Abbie Conant is an American trombonist and former professor at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik, Trossingen.[3] She was selected in a blind audition as the overwhelming first choice for Principal Trombonist of the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra in 1980,[4] but was subject to sexist discrimination once the selection committee learned they had chosen a woman.[5][6]
Abbie Conant | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | March 14, 1955[1] |
| Genres | Classical |
| Occupations |
|
| Instrument | Trombone |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Website | osborne-conant |
Early life and education
editConant was raised in New Mexico,[5] and attended the University of New Mexico,[7] Temple University and Juilliard. Her teachers included Per Brevig, Branimir Slokar, and Christian Lindberg.[8][9][10]
Prior to college, Conant attended the Interlochen Arts Academy, where she earned a diploma in 1973.[6] In 1972, Conant performed with an Interlochen ensemble at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C.; the program included Glinka's Overture to Ruslan and Ludmilla, Bartok's 2nd Piano Concerto, Barber's Symphony No. 1, Vaughan Williams' Fantasia on a Theme of Thomas Tallis and Stravinsky's Firebird Suite.[11][12] Conant has drawn attention to the substantial rise in tuition fees needed to attend the Interlochen Arts Academy, which in 2024 stand at $76,500 a year for boarders compared to around $5000 in the late 1960s.[13]
Additionally, Conant acquired an art diploma from the Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln, studying with Branimir Slokov. She went to Italy through the "Spoleto Festival Dei due Mondi". Here she studied contemporary music with Vinko Globokar at L'Accademia Chigiana in Siena. Thereafter she became the first trombonist in the orchestra of the Royal Opera, Turin.
Conant became a professor of trombone at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik, Trossingen in 1992 and retired in February, 2023.
Chamber music theatre (The Wasteland Company)
edit
Conant is married to the composer William Osborne, with whom she produces "chamber music-theatre" under the name The Wasteland Company.[15] Some of these works involve feminist themes.[6]
As an example, their work Miriam is a staged, theatrical work for trombone, soprano, spoken word, pantomime, and computer-controlled piano, which reacts to Conant's experience with the Munich Philharmonic. The company have produced 12 major works and published their scores openly on their website:
- Alice Through the Looking Glass, for chamber orchestra and singers (1983)
- Words and Music, for actor, baritone and piano (premiered Frankfurt 1985)
- Hamm, for acting violinist (premiered Munich 1982)
- Ohio Impromptu, for tenor, actor and piano (premiered Munich 1986)
- Lenore, for acting trombonist (premiered Munich 1983)
- Samuel Beckett's Act Without Words, for pantomiming instrumentalist and piano (premiered Staatstheater Ingolstadt 1986)
- Rockaby, for singing actress and tape of voice, four trombones and piano (premiered Staatstheater Kassel 1986)
- Winnie, for performance-artist-soprano, with optional instrumental part, and piano (premiered Rome 1984)
- Miriam, a three-part music theatre work for performance artist and piano
- Part 1: The Mirror (premiered Stuttgart 1988)
- Part 2: The Chair (premiered Gasteig Kultur Zentrum, Munich 1990)
- Part 3: The River (premiered Munich 1990)
- Street Scene For the Last Mad Soprano, for soprano with computer generated quadraphonic tape (premiered K-9 Theatre, Constance, 1996)
- Cybeline, a multimedia music theater work for trombonist/performance artist (premiere REDCAT Theatre Disney Hall, Los Angeles, 2004)
- Aletheia, for singer/instrumentalist, computer controlled piano and quadraphonic electronics (premiere University of the Redlands, California, 2007)
Munich Philharmonic
editAudition
editConant's auditions were blind, with musicians and the selection committee separated by a screen. This was a novel practice at the time, and was due to the fact that one of the other 32 auditioning trombonists was the son of a prominent musician. Following Conant's audition on June 19, 1980, the orchestra's then Guest Conductor Sergiu Celibidache exclaimed "That's who we want!"[4]
After they made their selection, the selection committee were shocked to discover their winner, whom they had mistakenly addressed in correspondence as "Herr Conant", was a woman.[16][2] Celibidache continued to harass Conant, subtly and blatantly,[7][17] and had since been promoted to Music Director. In September 1982, Celibidache demoted her to second trombone and refused to give her solos, explaining that "we need a man for solo trombone".[4][18] The Munich Philharmonic stopped using blind auditions after Conant's success.
Legal trials
editIn 1982, Conant initiated legal proceedings against the City of Munich (the Philharmonic's owner) for discrimination[19][4][20] and regained the position of first trombone in 1984.[7]
The first court hearing took place on 17 August 1982, initiated by City of Munich lawyers. Despite this, no ruling could be made as no "specific or concrete criticism" of Conant in concert was produced.[21] The city lawyers also failed to provide the legally required written warnings.[21] A new trial date was set for 16 June 1983, for which city lawyers provided the following basis for demotion:
The plaintiff does not possess the necessary physical strength to be a leader of the trombone section; she is not in the position to clearly lead the trombone group. Apart from that, she lacks the required empathy to translate the artistic wishes of the General Music Director[22]
In response to this, Conant went for examinations at the Gautinger Lung Clinic.[16] There, she was made to
breathe inside a sealed cabin and have blood taken from her ear to see how efficiently her body absorbed oxygen. She had to blow through numerous machines to measure the capacity of her lungs, and the speed at which she could inhale and exhale air. She had to disrobe and let a doctor examine her rib cage and chest[17][23]
in order to assess, in the judge's words,
whether the Plaintiff--for an orchestra of the quality of the Munich Philharmonic --possesses unconditionally the necessary physical strength, endurance, and durability to play the most difficult passages according to conductors’ instructions for length, intensity, and loudness.[24]
Celibidache attended the second trial, but was not invited to give testimony due to lack of substantiated criticism.[25] The court ruled in favour of Conant on 29 March 1984, citing:
“The suit is permissible because the change in work assignments, due to the lack of a substantiated argument, is unjustified.”
“The accused has not justified their demotion with facts, but rather generalized value judgments.”
“Above and beyond that, they do not say when (date) the alleged mistakes happened. They also do not mention when the plaintiff was given a warning.”
“It is therefore not possible for the court to determine what the plaintiff did wrong, or determinable whether she took the alleged warnings to heart, or in other words, whether the mistakes were made again after the warning.”[26]
She then successfully sued the orchestra again for back pay when she discovered that, per Celibidache's orders,[7] she had been paid less than her male colleagues.[27]
Malcolm Gladwell said Conant's story was "my inspiration" for his bestseller, Blink, and it served as the book's concluding chapter.[28] Her story was also told in a 1994 full-length documentary film, Abbie Conant: Alone Among Men by Brenda Parkerson.[7]
Taos studio
editConant and her husband Wiliam Osborne own a studio space in Taos, New Mexico. There is a two-bedroom living space and performance space capacity to seat 60. In addition to their own works, the studio has hosted readings, presentations and concerts from local Taoseña women and fellows of the Wurlitzer Foundation.[29]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ammer, Christine (26 July 2016). Unsung: A History of Women in American Music. Amadeus Press. ISBN 9781483577005. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ a b Smart, Amy (17 September 2013). "Female trombonist fought battle against orchestra sexism". Times Colonist. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ "Hochschule für Musik Trossingen - Lehrende von A-Z". www.mh-trossingen.de. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ a b c d Gladwell, Malcolm (2007). Blink. Back Bay Books. ISBN 978-0316010665.
- ^ a b Adamo, Mark (1994-03-14). "THE TROMBONIST WHO LOCKED HORNS". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-12-31. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ a b c Ducharme, Jessica Ashley (2013-07-01). The Creative Identity of Women: an Analysis of Feminist Themes in Select Chamber Music Theater Works by Composer William Osborne for Trombonist Abbie Conant (Doctor of Musical Arts thesis). University of Iowa. doi:10.17077/etd.6xa5h2br. Archived from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ^ a b c d e Abbie Conant - A Solo Among Men (Documentary, 1994), 28 April 2017, archived from the original on 2021-05-21, retrieved 2020-02-14
- ^ "Biographies of William Osborne and Abbie Conant". www.osborne-conant.org. Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2020-05-11.
- ^ "Abbie Conant". www.lastrowmusic.com. 5 January 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-10-27. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ February 8, Karen Marston; Comment, 2018 One (2018-02-08). "Artist Spotlight: Abbie Conant". International Trombone Festival. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Abbie Conant". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ Interlochen Arts Academy, June 1972 at the Kennedy Centre, Washington DC https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NhVZEZaqZA&feature=share Archived 2024-04-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Abbie Conant". www.facebook.com. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ "Miriam, by William Osborne and Abbie Conant". www.osborne-conant.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-25. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ "Performance artist brings trombone truth of 'Aletheia' to MTSU March 16–17". Manchester Times. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
- ^ a b McMullen, Tracy (2006). "Corpo-Realities: Keepin' It Real in "Music and Embodiment" Scholarship". Current Musicology (82). doi:10.7916/cm.v0i82.5080. Archived from the original on 2024-04-30. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
- ^ a b "Abbie Conant in the Munich Philharmonic". www.osborne-conant.org. Archived from the original on 2013-04-06. Retrieved 2020-09-29.
- ^ Dowlin, Joan (2012-05-08). "ITF Paris 2012: Why Are No Women Invited as Soloists or Composers?". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 2017-09-20. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ "Trombonist Abbie Conant Has The Brass To Succeed". Seattle Times. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ Duff, Christina (March 7, 1997). "Female Musicians Fare Better When Heard But Not Seen". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ a b Final judgment, Conant vs. LH München, AGM Aktz: 2 Ca 7022/82, July 18, 1984.
- ^ Brief, Conant vs. LH München, AGM Aktz: 2 Ca 7022/82, February 3, 1983.
- ^ Medical report of the Zentralkrankenhauses Gauting of June 13, 1983 sent to the Arbeitsgericht München, Conant vs. LH München Aktz: 2 Ca 7022/82 Ziff. IV 1 Nr. 1 u. 2.
- ^ Judgment LH München vs. Conant, LAG Aktz: Sa 639/84, March 6, 1985.
- ^ Final judgment, Conant vs. LH München, AGM Aktz: 2 Ca. 7022/82, April 12, 1984.
- ^ Final judgement, Conant vs. LH München Aktz. Ca 2 7022/82, April 12, 1984.
- ^ Bennett II, James (19 July 2018). "A Trombonist Got a Job with the Munich Philharmonic. Then She Fought Them in Court for 13 Years". WQXR. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ Herman, Jan (3 April 2005). "Malcolm Gladwell Blinks at Abbie Conant". Arts Journal. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
- ^ "Taos Studio of William Osborne and Abbie Conant". osborne-conant.org. Archived from the original on 2021-04-25. Retrieved 2020-09-29.