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Croydon, New South Wales

Croydon is a suburb in the Inner West[2] of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. It is located 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) west of the Sydney central business district. Croydon is split between the two local government areas of Municipality of Burwood and the Inner West Council.

Croydon
Sydney, New South Wales
The Strand, Croydon
Map
Population10,755 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density4,408/km2 (11,416/sq mi)
Postcode(s)2132
Elevation23 m (75 ft)
Area2.44 km2 (0.9 sq mi)
Location9 km (6 mi) west of Sydney CBD
LGA(s)
State electorate(s)Strathfield
Federal division(s)
Suburbs around Croydon:
Concord Five Dock Haberfield
Burwood Croydon Ashfield
Burwood Heights Croydon Park Ashbury

The suburb is nestled between the commercial centres of Ashfield and Burwood. It is bounded by Parramatta Road to the north, Iron Cove Creek to the east, Arthur Street to the south and a number of different streets to the west. To the north are Kings and Canada Bays on the closest reach of the Parramatta River, to the northwest is Concord Hospital and the Olympic Games complex at Homebush Bay. To the south is Canterbury Racecourse. The suburb shares its name with Croydon, a large district and borough in the south of London in the United Kingdom.

The traditional owners of the land on which Croydon is situated are the Wangal people of the Eora nation.[3]

History

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The suburb is named after Croydon, a town of London, England.

Aboriginal anthropology

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Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the area now known as Croydon was part of the land which the Wangal people lived. Their focus of tribal land was believed to be centred on Concord and stretched east to the swampland of Long Cove Creek. The land was heavily wooded at the time with tall eucalypts, blackbutts and turpentines covering the higher ground and mangroves, swamp oaks and swamp mahoganies in the lower swampy ground of Iron Cove Creek. The diet of the Wangal was primarily fish so they spent most of their time living near the shores of the Parramatta River and fishing in canoes. The land away from the river shores provided fruits, berries and edible plants as well as possums and kangaroos, which were killed both for food and their skins.[4]

 
Mural in Elizabeth St, Croydon, an artistic impression of what the area may have looked like prior to the arrival of the First Fleet

The arrival of the First Fleet in 1788 and the start of modern Australia had, as one could expect, an influence on the people living in the area. One of their leaders, Bennelong, befriended the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip, and was taken by him to England.[5]

After establishing the colony at Sydney Cove in early 1788, a second settlement was established at Rose Hill (now called Parramatta) later that same year to establish farms to feed the people. Within a year or so, a rough land route had been established between the two settlements, traversing through the territory of the Cadigal, Wangal and Burramattagal people. This rough track later became the main artery of the expanding Greater Sydney and, as the northern boundary of what is now Croydon, influenced modern settlement in the area.[6]

Early British settlement

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Governor Phillip showed great reluctance to grant large amounts of land to his colonists, restricting land grants to the towns and people actively planning to farm the land. After his return to England in 1792, acting governor Major Francis Grose and his successor Captain William Paterson pursued the opposite policy granting large swathes of land to their friends prior to the arrival of the second official governor John Hunter in 1795.[7]

The first land grant in the Croydon area was to Captain John Townson in April 1793 who received 100 acres (0.4 km2) on Parramatta Road stretching west from Iron Cove Creek and south to what is now Queen Street. Further grants were made in 1794 to: Private J Eades (25 acres on Parramatta Road to the west of Townson's holding); James Brackenrig (30 acres on the other side of Eades's land); Augustus Alt, the first surveyor-general of NSW, (100 acres stretching south from Townson's land to roughly what is now Thomas Street); and Sarah Nelson (15 acres west of the southern corner of Alt's land in the area now known as Malvern Hill). Alt was the first to take up residence on his land, naming it 'Hermitage Farm'. However, his house was burnt down by a group of indigenous people (possibly led by Pemulwuy) in 1797 and he didn't return to Croydon, establishing himself in neighbouring Ashfield,[5][7] and selling his property to John Palmer.[8]

 
Sales plan for land in the suburb of Croydon, including the boundaries of Anthony Hordern's estate, 1881

By 1820 a large part of the area had been subsumed by Joseph Underwood's large 'Ashfield Park Estate'. This property remained largely intact for more than 40 years, until it was subdivided into large blocks after the death of Elizabeth Underwood in 1858. By this time its proximity to the railway made it a desirable area (the station was originally called Fivedock).[9] One of these subdivisions was the 'Highbury Estate', on part of which Anthony Hordern, son of the founder of the great retail firm, Anthony Hordern & Sons, eventually built his house 'Shubra Hall', just beyond the west border of Ashfield. It later became part of the Presbyterian Ladies' College, the current boundaries of which give an idea of the extent of the Hordern property.[8] The College, including Shubra Hall, the main school building and the Meta Street entrance gates, is now listed on the Register of the National Estate.[10]

From around 1800 to 1860, development in the area was slow with the forests gradually being cleared for orchards and grazing land. The area was a haunt of bushrangers in the 1820s with two major thoroughfares, Parramatta Road to the north and Liverpool Road to the south providing regular opportunities for holdups.

In 1855, the Sydney-Parramatta railway was built through the area which led to a housing boom around the stations at Ashfield and Burwood. This in turn led to local governments forming in the two areas with the land divided roughly equidistant between the two centres. In 1874 a new station was built on the boundary of the two areas and was named Five Dock after another settlement to the north. Because Five Dock was actually a long way north some confusion ensued and Ashfield Council renamed the station in 1876 to Croydon after the suburb in London. The suburb remains divided between the two neighbouring councils to this day.

Population growth

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Malvern Avenue in the early 1900s

The first developments were on the northern side of the station around Edwin and Elizabeth Streets. Anthony Hordern built his grand home 'Shubra Hall' in 1869 while many of the shops along Edwin Street North were built in the 1880s. Many houses in the areas surrounding Edwin Street North and Elizabeth St are also of the Victorian style popular in the 1880s and 90s.[8] The 1880s and 90s also saw the establishment of the suburbs first schools with Croydon Public School in 1884,[11] and the Presbyterian Ladies' College relocating from Ashfield in 1891.[12]

The southern side of Croydon remained largely undeveloped until the early 20th century. The Malvern Hill Estate was subdivided in 1909 and designed as a model suburb like Haberfield with wide tree-lined streets and houses built in the then-modern Federation style (a variation of Arts and crafts). Part of the development was the Strand shopping strip, which has survived intact to this day and is now heritage listed in its entirety.

Since World War I, little has changed in Croydon generally. While there have been some blocks of flats built in that time, they account for only around 10% of dwellings in Croydon and many of them are art deco blocks from the 1930s which fit in with the general heritage feel of the area.[13]

Heritage listings

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Croydon has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Infrastructure

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Commercial area

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Croydon Post Office, located at the north end of the Strand.

Croydon's principal commercial area is located around the railway station. The Strand, south of the railway line, is the primary commercial strip. It features a number of commercial properties, most of which contain residential units above them. A TAB, two real estate agencies, two grocery stores and various restaurants, cafés and bakeries are among the shops on The Strand. The older Edwin Street precinct, north of the line, consists mainly of specialist businesses such as an accounting firm, engineering firm, and printing shop. Some retailers on the southern side of Parramatta Road also fall just inside Croydon's boundaries.[8][17][18]

 
Croydon Health Centre, Liverpool Road.

Health

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From 1893 to 1994, the Western Suburbs Hospital was situated on the corner of Liverpool Road and Brighton Street. After remaining unoccupied for nearly 10 years, it was replaced in the early 2000s with a community health centre and two aged care facilities: Holy Spirit Croydon and The Brighton. Both of these facilities are operated by Catholic Health Australia, and each facility houses over 100 residents.[19][20]

Education

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Croydon Public School
 
The Presbyterian Ladies' College, which includes the historic Shubra Hall

Croydon has four schools: two primary and two secondary. The suburb's oldest school is Croydon Public School, a primary, co-educational public school, established in 1883. Over 700 students currently attend the school, which is located on Young Street. The suburb's other primary school is Holy Innocents Catholic Primary School, a Roman Catholic, co-educational primary school, established in 1924. It is a much smaller school than Croydon Public School, with a total enrolment of around 200 students. Holy Innocents is located on Queen Street opposite Burwood Girls High School which, despite its name and proximity to Burwood, is in fact situated within the boundaries of Croydon. Currently about 1200 students attend the secondary public school for girls, which was established in 1929.

Another school for girls is Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney (PLC Sydney), an independent, Presbyterian, R-12, day and boarding school. The school was established in 1888 but did not move to its current Croydon location until 1891. Around 1150 girls currently attend the school. PLC Sydney is similar to the nearby Burwood Girls High School in that the vast majority of girls from both of these schools are not residents of Croydon, but instead travel to school from surrounding suburbs.[21][22]

Transport

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Croydon Railway Station

Croydon railway station is served by the Inner West & Leppington Line of the Sydney Trains network. Like most stations on the Inner West section of the line, it is served by all-stations services every fifteen minutes in both directions: east to the city and west to Homebush or Parramatta.[23]

Seven bus services pass through Croydon:

  • The 461 travels down Parramatta Road between Burwood and the city
  • The 418 travels down Liverpool Road between Burwood and Kingsford
  • The 480 and 483 also travel down Liverpool Road between Strathfield and the city
  • The 490 and 492 travel from Drummoyne to Burwood via Queen Street, Croydon. They then travel through the southern part of Croydon with the 492 continuing on to Rockdale and the 490 continuing to Hurstville
  • The 491 travels down Frederick Street and Elizabeth Street between Five Dock and Ashfield and then on to Hurstville

Croydon is sandwiched between two major roads: Parramatta Road and Liverpool Road. Within Croydon itself, there is only one road bridge (Meta St bridge) over the railway line which connects the north and south parts of the suburb.

Up until 1948, Croydon and neighbouring Croydon Park were also serviced by electric tram services running between Ashfield Station and the respective terminuses at Mortlake and Cabarita Park. These were subsequently replaced by routes 464 and 466.

Landmarks

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St Gabriel Orthodox Church

Churches

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St Christophorus Catholic Church

Houses

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See also: Australian residential architectural styles
 
A house on Badminton Road, Croydon.

Croydon features many of the inner west's most sought-after addresses due to its grand homes, larger blocks and family friendly streetscapes.[24] As of 2011, the majority of dwellings were separate houses (63.6%).[25] Croydon is a quiet village-like suburb with mostly detached housing built in the early part of the 20th century in what is known as Federation Bungalow or California Bungalow styles. The suburb caters for first-home buyers, while the wealthy may also find homes in the Malvern Hill Estate, a well-established pocket of prestigious homes that rarely come on the market and sell for more than $900,000.[24] As of January 2016, the median house price of Croydon stood at $1,435,000.[26]

The Malvern Hill area of Croydon was designed as a model suburb in 1906 by surveyors Atchison and Schleiser. Like the nearby Appian Way area in Burwood and the 'garden suburb' Haberfield, the aim of the development was to have modern houses on large blocks of land with wide streets. Most of the houses are California Bungalows or similar Federation-era designs. Just east of Malvern Hill, in the Ashfield Council part of the suburb, is the grand Gads Hill Villa built by former Ashfield mayor Daniel Holborow and the nearby St James Anglican Church.

Parks

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Looking east towards Ashfield from Centenary Park, with the Sydney skyline in the background.

Centenary Park is a large open park with a barbecue area, bike tracks, play equipment, basketball court, two synthetic cricket nets and two playing fields that are used for cricket, rugby and football. Burwood Soccer Club and ACC Cricket Club play some home matches at the park. The Western Suburbs Leagues Bowling Club (Wests Sports) is located next door to the park. Also adjacent is the Bede Spillane Dog Park, situated on the corner of Croydon Road and Queen Street.[27]

The other major sporting park in Croydon is Blair Park, which borders Burwood Girls High School and is situated just 200 metres west of Centenary Park. It contains one sporting field as well as a playground and a dog off-leash area, both adjacent to the sports field.[28]

Wangal Park, situated directly north of Blair Park, is currently undergoing redevelopment by Burwood Council. The area, which was originally a brickpit, will feature three wetlands, boardwalks, educational signage and various amenities. Stage one of construction was opened in 2015, and works are expected to be complete in 2016.[29]

Croydon is also home to various smaller parks and reserves: Reed Reserve, Froggatt Crescent Reserve, Prowse Reserve, Anthony Street Reserve, and Bridges Reserve.[27][30]

Street Art

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Opposite the Adelaide Perry Art Gallery, behind the fence on the hill towards Croydon Train Station there are two billboards, on the backside of these billboards "BLADEE" is written with spray paint. This is a possible reference to Swedish musician Bladee[31]

Population

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Demographics

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2011 Census Croydon
Croydon[25] Sydney[32] Australia[33]
Population 10,612 4,823,991 25,750,198
Median age 40 36 38
Median weekly household income $1,846 $1,750 $1,438
Born in Australia 53.8% 57.1% 66.7%
 
Croydon Community Hall

According to the 2021 census, Croydon had a population of 10,755 people. It did not have the same level of high density housing found in its neighbours Ashfield and Burwood. 55.1% of dwellings were separate houses with 27.0% apartments and 17.2% terraces, semis or townhouses. The median age of people in the suburb was slightly older (42) than the rest of Sydney and a higher percentage of people owned their homes outright (34.7%) than those paying them off (31.4%). Median loan repayments ($2,700 per month) were much higher than the national figure ($1,8635).[34]

Croydon still retains many of the characteristics of the broader Inner West region of Sydney, including a high proportion of residents born overseas. 31.3% of people were born in Australia. The most common other countries of birth were China (excludes SARs and Taiwan) 16.5%, Italy 6.4%, Lebanon 4.3%, and Vietnam 3.4%. The most common ancestries were Chinese 23.2%, Australian 17.5%, English 17.3%, Italian 9.8% and Irish 8.8%. 51.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 11.9%, Cantonese 6.0%, Italian 4.7%, Arabic 4.0% and Greek 3.0%. The most common responses for religion were No religion 36.6%, Catholic 28.2%, Anglican 5.9%, Not stated 5.6% and Orthodox 5.0%.[34]

Notable residents

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Notable former and current residents of Croydon include:

Politics

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Voting in Croydon since 2000
Elections Fed01[48] NSW03[49] Fed04[50] NSW07[51]
Two Party Preferred Results
Labor 61% nr 59% 68%
Liberal 39% nr 41% 32%
First Preference Results
Labor 51% 53% 47% 53%
Liberal 35% 29% 37% 28%
Greens 4% 11% 10% 12%
Democrats 5% 2% 1% 2%
Unity Party 2% 4% nc 3%
Christian Democrats nc nc 3% 3%

At the federal level, Croydon is partly in the Division of Reid (north of the Hume Highway) and partly in the Division of Watson (south of the Hume Highway). Croydon was moved into Reid at the redistribution in 2016. Due to successive redistributions in 2009 and 2016 that moved the electorate eastward, Reid is a marginal electorate, largely inheriting the Inner West territory of the old Division of Lowe and retaining only a small part of the pre-2009 division of Reid in Western Sydney.

At the state level, Croydon is in the NSW state electoral division of Strathfield. The state seat of Strathfield is also considered marginal. It was held by the Liberals until a redistribution in 1999 saw Labor's Paul Whelan come into power. The seat was then held by Charles Casuscelli, Liberal Party member, until the election held in March 2015 when Jodi McKay won back the seat for the Labor Party.

The Croydon area by itself is considered a fairly safe Labor area. The adjacent table shows that when you just look at the polling booths in the suburb of Croydon, Labor has consistently returned around 60% of the two-party preferred vote even when the first preference votes have fluctuated. The Greens vote, while not as large as in other parts of the inner-west has been steadily increasing in recent years.

References

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  1. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Croydon (NSW)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 13 November 2024.  
  2. ^ Australian Suburb Guide: Sydney Inner West Archived 26 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  3. ^ "Historyand Heritage". Burwood Council. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  4. ^ Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 9-20. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  5. ^ a b c "How it all began". Burwood Council. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  6. ^ The Book of Sydney Suburbs, Compiled by Frances Pollen, Angus & Robertson Publishers, 1990, Published in Australia ISBN 0-207-14495-8, page 75
  7. ^ a b Coupe, S&R: Speed the Plough, page 22-26. Ashfield Municipal Council, 1988 ISBN 0-9595234-1-3
  8. ^ a b c d Edwin Street North Conservation Area (PDF). Sydney: Ashfield Council. 2004. p. 2. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  9. ^ The Department of Railways Research and Information Section (1966) Railway Quiz (Department of Railways) p11
  10. ^ The Heritage of Australia, Macmillan Company, 1981, p.2/15
  11. ^ "The Origins of the Croydon Public School". History. Croydon Public School. 2002. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  12. ^ McFarlane, John (1988). "Firm Foundations 1888-1919". The Golden Hope: Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney 1888-1988. Croydon, NSW: P.L.C Council, Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney. pp. 30–31. ISBN 0-9597340-1-5.
  13. ^ Harvest of the Years - Burwood 1794-1974, by Eric Dunlop
  14. ^ "Croydon Railway Station Group". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01125. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  15. ^ "Shubra Hall, including stables and garden". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01939. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  16. ^ "Croydon Sewer Vent". New South Wales State Heritage Register. Department of Planning & Environment. H01639. Retrieved 18 May 2018.   Text is licensed by State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) under CC BY 4.0 licence.
  17. ^ "Western Suburbs Hospital History". Central Sydney Area Health Service. Archived from the original on 12 September 2006. Retrieved 9 July 2008.
  18. ^ "in Australia. Listings from TrueLocal". www.truelocal.com.au. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  19. ^ "Holy Spirit Croydon". Catholic Healthcare. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  20. ^ "The Brighton". Catholic Healthcare. Archived from the original on 7 February 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  21. ^ "Croydon Public School". Croydon Public School. 18 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  22. ^ "Home | My School". www.myschool.edu.au. Retrieved 18 January 2016.[permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ "T2: Inner West & Leppington line timetable". Transport for NSW.
  24. ^ a b Singer, Michelle (5 December 2006). "Focus on Croydon". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 3. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  25. ^ a b "2011 Croydon (NSW), Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  26. ^ "Locality Details - Croydon 2132". Suburb Profiles. realestate.com.au. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  27. ^ a b "Parks and Reserves | Ashfield Council". www.ashfield.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  28. ^ "Blair Park, Croydon | Burwood Council". www.burwood.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  29. ^ "Thousands expected to flock to Wangal Park wetlands in Croydon as stage one opens to public". Inner West Courier. 6 October 2015. Retrieved 18 January 2016 – via Daily Telegraph.
  30. ^ "Our Parks and Reserves | Burwood Council". www.burwood.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
  31. ^ "Google Maps".
  32. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Greater Sydney". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 23 December 2018.    Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  33. ^ "National, state and territory population, September 2021 | Australian Bureau of Statistics". 17 March 2022.
  34. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Croydon (State Suburb)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 14 March 2018.  
  35. ^ Teale, Ruth (1969). "Abbott, Joseph (1843–1903)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 3 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  36. ^ Brunton, Paul (1993). "Appleroth, Adolphus Herbert (Bert) (1886–1952)". Appleroth, Adolphus Herbert Frederick Norman (1886–1952). Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 13 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. pp. 63–64. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  37. ^ Birtles, Terry G. (1979). "Birtles, Francis Edwin (1881–1941)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  38. ^ "Sex, drugs and a murder mystery". The Sydney Morning Herald. 20 August 2006. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  39. ^ COOPER, MELINDA (2022). MIDDLEBROW MODERNISM eleanor dark's interwar fiction. [S.l.]: SYDNEY UNIVERSITY PRESS. ISBN 978-1-74332-866-8. OCLC 1345221666.
  40. ^ Wyndham, Marivic (2007). "Eleanor Dark (1901–1985)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 17 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  41. ^ O'Donnell, E.J. (1981). "Emmeline Freda Du Faur (1882–1935)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 8 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  42. ^ Dickey, Brian (1972). "Fitzpatrick, Michael (1816–1881)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 4 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. pp. 184–185. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  43. ^ McDonald, D. I. (1981). "Froggatt, Walter Wilson (1858–1937)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 8 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. p. 592. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  44. ^ "History happened here - Ern Malley and 40 Dalmar St, Croydon". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  45. ^ Roberts, Jan (2012). "Murch, Arthur James (1902–1989)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 18 (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. Retrieved 29 January 2017.
  46. ^ Johnson, John (2008). "Malvern Hill". Dictionary of Sydney. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  47. ^ Laughren, Pat (2005). "Wills, Frederick Charles (1870–1955)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. Supplementary (Online ed.). Melbourne: Melbourne University Press. pp. 283–284. Retrieved 22 January 2008.
  48. ^ "Federal Election 2001 - Polling Booth Results (Lowe)". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  49. ^ "NSW Election 2003 - Polling Booth Results (Strathfield)". Elections NSW. Archived from the original on 30 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  50. ^ "Federal Election 2004 - Polling Booth Results (Lowe)". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
  51. ^ "NSW Election 2007 - Polling Booth Results (Strathfield)". Elections NSW. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 13 May 2007.
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