Adam Leys or Leis was a Scottish goldsmith based in Edinburgh.[1] He worked for James V of Scotland and, in the 1530s, repaired and refashioned the Scottish crown jewels known as the Honours of Scotland.[2]
Works
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In 1530, Adam Leys made a silver chandelier or candleholder for Edinburgh's town council, probably for St Giles' Kirk.[4] He made a silver chalice for James V's almoner in August 1535.[5] On a larger scale, Leys worked on panels of royal heraldry and a "great image" of Saint Andrew to be carved and cast in lead for Holyrood Palace.[6] Leys added the arms of Mary of Guise beneath the saint for her Royal Entry to Edinburgh.[7]
James V employed Adam Leys to repair and augment the crown of Scotland in 1532 and 1536.[8] The treasurer's accounts mention that he added new "spryngis" in 1532. It is perhaps unclear which elements these were, but the record may refer to new Imperial-style arches.[9] The crown was comprehensively reworked again by John Mosman in January 1540, into the form it has today.[10]
Leys also worked on the Sword of Honour, a gift from Pope Julius II,[11] and the silver sceptre, a gift to James IV from Pope Alexander VI in 1494,[12] which he extended from around 53 to 86 cm and gilded.[13] He seems to have cast new elements moulded from the Italian originals.[14] These works to the Honours were probably in connection with ceremonies planned for James V's bride, Madeleine of Valois.[15] The royal accounts recorded these works in the Scots language as:
- Item, deliverit to the said James [Achesoun] to Adam Leis, goldsmyth, to mend the sword of honour, thre unce of Inglis grotis
- Item deliverit to Adam Leys, goldsmyth, xj unce and ane half of silver, attour the auld sceptour of silver weyand xv unce, to mak ane new sceptour of [silver]
- Item, for gold to gilt the samin [same].[16]
Leys made an engraved silver seal for David Beaton in 1539.[17]
References
edit- ^ Jean Munro & Henry Steuart Fotheringham, Edinburgh Goldsmith's Minutes (Edinburgh: SRS, 2006), p. 13.
- ^ Charles Burnett, 'Outward Signs of Majesty', Janet Hadley Williams, Stewart Style, 1513–1542 (Tuckwell, 1996), p. 292.
- ^ David H. Caldwell, George Dalgleish, Susy Kirk, Jim Tate, 'The Bute or Bannatyne Mazer', Anna Ritchie, Historic Bute: Land and people (Edinburgh, 2012), p. 82
- ^ James David Marwick, Extracts From the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh, 1528–1557 (Edinburgh, 1871), p. 25.
- ^ James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 248.
- ^ Charles J. Burnett, 'Outward Signs of Majesty', Janet Hadley Williams, Stewart Style, 1513-1542: Essays on the Court of James V (East Linton, Tuckwell, 1996), pp. 295–296, 302.
- ^ Henry Paton, Accounts of the Masters of Works, 1 (Edinburgh: HMSO, 1957), pp. 194, 224.
- ^ Papers Relative to the Regalia of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1829), p. 30: Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), p. 73.
- ^ Andrea Thomas, 'Coronation Ritual and Regalia', Julian Goodare & Alasdair A. MacDonald, Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Brill, 2008), pp. 59–60: Andrea Thomas, Princelie Majestie: The Court of James V of Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald, 2005), pp. 195–196.
- ^ Andrea Thomas, Glory and Honour (Edinburgh, 2013), p. 187.
- ^ Jamie Reid-Baxter, 'James IV and Robert Carver', Kate Buchanan, Lucinda Dean, Michael Penman, Medieval and Early Modern Representations of Authority in Scotland and the British Isles (Routledge, 2016), pp. 238–241.
- ^ Charles Burns, 'Papal Gifts to Scottish Monarchs: The Golden Rose and the Blessed Sword', Innes Review, 20:2 (Autumn 1969), pp. 171–172. doi:10.3366/inr.1969.20.2.150
- ^ Chris Tabraham, The Honours of Scotland: The Story of the Scottish Crown Jewels and the Stone of Destiny (Edinburgh: Historic Environment Scotland, 2019), p. 40: Papers Relative to the Regalia of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1829), p. 30: John Reid & Alexander Brook, 'Technical Description of the Scottish Regalia', PSAS, 24 (1890), p. 101 (p. 85 in offprint).
- ^ Charles J. Burnett, 'Outward Signs of Majesty', Janet Hadley Williams, Stewart Style, 1513-1542: Essays on the Court of James V (East Linton, Tuckwell, 1996), p. 292.
- ^ Andrea Thomas, 'Coronation Ritual and Regalia', Julian Goodare & Alasdair A. MacDonald, Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Brill, 2008), p. 57.
- ^ James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 285–286.
- ^ David H. Caldwell, 'Lead seal matrices of the 16th and early 17th century', PSAS, 123 (1994), p. 379: Robert Kerr Hannay, Rentale Sancti Andree (Edinburgh: SHS, 1913), p. 93