 2023). "Reports of 260 Israeli music fest deaths aren't unsubstantiated". PolitiFact. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Williams, Holly; Lyall, Erin (11 October 2023). "Israel kibbutz the scene of a Hamas "massacre", first responders say: "The depravity of it is haunting"". CBS News. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ Norman, Greg (12 October 2023). "Israeli PM's office releases graphic photos purporting to show Hamas 'murdered and burned' babies". Fox News. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ a b Tenbarge, Kat; Chan, Melissa (12 October 2023). "Unverified reports of '40 babies beheaded' in Israel-Hamas war inflame social media". NBC News. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Hamas Committed Documented Atrocities. But a Few False Stories Feed the Deniers". Haaretz. 4 December 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
- ^ Chance, Matthew; Greene, Richard Allen; Berlinger, Joshua (12 October 2023). "Israeli official says government cannot confirm babies were beheaded in Hamas attack". CNN. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Meta: Systemic Censorship of Palestine Content". Human Rights Watch. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 January 2024.
- ^ Zilber, Neri; England, Andrew (5 May 2024). "Israel votes to shut down Al Jazeera in the country". Financial Times.
- ^ Wong, Vicky (5 May 2024). "Al Jazeera office raided as Israel takes channel off air". BBC News.