Ali Aslan (Arabic: علي أصلان; born 1932) is a former Chief of the General Staff of Syria, a member of the Central Committee of the Ba'ath Party and a close confidant of the late Syrian president Hafez al-Assad.[2] Aslan was not only considered to be powerful member of the late Hafez Assad's inner circle, but he was also regarded by outside observers as having significantly improved Syrian military readiness while operating under severe financial constraints.[3]
Ali Aslan | |
|---|---|
علي أصلان | |
 Aslan in 2000 | |
| Chief of the General Staff of the Syrian Army | |
| In office 1998–2002 | |
| President | Hafez al-Assad Bashar al-Assad |
| Preceded by | Hikmat al-Shihabi |
| Succeeded by | Hasan Turkmani |
| Military Advisor to the Presidency of the Syrian Arab Republic | |
| In office 2003–2023 | |
| President | Bashar al-Assad |
| Succeeded by | Ali Mamlouk |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1932 (age 91–92) Latakia, Syrian Republic |
| Political party | Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party |
| Spouse | Almaza Kamel Hassan (d. 2024)[1] |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Syria |
| Branch/service | Syrian Arab Army |
| Years of service | 1956–2002 |
| Rank |  Lieutenant General |
| Unit | 8th Infantry Brigade 1st Infantry Division 5th Mechanized Division 2nd Corps |
| Battles/wars | Yom Kippur War Lebanese Civil War Islamist uprising in Syria |
Early life
editAslan hails from an Alawite family which are part of the Kalbiyya tribe as Hafez Assad.[4] He was born in 1932.[5]
Career
editAslan joined the Syrian Army in 1956. He was trained at the Military Academy of Homs, and continued his training in the Soviet Union.[citation needed] He was appointed commander of the Syrian 8th Infantry Brigade in October 1966. His breakthrough came in November 1970 when he supported the military coup that brought Hafez Assad to power in Syria, and he was designated leader of the 1st and 5th Infantry Divisions of the Syrian Army. In 1972, he was appointed chief of the "operations" bureau of the Syrian Army General Staff.[2] He commanded 5th mechanized infantry in 1973.[6] His troops were successful in the opening stages of the 1973 Yom Kippur War, as they broke through the Israeli defensive line and drove Israeli forces out of southern and central Golan Heights.[7]
He became in charge of the Syrian Army contingent involved in Lebanon from 1976 to 1979, supervising the "hundred days war" against the Christian militia of Bachir Gemayel. At the beginning of the 1980s Aslan was deputy chief of staff and head of operations.[8] He was appointed commander of the 2nd Corps (Syria), and promoted to lieutenant general in July 1984. In 1989, he was named assistant chief of staff of the Syrian Army, becoming the true "operational brain" of the Syrian Army. He was promoted to chief of staff on 5 July 1998, replacing Hikmat al-Shihabi who had been office in 1973 after his forced retirement.[2][9] Aslan was a proponent of mandatory conscription for Syrian men, and was the main negotiator for arms deals with suppliers around the world, including Russia, China, Armenia, North Korea and Iran,[10] as well as military treaties with Japan and several Eastern European countries.[7]
After the death of Hafez Assad in 2000, a 9-member committee was formed to oversee the transition period, and Aslan was among its members.[11] In addition, he became a member of the Baath Party's central committee in the Summer of 2000.[12][13] Aslan was one of the senior officials, who contributed to secure the rule of Bashar Assad.[14] However, he was relieved from his post as chief of staff by Bashar Assad in January 2002, as part of the younger president's program of reform[2] and after reported clashes with Assef Shawqat[10] regarding personnel changes.[3] Aslan was replaced by his then deputy, Hassan Turkmani.[3] Aslan was later appointed military advisor to the president.[7] In June 2005, Aslan was removed from the central committee of the Baath Party, and he retired from politics.[15][16]
His nephew Qusay was married to Bashar al-Assad's cousin, Falak Jamil, but they divorced.[17]
Honours
editNational honours
edit- Syria:
Order of Civil Merit (Excellent class) (2021)[18]
References
edit- ^ باسم السيد الرئيس #بشار_الأسد والسيدة الأولى #أسماء_الأسد قدم محافظ #اللاذقية المهندس عامر هلال التعازي بوفاة السيدة ألماظة كامل حسن، زوجة العماد علي أصلان، رئيس هيئة الأركان العامة للجيش والقوات المسلحة الأسبق.
- ^ a b c d Faure, Claude (2002). Dictionary of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Culture, History, and Politics. Macmillan Reference USA. pp. 50–51. ISBN 0-02-865977-5.
- ^ a b c Gambill, Gary C. (February 2002). "The Military-Intelligence Shakeup in Syria". Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 4 (2). Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ Anthony H. Cordesman (2002). Peace and War: The Arab-Israeli Military Balance Enters the 21st Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-275-96939-4.
- ^ Bar, Shmuel (2006). "Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview" (PDF). IPS. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
- ^ Hanna Batatu (1999). Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser Rural Notables, and Their Politics. Princeton University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-691-00254-5.
- ^ a b c Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel and Silk: Men and Women who Shaped Syria 1900-2000. Cune Press. p. 40. ISBN 1-885942-41-9.
- ^ Jubin M. Goodarzi (2006). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-84511-127-4.
- ^ Political Chronology of the Middle East. Routledge. 2012. p. 2038. ISBN 978-1-135-35673-6.
- ^ a b Pan, Esther (10 March 2006). "Syria's Leaders". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- ^ "Bashar Aims to Consolidate Power in the Short-Term and to Open up Gradually". APS Diplomat News Service. 19 June 2000. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Bruce Maddy-Weitzman (2002). Middle East Contemporary Survey, Vol. 24, 2000. The Moshe Dayan Center. p. 558. ISBN 978-965-224-054-5.
- ^ Alan George (2003). Syria: Neither Bread Nor Freedom. Zed Books. p. 77. ISBN 978-1-84277-213-3.
- ^ Ghadbian, Najib (Autumn 2001). "The New Asad: Dynamics of Continuity and Change in Syria" (PDF). Middle East Journal. 55 (4): 624–641. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ^ Moubayed, Sami (July 2005). "Syria: Reform or Repair?" (PDF). Arab Reform Bulletin. 3 (6). Retrieved 8 March 2013.
- ^ Hinnebusch, Raymond (2011). "The Ba'th Party in Post-Ba'thist Syria: President, Party and the Struggle for 'Reform'". Middle East Critique. 20 (2): 109–125. doi:10.1080/19436149.2011.572408. S2CID 144573563.
- ^ "صاحبة "الأنثى والمحتال".. قصة فلك الأسد مع الشعر والسياسة - روزنة". www.rozana.fm (in Arabic). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
- ^ "قلّده الأسد وسام الاستحقاق لدوره كقائد عسكري.. من هو علي أصلان؟". CNN Arabic (in Arabic). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2022.