The Cummeragunja walk-off in 1939 was a protest by Aboriginal Australians at the Cummeragunja Station, an Aboriginal reserve in southern New South Wales.
| Date | 4 February 1939 |
|---|---|
| Location | Cummeragunja Station |
| Participants | Jack Patten Bill Onus Eric Onus William Cooper |
Background
editThe Cummeragunja Mission was mostly home to Yorta Yorta people who had been relocated in the late 19th century from the Maloga Mission. In January 1935, according to W.B. Payne, a Church of Christ missionary, Christian churches were indifferent and neglecting Aboriginal people at the mission, "While thousands of pounds were being raised for missions in foreign countries the aborigines in Australia were regarded as outcasts".[1] Over the years, the New South Wales government had tightened its control on the operation of the mission. By late 1938 people had become unhappy with the management of the mission, living conditions and restrictions on their movement.[2]
Protest
editOn 4 February 1939, when Jack Patten was arrested and removed from the mission after trying to address the local people, as many as 200 residents of the Cummeragunja Mission walked out of the mission and crossed the Murray River, leaving the state of New South Wales. This was in contravention of rules set by the New South Wales Board for the Protection of Aborigines.[2][3][4][5]
Activist Bill Onus put off his potential career as a budding actor to return from Melbourne to his place of birth for the walk-off.[6]
Legacy
editMany of the people who left the mission in February 1939 settled in northern Victoria in towns such as Barmah, Echuca and Shepparton.[7]
The walk-off was one of the first mass protests by Indigenous Australians, and had significant impact on events that followed later, such the 1967 referendum.[8]
The third episode of the 1981 miniseries, Women of the Sun, is a fictional story based on the walk-off.
In October 2010, the opera Pecan Summer, based on the walk-off, opened in Mooroopna, near Shepparton. Deborah Cheetham – whose uncle Jimmy Little was born at Cummeragunja Mission – wrote, composed and performed in this production by the Short Black Opera Company.[9][10]
In 2020, Ross Morgan, a Yorta Yorta man, designed the Collingwood Football Club's Indigenous guernsey which was worn against North Melbourne in round 13 as part of the Australian Football League's Sir Doug Nicholls round tradition. According to Morgan, the walk-off is still strongly remembered by those who were involved and their descendants.[11]
References
edit- ^ "Aborigines Neglected – Missioner's Complaint – Churches not Doing Enough". The Mercury. Davies Brothers Ltd. 22 January 1935. p. 7. Retrieved 4 April 2012 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ a b "Cummeragunja – Mission History". Mission Voices. ABC Online. Archived from the original on 27 May 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ "Struggle for Justice". Mission Voices. ABC Online. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ "New DVD tells story of Shepparton Koori Community". Victorian Department of the Attorney General. 23 April 2008. Archived from the original on 30 October 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ "NSW Station – Man Convicted". The Argus. 11 March 1939. Retrieved 19 November 2009 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Reich, Hannah (13 August 2021). "Documentary Ablaze reveals civil rights leader Bill Onus might have been the first Aboriginal filmmaker". ABC News. The Screen Show. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ "Cummeragunja Mission – Significant Events". Mission Voices. ABC Online. Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ Dobson, Mahalia (4 February 2019). "Yorta Yorta people return to Cummeragunja 80 years after historical 'walk-off'". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
- ^ Short Black Opera Company proudly presents Pecan Summer – World Premiere Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved 10 October 2010)
- ^ "Rehearsals and talent search for first Indigenous opera". AM. ABC Radio National. 18 September 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.; "Pecan Summer Pt 1: Empowering Voices". Message Stick. ABC Television. 15 November 2009. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
- ^ "Amazing art and stories to match: Every AFL club's Indigenous Round guernsey". Fox Sports. Australia. 20 August 2020. Retrieved 23 August 2020.