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Anatolius (Greek: Ἀνατόλιος; died 3 July 458) was a Patriarch of Constantinople (451 – 3 July 458). He is regarded as a saint, by both the Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches.
Anatolius | |
|---|---|
 Icon of Patriarch Anatolius of Constantinople | |
| Bishop and Confessor; Patriarch of Constantinople | |
| Born | ? Alexandria, Egypt |
| Died | 3 July 458 Constantinople, Eastern Roman Empire (now Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church; Roman Catholic Church |
| Feast | 3 July |
| Attributes | Vested as a bishop with omophorion, holding a Gospel Book |
Anatolius of Constantinople | |
|---|---|
| Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople | |
| Installed | 449 |
| Term ended | 458 |
| Predecessor | Flavian of Constantinople |
| Successor | Gennadius of Constantinople |
| Personal details | |
| Denomination | Chalcedonian Christianity |
Life
editAnatolius was born at Alexandria. He was ordained a deacon by Cyril of Alexandria, and was present at the Third Ecumenical Council at Ephesus in the year 431.[1]
He became Patriarch through the influence of Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria and Emperor Theodosius II, following the deposition of Flavian by the Second Council of Ephesus. Prior to his elevation, he had served as the apocrisiarius (representative) of Dioscorus with the emperor at Constantinople.[2] After his consecration, Anatolius, being under suspicion of Eutychianism, publicly condemned the teachings of both Eutyches and Nestorius,[3] subscribing to the letters of Cyril against Nestorius and of Pope Leo I against Eutyches.
In conjunction with Pope Leo, according to Zonaras (Annals iii), he requested that Emperor Marcian summon a general council against Dioscorus and the Eutychians, but the Imperial letter instructing Anatolius on preparations for the Council of Chalcedon only mentions Pope Leo (Philippe Labbe, Conc. Max. Tom. iv.). During the council, Anatolius presided alongside the Roman legates (Labbe, Conc. Max. iv.; Evagr. H. E. ii. 4, 18; Niceph. H. E. xv. 18).
By the famous 28th canon, passed at the conclusion of the council, Constantinople was granted equal dignity with Rome, being declared "second in eminence and power to the Bishop of Rome."[4] This change displaced the traditional hierarchy of authority of the much older sees of Antioch and Alexandria. As a result, controversy emerged between Anatolius and the Roman pontiff. However, the third canon of the earlier First Council of Constantinople of 381 had already stated that "The Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is New Rome."[5] The Eastern position in this dispute could be characterized as being political in nature, as opposed to a doctrinal view.
Leo complained to Marcian (Ep. 54) and to Pulcheria (Ep. 55) that Anatolius had outstepped his jurisdiction by consecrating Maximinus II as Patriarch of Antioch, as well as protesting to Anatolius (Ep. 53).
Following the council of Chalcedon, Anatolius received a letter signed by several Egyptian bishops, requesting his assistance against Timothy, who was usurping the Patriarch of Alexandria (Labbe, Conc. Max. iv. iii. 23, p. 897). In response, Anatolius wrote to emperor Leo against Timothy (Labbe, iii. 26, p. 905). The circular of the emperor requesting the advice of Anatolius on the turbulent state of Alexandria is given by Evagrius (H. E. ii. 9), and by Nicephorus (H. E. xv. 18). Edward Gibbon states that the crowning of Leo on his accession by Anatolius is the first instance of the kind on record (Theophanes, Chronicle p. 95). When he was near death he was restored to health by Daniel the Stylite, who traveled to Constantinople to see him.[6]
It is also said that the followers of Dioscorus were responsible for his death in 458.[6]
References
edit- ^ "St Anatolius the Patriarch of Constantinople", Orthodox Church in America
- ^ Hainthaler, Theresia, “Anatolius of Constantinople”, Religion Past and Present, 2006ISBN 9789004146662
- ^ "Anatolius, Patriarch of Constantinople", Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America
- ^ Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). Western Civilization. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 214. ISBN 0-618-43277-9.
- ^ "NPNF2-14. Canon III | Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
- ^ a b Campbell, Thomas. "St. Anatolius." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 17 Mar. 2015
- ^ Strong, James and McClintock, John. The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880
- Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Wace, Henry; Piercy, William C., eds. (1911). "Anatolius, bp. of Constantiople". Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century (3rd ed.). London: John Murray.
Bibliography
edit- Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88-141056-3.
- "Lives of the Saints," Omer Englebert, New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1994, pp 532, ISBN 1-56619-516-0 (casebound)