Robert William Unser[1] (February 20, 1934 – May 2, 2021) was an American automobile racer. At his induction into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1994, he had the fourth most IndyCar Series wins at 35 (behind his brother Al, A. J. Foyt, and Mario Andretti).[2] Unser won the 1968 and 1974 United States Automobile Club (USAC) national championships. He won the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb overall title 10 times (13 times when class wins are included).
| Bobby Unser | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg) Unser visiting the White House in 1986 | |||||||
| Born | Robert William Unser February 20, 1934 Colorado Springs, Colorado, U.S. | ||||||
| Died | May 2, 2021 (aged 87) Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S. | ||||||
| Championship titles | |||||||
| USAC Championship Car (1968, 1974) Major victories Pikes Peak Hill Climb (1956, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1966, 1968, 1986) Indianapolis 500 (1968, 1975, 1981) California 500 (1974, 1976, 1979, 1980) Pocono 500 (1980) | |||||||
| Champ Car career | |||||||
| 258 races run over 21 years | |||||||
| Best finish | 1st (1968, 1974) | ||||||
| First race | 1955 Pikes Peak Hill Climb (Pikes Peak) | ||||||
| Last race | 1981 Miller High Life 150 (Phoenix) | ||||||
| First win | 1966 Pikes Peak Hill Climb (Pikes Peak) | ||||||
| Last win | 1981 Indianapolis 500 (Indianapolis) | ||||||
| |||||||
| NASCAR Cup Series career | |||||||
| 4 races run over 3 years | |||||||
| First race | 1969 Daytona Qualifier #2 (Daytona) | ||||||
| Last race | 1973 Winston Western 500 (Riverside) | ||||||
| |||||||
| Formula One World Championship career | |||||||
| Nationality |  American | ||||||
| Active years | 1968 | ||||||
| Teams | BRM | ||||||
| Entries | 2 (1 start) | ||||||
| Championships | 0 | ||||||
| Wins | 0 | ||||||
| Podiums | 0 | ||||||
| Career points | 0 | ||||||
| Pole positions | 0 | ||||||
| Fastest laps | 0 | ||||||
| First entry | 1968 Italian Grand Prix | ||||||
| Last entry | 1968 United States Grand Prix | ||||||
He was the nephew of Louis Unser, brother of Al, Jerry Unser and Louie Unser, the father of Robby Unser and the uncle of Al Unser Jr. and Johnny Unser. The Unser family has won the Indianapolis 500 a record nine times, with Bobby and Al Unser Sr. being the only set of brothers to win in the race's history. Bobby Unser was one of ten drivers to have won the 500 three or more times and the first of two (followed by Rick Mears) to have won in three decades (1968, 1975, 1981).[2][3]
Early life
editUnser was born in Colorado Springs, Colorado, the son of Mary Catherine (Craven) and Jerome Henry Unser,[4] the third oldest of four brothers. When he turned one, his family moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico where his father started a garage on U.S. Route 66.[3] From 1953 to 1955, he served in the United States Air Force[3] and became a top competition sharpshooter in military matches.
Racing career
editEarly career
editUnser began racing in 1949 in a Modified at Roswell Speedway.[2][3] In 1950, at the age of 15, he won his first championship in Southwest Modified Stock Cars. In 1955, Bobby and brothers Jerry and Al Unser decided to pursue racing careers in USAC. In 1959, his brother Jerry Unser died in a practice crash for the 1959 Indianapolis 500.[5]
Pikes Peak International Hill Climb
editHe debuted in 1955 at Pike's Peak, dubbed "Unser's Peak" because of his family's history of success at the hill climb.[6] He finished fifth that year, behind his two brothers. A year later, he won his first championship at Pikes Peak.[7][8] He won six straight titles from 1958 to 1963.[9] His streak ended in 1964 when his younger brother Al won the race.[6]
He leads the all-time Pikes Peak International Hill Climb champion's list with 10 overall wins, having set a new track record eight times. [10] Unser's record time was broken by Michele Mouton, so Audi approached Unser asking if he would want to attempt to take the record back.[11] In 1986, after a 12-year absence from the Pikes Peak race, he won the event for the tenth time driving an Audi Quattro. He eclipsed Mouton's time by 16 seconds.[11] The win also broke the tie he had with his Uncle Louis Unser for nine overall victories each. The 1986 win brought Unser's total number of Pikes Peak victories to 13,[9] including two stock car class victories (1969 and 1974) and a single sports car class win (1963).
IndyCar career
editUnser came from a family of racecar drivers. He won numerous racing championships throughout his career, including three Indianapolis 500 titles.[6][12] When asked in 2008 about his potential to move from midget and sprint cars, Unser said, "I never considered Indianapolis because I didn't think I was good enough. But Rufus (Parnelli Jones) told me I was going and he got me a ride and I always be indebted to him."[13]
Unser made his IndyCar debut in 1962[9] (excluding the Pikes Peak races which were part of the IndyCar season in the 1950s). He raced for Andy Granatelli between 1963 and 1965 with a Novi engine.[9] Unser raced in his first Indianapolis 500 in 1963. He crashed early and placed 33rd.[14] Unser's second Indianapolis 500 in 1964 ended on the second lap in the crash that killed Eddie Sachs and Dave MacDonald.[15] Unser moved to an IndyCar owned by Bob Willke from 1966 until 1970.[9] His first IndyCar win came in 1967 at Mosport, in Ontario.[6] A year later, Unser won his first Indianapolis 500, setting the record as the first driver to race over 170 miles per hour at Indianapolis.[6] In 1968, Unser worked with crew chief Jud Phillips[13] and won his first USAC National Driving Championship[12] with wins at Stardust International Raceway, Phoenix Raceway, Trenton Speedway, Indy, and the Pikes Peak Hill Climb.[2]
In 1972, Unser started working for Dan Gurney's All American Racers team[15] and a John Miller Offenhauser engine.[13] He set another Indianapolis 500 record for the fastest qualifying time at 195.940 miles per hour (315.335 km/h).[16] Teams were allowed to bolt on a wing for the first time and speeds rose significantly (the previous record speed was 178.696 miles per hour (287.583 km/h)).[15] Unser won nine pole positions (in ten races) and won four of the races.[13] In 1974, he won his second USAC National Driving Championship.[9] In 13 races, Unser won four times, took second four times, and finished in the top five twelve times.[15] In the 1975 Indianapolis 500, he won his second 500 in a race that was rain-shortened on lap 174 because of torrential rains.[6][15] Unser won twice in 1976 as part of the Fletcher Racing Team.[15][17] He remained on Gurney's team until 1979.[13]
From 1979 to 1981, Unser raced in the CART series for Team Penske.[7][8][18] Roger Penske wanted a proven winner to join his young driver Rick Mears.[15] Unser won six times to Mears' three wins but Mears won the championship and Indianapolis 500.[15] In 1980 he became the first driver to win the California 500 four times. Unser won four times in 1980 and finished second in the season championship to Johnny Rutherford.[15] His career ended in 1981 following a controversial win at Indianapolis.
1981 Indianapolis 500 controversy
editUnser was the center of one of the most controversial finishes in Indy 500 history at the 1981 Indianapolis 500.[19] Unser won the pole in the No. 3 Roger Penske-owned car[9] and led the most laps (89 laps).[13]
On lap 149, during a caution period, Unser and Mario Andretti made their pit stops and headed back to the race. Unser passed eight cars during the caution, while Andretti passed two cars. Unser won the race by 5.18 seconds,[19] but was stripped of it the following morning in favor of second-place finisher Andretti.[19] Andretti drove the only other car on the lead lap at the end.[13] After a five-month lawsuit and protest by Penske, Unser was re-awarded the win in October 1981.[2] For his infraction, Unser was instead fined $40,000 ($134,000 in today's money). [20][21] Unser retired during off-season testing for Pat Patrick at Phoenix.[13]
In his autobiography Winners are Driven, Unser expressed his beliefs that the debacle was politically motivated and that USAC disqualified him (and benefited Andretti), hoping to start a falling-out between Pat Patrick, Andretti's car owner and owner of Patrick Racing, and Roger Penske (owner of Unser's car), in order to destroy CART. He claimed that Patrick's team did not protest the finish and that Patrick was on Unser's side in the controversy.[22] For years, Unser and Andretti did not speak to each other willingly until early 2017 when Unser announced on his YouTube channel that Andretti reached out to wish him the best after Unser got extremely sick.[21]
Other achievements
editUnser was the 1975 International Race of Champions (IROC) champion and won the 1993 Fast Masters championship.[2]
Unser challenged Dan Gurney to improve the performance of his 1971 USAC car, leading to the development of the Gurney flap.[23] In 1993, Unser set a new Bonneville Salt Flats record at Bonneville Speedway of 223.709 in a D/Gas Modified Roadster that stood for 18 years.
In 2003, he published a book, Winners are Driven: A Champion's Guide to Success in Business and Life.
Broadcaster
edit
Unser was a television broadcaster for 20 years after his retirement from racing.[24] He was a television commentator for IndyCar races after his retirement working for NBC, ABC, and ESPN.[13] Unser also worked as the analyst for the IMS Radio Network in 1986. In 1989, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences awarded ABC's telecast of the Indianapolis 500 the Sports Emmy Award for "Outstanding Live Sports Special".[3] Unser received announcer honors with Paul Page and Sam Posey.[5]
Unser was announcing in the booth for his brother Al's record-tying fourth Indy 500 victory in 1987 and Al's 1985 CART championship.[15] He also called his nephew Al Jr.'s first Indy 500 victory in the 1992 Indianapolis 500[24] and second in 1994.[15]
Unser also broadcast several NASCAR events between 1986 and 1992 alongside Page and Benny Parsons. The most famous NASCAR race Unser broadcast was the 1989 The Winston in which Rusty Wallace won by wrecking Darrell Waltrip with 2 laps to go; Unser was the first broadcaster of the broadcasting team to spot the post-race fist-fight between Wallace and Waltrip's pit crews.
Awards
edit- Unser was selected as one of Sports Illustrated's "Top Five Athletes" in the popular magazine's first twenty years, along with the Martini & Rossi and Olsonite "Driver of the Year" awards in 1974.
- Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame (1990)
- International Motorsports Hall of Fame (1990)[9]
- Motorsports Hall of Fame of America (1994)[2]
- National Sprint Car Hall of Fame (1997)[25]
- Pikes Peak Hill Climb Museum Hall of Fame (1997)[26]
- Colorado Sports Hall of Fame (2011)[11]
- International Snowmobile Hall of Fame (2018)
- He was presented with Indy 500 Front Row Award in 1999, for being a nine-time front row qualifier (1968, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1980, 1981).
- He was selected fourth in The Greatest 33 list of Indianapolis 500 drivers in 2011.
Federal criminal charges
editOn December 20, 1996 in Colorado, Unser and a friend became lost while snowmobiling near Unser's New Mexico ranch. They abandoned one stuck snowmobile before a storm blinded them both. When the second snowmobile stopped working, they spent two days and nights in subzero weather before finding a barn where they were found. Both men were suffering badly; his friend was suffering from hypothermia, and Unser had vomited blood during this time.[27] Unser was later convicted of a Federal misdemeanor, "unlawful operation of a snowmobile within a National Forest Wilderness Area" (16 U.S.C. 551, 36 C.F.R. 261.16(a)), and was fined $75.[15] Maximum penalties could have been up to six months in jail and up to $5,000.00 in fines. Unser appealed, claiming to have been lost before the accident, but the court ruled that maps were widely available and it was a public welfare offense, thus intent was not necessary.[28] Unser appealed this decision all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court,[15] but his writ of certiorari was denied.[29]
Death
editUnser died on May 2, 2021, at the age of 87 at his home in Albuquerque, New Mexico from natural causes.[19][3] Page spoke at his funeral service; Andretti and Roger Penske spoke via videotape.[5] Pallbearers outside of the Unser family include Willy T. Ribbs, Johnny Rutherford, and Rick Galles.[5] He was interred at Sunset Memorial Park.[30]
Unser was the father of two sons, Bobby Jr. and Robby, and two daughters, Cindy and Jeri.[3] Unser coached Robby for the 1998 and 1999 Indianapolis 500.[24] Bobby Unser Jr., who participated in racing before giving it up to pursue stunt car driving, music, and horse breeding, died less than two months after his father at the age of 65, as a result of complications from hip surgery.[31]
Racing record
editAmerican open-wheel racing results
edit(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)
Complete USAC Championship Car results
editCART
edit| Year | Team | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | Rank | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1979 | Team Penske | Penske PC-7 | Cosworth DFX V8 t | PHX 5 |
ATL1 7 |
ATL2 4 |
INDY 5 |
TRE1 1 |
TRE2 1 |
MIS1 19 |
MIS2 1 |
WGL 1 |
TRE3 2 |
ONT 1 |
MIS3 1 |
ATL3 3 |
PHX2 2 |
2nd | 3820 |
| 1980 | Team Penske | Penske PC-9 | Cosworth DFX V8 t | ONT1 23 |
INDY 19 |
MIL1 1 |
POC 1 |
MDO 15 |
MIS1 2 |
WGL 1 |
MIL2 3 |
ONT2 1 |
MIS2 2 |
MEX 2 |
PHX DNS |
2nd | 3714 | ||
| 1981 | Team Penske | Penske PC-9B | Cosworth DFX V8 t | PHX1 2 |
MIL1 21 |
ATL1 13 |
ATL2 6 |
MIS1 16 |
RIV 9 |
MIL2 3 |
MIS2 7 |
WGL 17 |
MEX 15 |
PHX2 2 |
7th | 99 |
Indianapolis 500 results
edit| Year | Chassis | Engine | Start | Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | Kurtis 500K | Novi | 16th | 33rd |
| 1964 | Ferguson P104 | Novi | 22nd | 32nd |
| 1965 | Ferguson P104 | Novi | 8th | 19th |
| 1966 | Huffaker 66 | Offy | 28th | 8th |
| 1967 | Eagle 67 | Ford | 8th | 9th |
| 1968 | Eagle 68 | Offy | 3rd | 1st |
| 1969 | Lola T152 | Offy | 3rd | 3rd |
| 1970 | Eagle 67 | Ford | 7th | 11th |
| 1971 | Eagle 71 | Offy | 3rd | 12th |
| 1972 | Eagle 72 | Offy | 1st | 30th |
| 1973 | Eagle 73 | Offy | 2nd | 13th |
| 1974 | Eagle 74 | Offy | 7th | 2nd |
| 1975 | Eagle 74 | Offy | 3rd | 1st |
| 1976 | Eagle 74–76 | Offy | 12th | 10th |
| 1977 | Lightning Mk1/77 | Offy | 2nd | 18th |
| 1978 | Eagle 78 | Ford Cosworth DFX | 19th | 6th |
| 1979 | Penske PC-7 | Ford Cosworth DFX | 4th | 5th |
| 1980 | Penske PC-9 | Ford Cosworth DFX | 3rd | 19th |
| 1981 | Penske PC-9B | Ford Cosworth DFX | 1st | 1st |
Indy 500 qualifying results
edit| Year | Att # | Date | Time | Qual Day |
Car # | Laps | Qual Time |
Qual Speed |
Rank | Start | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1967 | 4 | 05-13 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 4 | — | 164.752 | 9 | 8 | |
| 1968 | 6 | 05-18 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | — | 169.507 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1969 | 12 | 05-24 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 3:32.1600 | 169.683 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1970 | 24 | 05-16 | 24 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3:33.6400 | 168.508 | 8 | 7 | |
| 1971 | 17 | 05-15 | 17 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 3:24.7600 | 175.816 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1972 | 13 | 05-14 | 16:49 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 3:03.7300 | 195.940 | 1 | 1 | |
| 1973 | 19 | 05-12 | 13:28 | 1 | 8 | 0 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1973 | 29 | 05-12 | 17:20 | 1 | 8 | 4 | 3:01.6500 | 198.183 | 2 | 2 | |
| 1974 | 14 | 05-11 | 11:40 | 1 | 48 | 4 | 3:14.4100 | 185.176 | 8 | 7 | |
| 1975 | 16 | 05-10 | 13:14 | 1 | 48 | 4 | 3:08.4100 | 191.073 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1976 | 1 | 05-15 | 14:36 | 1 | 3 | 1 | — | — | — | — | PULLED OFF |
| 1976 | 34 | 05-16 | 13:15 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3:11.9800 | 187.520 | 5 | 12 | |
| 1977 | 6 | 05-14 | 11:44 | 1 | 6 | 1 | — | — | — | — | PULLED OFF |
| 1977 | 32 | 05-14 | 16:48 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 3:02.0700 | 197.726 | 2 | 2 | |
| 1978 | 30 | 05-20 | 17:07 | 2 | 48 | 4 | 3:04.9400 | 194.658 | 10 | 20 | |
| 1979 | 17 | 05-13 | 14:08 | 1 | 12 | 4 | 3:09.5600 | 189.913 | 4 | 4 | |
| 1980 | 23 | 05-10 | 14:16 | 1 | 11 | 4 | 3:09.4800 | 189.994 | 3 | 3 | |
| 1981 | 19 | 05-16 | 11:36 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2:59.5100 | 200.546 | 2 | 1 |
Complete Formula One World Championship results
editUnser participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix.
(key)
| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | WDC | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1968 | Owen Racing Organisation | BRM P126 | BRM P101 3.0 V12 | RSA | ESP | MON | BEL | NED | FRA | GBR | GER | ITA DNS |
CAN | NC | 0 | ||
| BRM P138 | USA Ret |
MEX |
NASCAR
edit(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)
Grand National Series
edit| NASCAR Grand National Series results | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | NGNC | Pts | Ref | ||||||||
| 1969 | Smokey Yunick | 13 | Ford | MGR | MGY | RSD | DAY | DAY 4 |
DAY 42 |
CAR | AUG | BRI | ATL | CLB | HCY | GPS | RCH | NWS | MAR | AWS | DAR | BLV | LGY | CLT | MGR | SMR | MCH | KPT | GPS | NCF | DAY | DOV | TPN | TRN | BLV | BRI | NSV | SMR | ATL | MCH | SBO | BGS | AWS | DAR | HCY | RCH | TAL | CLB | MAR | NWS | CLT | SVH | AUG | CAR | JFC | MGR | TWS | NA | - | [32] | ||||||||
Winston Cup Series
edit| NASCAR Winston Cup Series results | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Team | No. | Make | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | NWCC | Pts | Ref | |||||
| 1972 | Nichels | 99 | Chevy | RSD | DAY | RCH | ONT | CAR | ATL | BRI | DAR | NWS | MAR | TAL | CLT | DOV | MCH | RSD | TWS | DAY | BRI | TRN | ATL | TAL | MCH | NSV | DAR | RCH | DOV | MAR | NWS | CLT 43 |
CAR | TWS | NA | - | [33] | |||||
| 1973 | Holman-Moody | 41 | Ford | RSD 4 |
DAY | RCH | CAR | BRI | ATL | NWS | DAR | MAR | TAL | NSV | CLT | DOV | TWS | RSD | MCH | DAY | BRI | ATL | TAL | NSV | DAR | RCH | DOV | NWS | MAR | CLT | CAR | NA | - | [34] | ||||||||
Daytona 500
edit| Year | Team | Manufacturer | Start | Finish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | Smokey Yunick | Ford | 4 | 42 |
References
edit- ^ "Bobby Unser". www.champcarstats.com. Retrieved 2023-06-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g Bobby Unser at the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
- ^ a b c d e f g "Bobby Unser Passes Away at 87". International Motorsports Hall of Fame. May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ "Laws of the State of New Mexico". Albright & Anderson, printers. June 15, 1976. Retrieved June 15, 2021 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d Wright, Rick (May 11, 2021). "Racing greats say goodbye to Bobby Unser". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f "Family History". Unser Racing Museum. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ^ a b "Bobby Unser 1980 USAC Champ Car Series Results". Racing Reference. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ^ a b "Bobby Unser 1981 USAC Champ Car Series Results". Racing Reference. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Bobby Unser". International Motorsports Hall of Fame. 1990. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "PPIHC All Time Kings of the Mountain (1916-2020)" (PDF). Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. Retrieved May 9, 2021.
- ^ a b c "Bobby Unser". Colorado Sports Hall of Fame. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ a b "Bobby Unser Inventor, Collaborator, 3-time Indy 500 Winner". OnInnovation. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Bobby Unser 1934 – 2021". RACER. May 3, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
- ^ "1963 Indianapolis 500". Racing Reference. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nathan Brown Benbow, Christopher DeHarde and Dana Hunsinger (May 3, 2021). "Bobby Unser, three-time Indy 500 champion, dies at 87: 'There was nobody like him'". USA Today.
- ^ Oreovicz, John (May 16, 2011). "Indy at 100: Fatalities mar the '70s". ESPN. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ "The Indianapolis Star 02 May 1976, page Page 60". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ^ "Bobby Unser". Racing Reference. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
- ^ a b c d Fryer, Jenna (May 3, 2021). "Bobby Unser, 3-time Indianapolis 500 winner, dies at 87". WANE-TV. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ Lerner, Preston (May 24, 2013). "The 1981 Indianapolis 500". Motor Trend. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ a b Benbow, Dana (May 6, 2019). "Indy 500's most controversial finish: It ruined Mario Andretti, Bobby Unser friendship forever". Indianapolis Star. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
- ^ Unser, Bobby (February 14, 2003). Winners are Driven. Wiley. pp. 115–118. ISBN 978-0471250685.
- ^ Unser, Bobby (February 14, 2003). Winners are Driven. Wiley. p. 15. ISBN 978-0471250685.
- ^ a b c "Bobby Unser, Indy 500 champ from famed racing family, dies at 87". NBC News. Associated Press. May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2021.
- ^ "Bobby Unser". National Sprint Car Hall of Fame. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
- ^ "Hall of Fame". Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
- ^ Indy 500 Winner Bobby Unser vs. the U.S. Government on YouTube
- ^ Friedman, Richard A. (July 1999), Brief for the United States in Opposition, archived from the original on August 30, 2010
- ^ Carroll, Conn (March 14, 2011), "Bobby Unser vs the Feds", The Foundry, The Heritage Foundation
- ^ "Life of racing legend Bobby Unser to be celebrated at memorial". KRQE. May 11, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
- ^ "Bobby Unser Jr. passes away". KOB 4. June 13, 2021. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
- ^ "Bobby Unser – 1969 NASCAR Grand National Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ^ "Bobby Unser – 1972 NASCAR Winston Cup Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
- ^ "Bobby Unser – 1973 NASCAR Winston Cup Results". Racing-Reference. NASCAR Digital Media, LLC. Retrieved May 3, 2021.
External links
edit
- Bobby Unser driver statistics at Racing-Reference
- Bobby Unser Photos
- The Greatest 33
- Bobby Unser at IMDb