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Bangladeshis in the Middle East (Bengali: মধ্যপ্রাচ্যে বাংলাদেশি, romanized: Madhyaprācyē Bānlādēśi; Arabic: البنغلاديشيون في الشرق الأوسط, romanized: al-Banġlādīšīyūna fī al-Šarq al-ʾĀūsaṭ), form the largest part of the worldwide Bangladeshi diaspora. Although Bangladesh only came into existence in 1971, the land of East Bengal which is today Bangladesh has strong ties to the Middle East. Out of the 13 Million[1] Bangladeshis abroad approximately 8 million live within the Middle East,[2] with 2.5 million in Saudi Arabia and a 1 million of them in the United Arab Emirates. Bangladeshis who come to the Middle East are primarily guest workers or day labourers. Bangladesh is one of the largest labour suppliers to Saudi Arabia. In 2007, Bangladeshi workers obtained the biggest share, with 23.50 per cent of the 1.5 million Saudi Arabia visas issued.
History
editThe introduction of Islam to the people of Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent has generated a connection to the Arabian Peninsula, as Muslims are required to visit the land once in their lifetime to complete the Hajj pilgrimage. Several Bengali sultans funded Islamic institutions in the Hejaz, which popularly became known by the Arabs as Bangali Madaris. It is unknown when Bengalis began settling in Arab lands though an early example is that of Haji Shariatullah's teacher Mawlana Murad, who was permanently residing in the city of Mecca in the early 1800s.[3]
Living conditions
editMigrant labour in the region, from which Bangladeshi citizens form a sizable minority, are brought in through the kafala system, which provides employment-based visas and bars workers from attaining longer-term residency. Like other Asian expatriates, Bangladeshi citizens have sought work in the region primarily to send remittances back to their families and share little in common culturally with their host societies. Many have additionally been motivated by the proximity to Mecca in hopes of performing the rites of the Hajj.
Human rights organizations continue to report on widespread violations of labour and human rights of migrant workers in the Gulf region. Reported abuses include the confiscation of passports, mobility restrictions, excessive working hours, delayed or absent salary payments, sub-par working and living conditions, as well as sexual, physical and psychological abuse of workers by their employers.[4]
Notable people
edit- Syed Neaz Ahmad, academic, writer, journalist, and critic
- Rabiul Hoque, cricket umpire
- Elita Karim, singer, journalist, performer, anchor and voice artist.
- Emad Mostaque, founder and CEO of Stability AI
- Aamer Rahman, stand-up comedian
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Migrants' contribution to the 50-year journey of Bangladesh". 26 March 2021.
- ^ "Bangladeshi migrants hit hard in Middle East".
- ^ The Muslim Society and Politics in Bengal, A.D. 1757-1947. University of Dacca. 1978. p. 76.
Maulana Murad , a Bengali domicile
- ^ Kakande, Y., "Where Are Our Passports?", Migrant-Rights.Org, 5 January 2016, available here; Migrant-Rights.Org, "Making Visible the Experiences of Migrant Domestic Workers in Saudi Arabia", 3 October 2014, available here; Gardner, A.; Pessoa, Silvia; Diop, Abdoulaye; Al-Ghanim, Kaltham; Trung, Kien Le; Harkness, Laura (2013). "A Portrait of Low-Income Migrants in Contemporary Qatar". Journal of Arabian Studies. 3 (1): 10–11. doi:10.1080/21534764.2013.806076. S2CID 53608540.; Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain, "Slaving Away: Migrant Labor Exploitation and Human Trafficking in the Gulf", April 2014, available here; Human Rights Watch, "For a Better Life: Migrant Worker Abuse in Bahrain and the Government Reform Agenda", 30 September 2012, available here; Human Rights Watch, "Kuwait: Events of 2015", 27 January 2016, available here; Human Rights Watch, "United Arab Emirates: Trapped, Exploited, Abused", 22 October 2014, available here.