The Bud Billiken Club was a social club for African–American youth in Chicago, Illinois, established in 1923, by the Chicago Defender founder Robert Sengstacke Abbott and its editor, Lucius Harper. The Bud Billiken Club was formed as part of the Defender Junior, the children's page in the newspaper, to encourage reading, appropriate social conduct, and involvement in the community, among the young people of Chicago.[1] Since 1972[citation needed],[2] the Bud Billiken Club has been known as Bud Billiken Youth. 90 years after it was founded, the organization has grown into a year-round program that supports youth with financial and academic help. They also continue to shine the light on outstanding young people who might have otherwise gone unnoticed.[citation needed]
| Formation | 1923 |
|---|---|
| Founder |
|
| Type | Social Club |
| Legal status | Known as Bud Billiken Youth (since 1972)[citation needed] |
| Purpose | Supporting Chicago, Illinois' African–American youth with financial and academic help. |
| Location |
|
| Owner | Chicago Defender |
Key people | David Kellum |
History
editInitially, Abbott had created a day for the members of the Bud Billiken Club and the youth who sold his newspapers to be an annual November event. However, by 1929 the day of fun had morphed into a summer-time celebration and parade, dubbed in 1929 as the Bud Billiken Day Parade. The parade is noted as the largest parade and picnic of its kind in the United States, and draws over a million viewers each year.[3] The Club was dedicated to supporting Chicago’s black youth, and frequently paid tribute to outstanding individuals. In 1935, the Club honored Cleotis Brittenum of Holly Springs, Mississippi for selling more Defender subscriptions “than any other Billiken.” At the annual Parade Cleotis rode in style on a white and gold float with the American Legion Drum and Bugle Corps broadcasting his ride through the South Side.[4]
Origins
editThe billiken, a smiling, rotund, elfin creature, popular in the early 1900s, became the mascot for the Bud Billiken Club when Abbott spotted a jolly deity on the door of a Chinese restaurant; upon learning that the jolly deity was the protector of children, he adopted the billiken as mascot of the Club. Later in 1923, the eleven-year-old boy Willard Motley submitted a drawing to the Chicago Defender of a pudgy and cheerful boy, which Abbott named the "new Billikin". The name "Bud Billiken" is a pseudonym that Abbott selected for the organization, using his own nickname "Bud"; the word "Billiken" was believed to be in reference to a character in Chinese mythology who was the protector of children. Though the billiken was actually created by an American woman in 1908, the figure still represented the guardian angel and patron of children and Abbott placed Motley’s drawing on the paper’s children’s page, the Defender Junior. Known as “the first Billiken,” Motley continued to pen drawings for the Defender Junior for the next seven years.[2]
The “Rules of the Bud Billiken Club” guided youth to take pride in their race and to strive towards middle-class respectability.[5] It was also meant as a way to give underprivileged children a creative outlet and a chance to shine in the limelight. Over the years Bud Billiken became the mascot not only for the children’s page, but for the whole newspaper. Abbott organized dozens of Bud Billiken Clubs nationwide for children who pledged to read the Defender.[2]
Programs and events
editThe Bud Billiken Club sponsors scholarships, and assists young people with job training, internships, and college recruitment.[6] They regularly feature outstanding Chicago youth through their volunteer work and essay contests. The Club also organizes, in conjunction with Chicago Defender Charities, school supply giveaways, reduced rates on computers and Internet service, and even things such as prom dress donations. There is also focus on creating safe communities through conflict resolution and promoting education.
Each year there is a Bud Billiken Contest to determine the Parade's King, Queen and Royal Court. The winners are determined based on the amount of Chicago Defender subscriptions sold and a written and oral essay. The contest is open to children ages eight to eleven and titles include King, Queen, Prince, Princess, Lord, and Lady. Though all are awarded, the King and Queen receive the grand prize of a trip to Disney World. The winners are announced each year at the Bud Billiken Day Parade and participate in "a week of fun", including riding a float in the parade and visiting various places around the city as members of the Royal Court.[7][8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ransom, Lou. Chicago Defender. 1 July 2009 – 17 June 2011. n.p. 2008. Web. 26 September 2011.
- ^ a b c Rutkoff, P. M.; Scott, W. B. (2004). "Pinkster in Chicago: Bud Billiken and the mayor of Bronzeville, 1930-1945". The Journal of African American History. 89 (4): 316–330. doi:10.2307/4134057. JSTOR 4134057. S2CID 144348141.
- ^ Fabre, Genevieve (1994). "African American Commemorative Celebrations in the Nineteenth Century". In Fabre, Genevieve; O’Meally, Robert (eds.). History and Memory in African American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 72–75.
- ^ Defender, 17 August 1935
- ^ Grossman, James (1991). Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- ^ Defender, 1 July 2009
- ^ Defender, 17 June 2011
- ^ Best, Wallace. "Bud Billiken Day Parade". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago History Museum. Retrieved July 10, 2022.