AWTF-80 SC

AWTF-80 SC
AWTF-80 SC
	Automatic Transmission HP 6HP 26 cutaway
Overview
Manufacturer	Aisin Seiki
Production	2005 – 2019
Model years	2005 – 2019
Body and chassis
Class	6-Speed Transverse Automatic Transmission
Related	Ford 6R; GM 6L; ZF 6HP
Chronology
Successor	AWF8F35 Transmission

The Aisin AW TF-8# SC series is a 6-speed automatic transmission designed for use in transverse engine applications produced by Aisin Seiki. It is built in Anjō, Japan,^[1] and is also called TF-80SC^[2] (AWF21), AF40-6, AM6,^[3] AW6A-EL and TF-81SC (AF21).^[4] All-wheel drive transfer cases can be fitted to the AWTF-80 SC.

Gear Ratios^[a]
Gear Model	R	1	2	3	4	5	6	Total Span	Span Center	Avg. Step	Compo- nents

Aisin AWTF-80 2005	−3.394	4.148	2.370	1.556	1.155	0.859	0.686	6.049	1.687	1.433	3 Gearsets 2 Brakes 3 Clutches

ZF 6HP All · 2000^[b]	−3.403	4.171	2.340	1.521	1.143	0.867	0.691	6.035	1.698	1.433

^ Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage
^ for comparison purposes only

Specifications

Basic concept

A conventional 5-pinion planetary gearset and a compound Ravigneaux gearset is combined in a Lepelletier gear mechanism,^[5] to reduce both the size and weight. It was first realized in 2000 with the 6HP from ZF Friedrichshafen. Like all transmissions realized with Lepelletier transmissions, the AWTF-80 SC also dispenses with the use of the direct gear ratio, making it one of the very few automatic transmission concepts without such a ratio.

It also has the capability to achieve torque converter lock-up on all six forward gears, and disengage it completely when at a standstill, significantly closing the fuel efficiency gap between automatic and manual transmissions.

Gearbox control

To reduce external wiring as well as to provide a constant environment for the transmission control module (TCM), it is located inside the transmission housing. Gear shifting is managed by a computer program that oversees a clutch-to-clutch actuation that allows one clutch engage the instant the clutch from the previous gear disengages. When idling and with the foot brake depressed neutral gear is selected automatically. This helps to reduce internal temperatures and improve the fuel economy.^{[citation needed]}

Features
Maximum shift speed	7,000/min	6,500/min
Maximum torque	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft)	400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft)
Torque converter diameter	260 mm (10.2 in)
Length	358 mm (14.1 in)
Weight	90 kg (198 lb)

Gear Ratios
With Assessment^[a]^[b]		Planetary Gearset: Teeth^[c] Lepelletier Gear Mechanism			Count	Total^[d] Center^[e]	Avg.^[f]
With Assessment^[a]^[b]		Simple	Ravigneaux		Count	Total^[d] Center^[e]	Avg.^[f]

Model	Version First Delivery	S₁^[g] R₁^[h]	S₂^[i] R₂^[j]	S₃^[k] R₃^[l]	Brakes Clutches	Ratio Span	Gear Step^[m]
Gear Ratio	R ${i_{R}}$	1 ${i_{1}}$	2 ${i_{2}}$	3 ${i_{3}}$	4 ${i_{4}}$	5 ${i_{5}}$	6 ${i_{6}}$
Step^[m]	$-{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}$ ^[n]	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$ ^[o]	${\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}$
Δ Step^[p]^[q]			${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}$
Shaft Speed	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}$
Δ Shaft Speed^[r]	$0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}$	${\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}$

Aisin AWTF-80 SC	450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft) 2005^[6]	50 90	36 44	44 96	2 3	6.0494 1.6865	1.4333^[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.3939^[n] $-{\tfrac {112}{33}}$	4.1481 ${\tfrac {112}{27}}$	2.3704^[o] ${\tfrac {64}{27}}$	1.5556 ${\tfrac {14}{9}}$	1.1546^[q] ${\tfrac {112}{97}}$	0.8593 ${\tfrac {336}{391}}$	0.6857^[r] ${\tfrac {24}{35}}$
Step	0.8182^[n]	1.0000	1.7500^[o]	1.5238	1.3472	1.3436	1.2532
Δ Step^[p]			1.1484	1.1311	1.0027^[q]	1.0722
Speed	-1.2222	1.0000	1.7500	2.6667	3.5926	4.8272	6.0494
Δ Speed	1.2222	1.0000	0.7500	0.9167	0.9259	1.2346	1.2222^[r]

ZF 6HP	All^[b] · 2000^[s]	37 71	31 38	38 85	2 3	6.0354 1.6977	1.4327^[m]
Gear Ratio	−3.4025^[n] $-{\tfrac {4,590}{1,349}}$	4.1708 ${\tfrac {9,180}{2,201}}$	2.3397^[o] ${\tfrac {211,140}{90,241}}$	1.5211 ${\tfrac {108}{71}}$	1.1428^[q]^[r] ${\tfrac {9,180}{8,033}}$	0.8672 ${\tfrac {4,590}{5,293}}$	0.6911 ${\tfrac {85}{123}}$
Step	0.8158^[n]	1.0000	1.7826^[o]	1.5382	1.3311	1.3178	1.2549
Δ Step^[p]			1.1589	1.1559	1.0101^[q]	1.0502
Speed	-1.2258	1.0000	1.7826	2.7419	3.6497	4.8096	6.0354
Δ Speed	1.2258	1.0000	0.7826	0.9593	0.9078^[r]	1.1599	1.2258

Ratio R & Even	$-{\tfrac {R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})}{R_{1}S_{3}}}$	${\tfrac {R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{2}+R_{2})}{R_{1}S_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})}}$		${\tfrac {R_{2}R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})}{R_{2}R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})-S_{1}S_{2}S_{3}}}$		${\tfrac {R_{3}}{S_{3}+R_{3}}}$
Ratio Odd	${\tfrac {R_{2}R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})}{R_{1}S_{2}S_{3}}}$		${\tfrac {S_{1}+R_{1}}{R_{1}}}$		${\tfrac {R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})}{R_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1})+S_{1}S_{3}}}$
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A^[t]		❶	❶	❶	❶
Brake B^[u]	❶			❶		❶
Clutch C^[v]			❶				❶
Clutch D^[w]	❶	❶
Clutch E^[x]					❶	❶	❶

^ The AWTF80 SC-transmission is based on the Lepelletier gear mechanism, first realized in the ZF 6HP gearbox ^ ^a ^b Other gearboxes using the Lepelletier gear mechanism see infobox ^ Layout Input and output are on opposite sides Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side Input shafts are R₁ and, if actuated, C₂/C₃ (the combined carrier of the compound Ravigneaux gearset 2 and 3) Output shaft is R₃ (ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset) ^ Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio) ${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$ A wider span enables the downspeeding when driving outside the city limits increase the climbing ability when driving over mountain passes or off-road or when towing a trailer ^ Ratio Span's Center $(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$ The center indicates the speed level of the transmission Together with the final drive ratio it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle ^ Average Gear Step $({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$ With decreasing step width the gears connect better to each other shifting comfort increases ^ Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1 ^ Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1 ^ Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset ^ Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset ^ Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset ^ Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Standard 50:50 — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step — With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step) and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first two) is always larger and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last three) is always smaller than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right) lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold) upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Standard R:1 — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio — The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear no impairment when maneuvering especially when towing a trailer a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red) Above this is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Standard 1:2 — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible — With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step) the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which for a good speed connection and a smooth gear shift must be as small as possible A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red) Above is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c From large to small gears (from right to left) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Standard STEP — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps — Gear steps should increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1 As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red) Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold) ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Standard SPEED — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference — Shaft speed differences should increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one One difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red) Two consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold) ^ First gearbox on the market to use the Lepelletier gear mechanism for comparison purposes only ^ Blocks R₂ and S₃ ^ Blocks C₂ (carrier 2) and C₃ (carrier 3) ^ Couples C₁ (carrier 1) and S₂ ^ Couples C₁ (carrier 1) with R₂ and S₃ ^ Couples R₁ with C₂ (carrier 2) and C₃ (carrier 3)

Applications

Applications
Make	Period	Model

BMW Group
BMW	2014–2020	i8
	2015–present	225xe Active Tourer (F45)
	2020–present	X1 xDrive 25e (F48)
	2020–present	X2 xDrive 25e (F39)
Mini	2014–2017	Cooper (F56/55)
	2015–2017	Clubman (F54)^[a]
	2016–2017	Countryman (F60)^[b]
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles^[c]
Alfa Romeo	2005–2011	159^[d]
	2005–2010	Brera^[e]
	2006–2010	Spider^[f]
Fiat	2005–2011	Croma^[g]
Fiat	2012–2019	500
Lancia	2008–2014	Delta^[h]
Ford Motor Company
Ford	2005–2007	Five Hundred
	2006–2012	Ford Fusion (US)^[i]
	2007–2014	Mondeo MkIV^[j]
	2006–2014	Galaxy^[k]
Lincoln	2006	Zephyr
Lincoln	2007–2012	MKZ
Mercury	2005–2010	Milan^[8]
Mercury	2005–2007	Montego^[8]
General Motors
Cadillac	2005–2010	BLS^[l]
Cadillac	2009–2016	SRX II^[m]
Chevrolet	2008–2016	Cruze^[n]
Opel Vauxhall		Astra
		Vectra
		Signum
		Zafira
	2008–2017	Insignia
	2014–2017	Meriva
Saab	2006–2014	9-3 II (FWD & AWD)^[o]
	2013–2014	9-3 III
	2010–2012	9-5 II

Hyundai	2006–2014	Veracruz^[7]
Jaguar Land Rover
Jaguar	2007–2009	X-Type^[p]
Land Rover	2006–2014	Freelander 2
Land Rover	2011–2013	Evoque
Luxgen
	2013–2015	S5 2.0 T
	2015-2019	S5 ecohyper^[q]
	2019–Present	S5 GT (GT 225) · 1.8 T
	2014–2015	U6^[r]
	2015–2018	U6 ecohyper^[s]
	2018–Present	Luxgen U6 GT (GT 220) 1.8 T
	2016–Present	Luxgen M7 ecohyper 2.2 T
	2016–Present	Luxgen U7 ecohyper 2.2 T
	2019–Present	URX 1.8 T
Mahindra & Mahindra
	2015–present	XUV&nbsp500
Mazda
	2005–2008	6 I
	2006–2012	CX-7
	2006–present	CX-9
	2006–present	MPV III
	2007–2012	6 II
PSA Group
Citroën ^[t]		C4
		C5
		C6
		DS3
		DS4
		DS5
	2010–2016	Jumpy
		C-Elysée
Peugeot ^[u]	2006–2008	307
	2014–2018	308
	2005–2010	407
	2010–present	408 (Saloon)
	2011–2018	508
	2005–2010	607
	2008–	3008
	2009–	5008
	2010–2016	Expert
Renault
	2005–2009	Vel Satis
	2006–2010	Espace
Suzuki
	2014–present	Vitara (FWD & AWD)
	2015–present	Baleno
	2017–present	Swift
	2017–present	SX4 S-Cross
Toyota Group & Lotus
Toyota ^[v]	2006–2008	Previa (V6)
	2007–2018	Camry
	2007–2017	Aurion (V6)
	2007–2012	Blade (V6)
	2007–2013	Mark X Zio (V6)
	2008–2016	Highlander
	2008–2017	Alphard (V6)
	2008–2018	Avalon
	2008–2018	RAV4
	2009–2017	Venza
	2011–2016	Sienna
	2017	ProAce
Lexus	2007–2018	ES350
	2010–present	RX^[w]
	2015–present	NX200t^[x]
Lotus	2012	Evora (IPS)
Lotus	2022–	Emira (V6)
Scion	2011–2016	tC
Volkswagen Group
Audi	2003–2013	A3
Audi	2015–2018	Q3
Škoda		Octavia
Škoda		Rapid^[y]
VW	2003–2010	Transporter
	2007	Jetta
	2009–2017	Tiguan
	2012–present	Passat
	2019–present	Polo (MK5) (India)
Volvo
	2005–2014	XC90^[8]^[10]^[11]^[12] (FWD & AWD)^[z]
	2006–2009	S60^[10] (FWD & AWD)^[aa]
	2006–2008	Volvo V70 II (FWD & AWD)^[ab]
	2006–2008	XC70 (AWD)
	2007–2016	S80 II^[11]^[14] (FWD & AWD)^[ac]
	2008–2016	V70 III^[15] (FWD & AWD)^[ad]
	2008–2016	XC70 II^[11] (FWD & AWD)^[ae]
	2009–2017	XC60^[11] (FWD & AWD)^[af]
	2011–2018^[11]	S60 II (FWD & AWD)^[ag]
	2016–2017	S90 (FWD)^[ah]
	2016–2018	V90 (FWD)^[ai]
	2011–2018	V60 (FWD & AWD)^[aj]
	2011–2012	S40 II (FWD)^[ak]
	2011–2012	V50^[16] (FWD)^[al]
	2011–2013	C30 (FWD)^[am]
	2011–2013	C70 II (FWD)
	2012–2014	V40 II (FWD)^[an]

^ with 3 cylinder engines (B37 · B38) ^ with 3 cylinder engines (B37 & B38 FWD) ^ Predecessor of Stellantis ^ 1.9 JTDm · 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7] ^ 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7] ^ 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7] ^ 1.9 JTDm · 2.4 JTDm ^ 1.8 DI Turbo ^ 3.5 L V6^[8] ^ 2.3 118 kW (160 PS) Petrol · 2.0 TDCi Diesel ^ 2.3 118 kW (160 PS) Petrol (as standard gearbox) ^ 1.9 D · 1.9 D (TST) ^ 2.8 L ^ US market · 2.0 L Turbo Diesel^[1] ^ 1.9 TiD · 1.9 TTiD · Aero 2.8 L ^ 2.2 d ^ 1.8 T · 2.0 T ^ 2.0 T^[9] ^ 1.8 T · 2.0 T ^ 1.6 THP · 2.0 HDİ ^ 1.6 THP · 2.0 HDİ ^ as Toyota U6xx · Toyota U760e ^ 350 older models · 200t/300 new models ^ 300 2018–present ^ India, 2019 improvement ^ D5 & D5 AWD · 3.2 · T6 & V8 AWD^[13] ^ 2.4 D · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T & R AWD^[8] (2006–2008) ^ 2.4 D · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T & R AWD (2006–2007) ^ D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 · T6 & V8 AWD ^ D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 & T6 AWD^[15] ^ D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 & T6 AWD^[15] ^ D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD ^ D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD ^ D3 ^ D3 ^ D3 · D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD ^ D3 · D4 ^ D3 · D4 ^ D3 · D4 ^ D3 · D4

References

^ ^a ^b "GM Engine Original Equipment Manufacturer | GM Powertrain" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
^ "Volvo Car Bookstore". Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Riley, Mike (1 September 2013). "Lepelletier Planetary System". Transmission Digest. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
^ Kasuya, Satoru; Taniguchi, Takao; Tsukamoto, Kazumasa; Hayabuchi, Masahiro; Nishida, Masaaki; Suzuki, Akitomo; Niki, Hiroshi (2005). "AISIN AW New High Torque Capacity Six-Speed Automatic Transmission for FWD vehicles". SAE Transactions. 114: 1193–1201. ISSN 0096-736X. JSTOR 44725152. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Replacement Aisin Warner TCC Linear Solenoid with Black Connector". Rostra Powertrain Controls. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "LUXGEN U6 VIETNAM". luxgen-motor.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:RTJ21096-2009-06-10". www.volvotechinfo.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:TJ26840-2014-11-06". Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
^ "Kraftstoffbetriebene Heizung, D5244T, TF-80SC" [Fuel powered heater, D5244T, TF-80SC] (Accessory installation instructions) (in English and German). Volvo Car Customer Service. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ "437: Transmission control module (TCM), TF-80SC AWD" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 23 December 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ Volvo Car Corporation (2008). "Models - S80 - Technical Data - Volvo Car UK Media Newsroom". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:RTJ20857-2009-04-15". www.volvotechinfo.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 15 April 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.
^ "Volvo V50 Betriebsanleitung (MY12)" [Volvo V50 owner's manual (MY12)] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2011. p. 312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

External links

Block Reference (SimDriveline Version 1)
AISIN AW CO., LTD./For FWD Vehicle AT
Alto Products Corp.
Driving innovation Wayback Machine

[5] Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage

[6] r comparison purposes only

[8] The AWTF80 SC-transmission is based on the Lepelletier gear mechanism, first realized in the ZF 6HP gearbox

[other-9] Other gearboxes using the Lepelletier gear mechanism see infobox

[10] Layout
Input and output are on opposite sides

Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side

Input shafts are R₁ and, if actuated, C₂/C₃ (the combined carrier of the compound Ravigneaux gearset 2 and 3)

Output shaft is R₃ (ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset)

[6] Input and output are on opposite sides

[7] Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side

[8] Input shafts are R₁ and, if actuated, C₂/C₃ (the combined carrier of the compound Ravigneaux gearset 2 and 3)

[9] Output shaft is R₃ (ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset)

[11] Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$

A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits

increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[11] ${\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}$

[12] A wider span enables the
downspeeding when driving outside the city limits

increase the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[13] wnspeeding when driving outside the city limits

[14] rease the climbing ability
when driving over mountain passes or off-road

or when towing a trailer

[15] when driving over mountain passes or off-road

[16] r when towing a trailer

[12] Ratio Span's Center
$(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$

The center indicates the speed level of the transmission

Together with the final drive ratio

it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle

[18] $(i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}$

[19] The center indicates the speed level of the transmission

[20] Together with the final drive ratio

[21] t gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle

[13] Average Gear Step
$({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$

With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other

shifting comfort increases

[23] $({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}$

[24] With decreasing step width
the gears connect better to each other

shifting comfort increases

[25] the gears connect better to each other

[26] shifting comfort increases

[14] Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1

[15] Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1

[16] Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset

[17] Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2: inner Ravigneaux gearset

[18] Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset

[19] Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3: outer Ravigneaux gearset

[50:50-20] Standard 50:50
— 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)

and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first two) is always larger

and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last three) is always smaller

than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)

lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)

upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)

[34] With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)

[35] rticularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first two) is always larger

and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last three) is always smaller

[36] the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first two) is always larger

[37] the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last three) is always smaller

[38] than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)

[39] wer half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)

[40] upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)

[R:1-21] Standard R:1
— Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering

especially when towing a trailer

a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good

Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)

Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[42] The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
no impairment when maneuvering

especially when towing a trailer

a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

[43] rment when maneuvering

[44] specially when towing a trailer

[45] torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency

[46] Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good

[47] Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)

[48] Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)

[1:2-22] Standard 1:2
— Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step)

the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and

a smooth gear shift

must be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[50] With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step)

[51] the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
for a good speed connection and

a smooth gear shift

[52] r a good speed connection and

[53] smooth gear shift

[54] ust be as small as possible
A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[55] A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good

[56] Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)

[57] Above is unsatisfactory (bold)

[LS-23] From large to small gears (from right to left)

[step-24] Standard STEP
— From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)

Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)

[60] Gear steps should
increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

[61] increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1

[62] As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step

[63] Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)

[64] Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)

[speed-25] Standard SPEED
— From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

One difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)

Two consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)

[66] Shaft speed differences should
increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

[67] increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one

[68] One difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)

[69] Two consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)

[27] First gearbox on the market to use the Lepelletier gear mechanism
for comparison purposes only

[28] Blocks R₂ and S₃

[29] Blocks C₂ (carrier 2) and C₃ (carrier 3)

[30] Couples C₁ (carrier 1) and S₂

[31] Couples C₁ (carrier 1) with R₂ and S₃

[32] Couples R₁ with C₂ (carrier 2) and C₃ (carrier 3)

[33] with 3 cylinder engines (B37 · B38)

[34] with 3 cylinder engines (B37 & B38 FWD)

[35] Predecessor of Stellantis

[37] 1.9 JTDm · 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7]

[38] 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7]

[39] 2.4 JTDm · 3.2 JTS^[7]

[40] 1.9 JTDm · 2.4 JTDm

[41] 1.8 DI Turbo

[43] 3.5 L V6^[8]

[44] 2.3 118 kW (160 PS) Petrol · 2.0 TDCi Diesel

[45] 2.3 118 kW (160 PS) Petrol (as standard gearbox)

[46] 1.9 D · 1.9 D (TST)

[47] 2.8 L

[48] US market · 2.0 L Turbo Diesel^[1]

[49] 1.9 TiD · 1.9 TTiD · Aero 2.8 L

[50] 2.2 d

[51] 1.8 T · 2.0 T

[53] 2.0 T^[9]

[54] 1.8 T · 2.0 T

[55] 1.6 THP · 2.0 HDİ

[56] 1.6 THP · 2.0 HDİ

[57] s Toyota U6xx · Toyota U760e

[58] 350 older models · 200t/300 new models

[59] 300 2018–present

[60] India, 2019 improvement

[65] D5 & D5 AWD · 3.2 · T6 & V8 AWD^[13]

[66] 2.4 D · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T & R AWD^[8] (2006–2008)

[67] 2.4 D · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T & R AWD (2006–2007)

[69] D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 · T6 & V8 AWD

[71] D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 & T6 AWD^[15]

[72] D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · 2.5 T · 2.5 FT · 3.2 & T6 AWD^[15]

[73] D4 AWD · D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD

[74] D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD

[75] D3

[76] D3

[77] D3 · D5 & D5 AWD · T6 AWD

[78] D3 · D4

[80] D3 · D4

[81] D3 · D4

[82] D3 · D4

[anjocity-1] "GM Engine Original Equipment Manufacturer | GM Powertrain" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.

[2] "Volvo Car Bookstore". Archived from the original on 26 March 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

[3] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[gearboxnames-4] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[7] Riley, Mike (1 September 2013). "Lepelletier Planetary System". Transmission Digest. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 3 March 2023.

[26] Kasuya, Satoru; Taniguchi, Takao; Tsukamoto, Kazumasa; Hayabuchi, Masahiro; Nishida, Masaaki; Suzuki, Akitomo; Niki, Hiroshi (2005). "AISIN AW New High Torque Capacity Six-Speed Automatic Transmission for FWD vehicles". SAE Transactions. 114: 1193–1201. ISSN 0096-736X. JSTOR 44725152. Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.

[massivelist-36] "Replacement Aisin Warner TCC Linear Solenoid with Black Connector". Rostra Powertrain Controls. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

[fordtrans-42] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[52] "LUXGEN U6 VIETNAM". luxgen-motor.vn (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original on 11 August 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

[VTI3-61] "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:RTJ21096-2009-06-10". www.volvotechinfo.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2017.

[VTI1-62] "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:TJ26840-2014-11-06". Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)

[63] "Kraftstoffbetriebene Heizung, D5244T, TF-80SC" [Fuel powered heater, D5244T, TF-80SC] (Accessory installation instructions) (in English and German). Volvo Car Customer Service. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

[64] "437: Transmission control module (TCM), TF-80SC AWD" (PDF). Volvo Car Corporation. 23 December 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

[68] Volvo Car Corporation (2008). "Models - S80 - Technical Data - Volvo Car UK Media Newsroom". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2015.

[VTI2-70] "Volvo Car USA, LLC. Bookstore:RTJ20857-2009-04-15". www.volvotechinfo.com. Volvo Cars of North America. 15 April 2009. Archived from the original on 25 February 2018. Retrieved 25 February 2018.

[2012V50DEpage312-79] "Volvo V50 Betriebsanleitung (MY12)" [Volvo V50 owner's manual (MY12)] (PDF) (in German). Volvo Car Corporation. 2011. p. 312. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

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