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Davao de Oro

Davao de Oro, officially the Province of Davao de Oro (Cebuano: Lalawigan sa Davao de Oro; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Davao de Oro), is a province in the Philippines located in the Davao Region in Mindanao. Its capital is Nabunturan while Monkayo is the most populous. It used to be part of the province of Davao del Norte until it was made a separate province in 1998.

Davao de Oro
Compostela Valley
Province
(from top: left to right) Nabunturan Poblacion and Montevista Sports Complex.
Flag of Davao de Oro
Flag
Official seal of Davao de Oro
Seal
Etymology: Davao de Oro (lit., "Golden Davao")
Nickname: 
Golden Capital of the Philippines
Map of Davao Region with Davao de Oro highlighted
Map of Davao Region with Davao de Oro highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Map
Coordinates: 7°36′N 125°57′E / 7.6°N 125.95°E / 7.6; 125.95
CountryPhilippines
RegionDavao Region
FoundedMarch 7, 1998
RenamedDecember 7, 2019
CapitalNabunturan
Largest MunicipalityMonkayo
Government
 • GovernorDorothy Montejo-Gonzaga (PFP)
 • Vice GovernorJayvee Tyron L. Uy (Lakas)
 • LegislatureDavao de Oro Provincial Board
Area
[1]
 • Total
4,560.09 km2 (1,760.66 sq mi)
 • Rank26th out of 81
Highest elevation
(Mt.Pandadagsaan)
2,670 m (8,760 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[2]
 • Total
767,547
 • Rank40th out of 81
 • Density170/km2 (440/sq mi)
  • Rank53rd out of 81
Demonym(s)Orocanon, Oroqueño
Divisions
 • Independent cities0
 • Component cities0
 • Municipalities
11
 • Barangays237
 • DistrictsLegislative districts of Davao de Oro
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP Code
8800–8810
IDD : area code +63 (0)87
ISO 3166 codePH-COM
Spoken languages
Income classification1st class
Websitewww.davaodeoro.gov.ph

The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies the Davao Gulf. The first elected governor was Jose Caballero, formerly a lawyer for a mining group in the province. It was formerly known as Compostela Valley (shortened to ComVal; Cebuano: Kawalogang Kompostela) from its inception until December 2019, when a plebiscite ratified the law that proposed to rename the province to Davao de Oro.[3]

History

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Historical affiliations

  Spain 1521–1898
  United States of America 1898–1942
  Japan 1942–1945
  Philippines 1946–present

Davao de Oro, the 78th province in the country, was created out of Davao del Norte Province by virtue of Republic Act No. 8470, signed by President Fidel V. Ramos on January 30, 1998. The new province was officially named Compostela Valley.[4] On March 7 of the same year, the law was ratified through a plebiscite conducted in the eleven (11) municipalities of the mother province.

The movement to create a new province by dividing Davao del Norte started in the 1980s during the time of Congressman Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr., himself the author of RA No. 6430. However, this was not realized until his death in the late 1980s. His son, Rogelio M. Sarmiento, who became his successor in Congress, pushed for the passage of the bill creating the province.

Upon consultation with the governor of Davao del Norte, Prospero S. Amatong, the province's other two legislators, 3rd District Congressman Rodolfo P. Del Rosario and 2nd District Congressman Baltazar A. Sator, and other provincial and municipal officials, it was decided that the addition of four municipalities, namely Maco, Mabini, Pantukan, and Laak to the proposed province would be the most ideal and equitable configuration as this would make both provinces on an almost equal footing in terms of area, population, and development opportunities. It was also decided that Nabunturan would be the capital town because of its more central location.

The name originally proposed for the province was Davao del Norte, the former name, or so it was thought, of the mother province. However, the House of Representatives’ Reference and Research Bureau, which conducted the research and legal work on the creation of the province, found out that the mother province continues to be officially referred to as Davao del Norte in most official documents including the 1987 Philippine Constitution despite the passage of RA No. 6430 on June 17, 1972, renaming it as Davao Province. Tedious technical and legal issues needed to be resolved before the name could be adopted. The proposal was thus shelved and the name finally agreed upon was Compostela Valley, referring to the great fertile plain in the heartland of the province.

The origin of the province’s inhabitants came from the ethnic tribes of the Mansaka, Mandaya, Manobo, Mangguangan, Dibabawon, Aeta, Kamayo, Davaweño and Kalagan. Similar to the history of other Mindanao provinces, most of the present populations of the province are descendants of migrants who came from Luzon and Visayas islands during the pre-war and post war eras, among the Luzon migrants were Tagalogs from Bataan (thus, the town New Bataan) & Ilocanos from North Central Luzon. The bigger wave of immigrants came during the time of President Ramon Magsaysay wherein the policy of attraction adopted by the national government was to offer parcels of land to tenant-farmers. Although a virtual melting pot, the Visayans (mostly Cebuano-speaking) are the dominant group in Davao de Oro.

Upon its establishment, Davao de Oro was ruled by a succession of three governors during the first four months of its existence. The first governor of the province was Prospero S. Amatong, the three-term governor (1986-1998) of the then undivided province of Davao del Norte, who held the position only for a day. As the law creating the new province allowed incumbent elected officials of Davao del Norte the option to serve the remainder of their term in Compostela Valley, Amatong took this option and assumed the governorship of the then-Compostela Valley on March 26, 1998. The following day, he resigned and filed his candidacy for the congressional seat of the 2nd district of the new province. The governorship was turned over to Luz M. Sarmiento, by virtue of a presidential appointment. Sarmiento, the wife of then Congressman Lorenzo S. Sarmiento Sr. served the province from March 27, 1998, to June 30, 1998. She was succeeded by Jose R. Caballero.

Jose R. Caballero, a practicing lawyer and former vice governor of then undivided Davao del Norte (1988-1992) was the first elected governor of Compostela Valley.

Arturo T. "Chiongkee" Uy is the fourth governor of Compostela Valley. He first served the province as member of the 3rd Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Compostela Valley (2004-2007) before he was elected as governor in the May 2007 national and local elections. He was reelected unopposed during the May 2010 national and local elections.

In 1955, the barrio (barangay) of New Sabonga was transferred to the municipality of Compostela from the municipality of Asuncion.[5]

On June 23, 1957, then President Carlos P. Garcia signed Republic Act No. 2038[6] which separated Compostela from Nabunturan. The first Mayor appointed by President Carlos P. Garcia was then Mayor Pio P. Galenzoga, one of the pioneer settlers.

In the same year the sitios of Kao, Magkagong, Margosan, Matilo, Magangit, Cabacungan, Tigbatinao and Camanlangan were constituted into a barrio known as Santo Niño.[7]

At the time, Compostela was an incongruous mixture of wooden-roofed houses concentrated along the Agusan River which was properly known as "dungguanan" (embarkation). This area later became its center of trade and commerce or Poblacion.

Change of name

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Main article: 2019 Compostela Valley renaming plebiscite

A Senate bill officially renaming Compostela Valley to Davao de Oro was passed in 2019. Provincial officials led by Governor Jayvee Tyron Uy justified the renaming as part of an clear up confusion with its geographic location, with the province's name sometimes associated with Cagayan Valley and the town of Compostela in Cebu, and associate it further with fellow provinces in the Davao Region.[3] The plebiscite was held on December 7, 2019, with the majority of participants voting in favor of the name change.

Geography

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Davao de Oro covers a total area of 4,479.77 square kilometres (1,729.65 sq mi)[8] occupying the northeastern section of the Davao Region. The province borders Davao del Norte to the west, Agusan del Sur to the north, and Davao Oriental to the east. To the southwest lies Davao Gulf.

Administrative divisions

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Davao de Oro is divided into 2 districts comprising 11 municipalities.

 
Political map of Davao de Oro

 †  Provincial capital

Demographics

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Population census of Davao de Oro
YearPop.±% p.a.
1918 13,060—    
1939 21,048+2.30%
1948 26,883+2.76%
1960 102,830+11.83%
1970 184,831+6.03%
1975 235,293+4.96%
1980 319,490+6.31%
1990 466,286+3.85%
1995 520,110+2.07%
2000 580,244+2.37%
2007 637,366+1.30%
2010 687,195+2.78%
2015 736,107+1.32%
2020 767,547+0.83%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[9][10][10]

The population of Davao de Oro in the 2020 census was 767,547 people,[2] with a density of 170 inhabitants per square kilometre or 440 inhabitants per square mile.

The majority of the inhabitants are migrants from Cebu, Samar, Bohol and other Visayan provinces. The cultural minorities in the province include the Kalagan, Mansaka, Mandaya, Dibabawon, Mangguangan and Manobo groups such as the Atta, Talaingod, Langilan, and Matigsalug Manobo.

Arnold Bajo is the most successful defender of the poor minorities, especially the Mandayas. He died in a battle while defending the poor. According to legends, 40 days after his death, his bodily spirit was infused into the statue of Ara-Araba, the local tribe's god of harvest. From then on, he was worshipped as a god by the members of the Mandaya tribe.

Language

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The primary language spoken in the province is Cebuano. Secondary languages include Kalagan, Mansaka, Mandaya, Ata Manobo, Dibabawnon, Tagalog, and English.

Religion

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Main article: Religion in the Philippines

Catholicism

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Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion of this province forming 74% of the province population.[11]

Others

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Other significant religious minorities include Protestants which form 15% of the province population[12] and Iglesia ni Cristo which form 2% of the province population.[13] Other religions are divided between Sunni Islam and Animism.

Economy

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Poverty incidence of Davao de Oro

10
20
30
40
2006
37.73
2009
36.64
2012
36.70
2015
26.67
2018
25.16
2021
17.70

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

Davao de Oro was billed as the second richest province in the Philippines by the Commission on Audit by year 2017.[22] That year, its provincial government posted a record high of ₱18.75 billion worth of assets, the largest in whole Mindanao.[23] As of 2019, with an increase of ₱20.099 billion worth of assets, it remains the richest province in Mindanao.[24] The economic drive which brought the province to this status was caused by numerous business establishments, banana plantations, and vast gold and silver mines across the province, further augmented with its up-to-date transportation infrastructure.

The province possesses one of the largest gold deposits in the Philippines, with 10 out of its 11 towns having one or more gold mines,[25] the largest of which is at Mt. Diwalwal in the town of Monkayo. The town of Nabunturan, the provincial capital, is also home to the biggest gold ring in the Philippines, "The Solidarity Ring."

The main sources of livelihood in the province are agricultural products such as rice, coconut, cacao, coffee, papaya, mango, pineapple, durian and banana. Some residents in the province have fishponds and culture their own fish like tilapia and milkfish.

Government

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Davao de Oro is headed by its governor as the chief executive. The vice governor is the presiding officer of the Davao de Oro Provincial Board, the province's legislature. Each municipality elects its own mayor, and a vice mayor presiding its Sangguniang Bayan.

The province is represented by two representatives in the House of Representatives of the Philippines, each coming from a congressional district.

The province's Regional Trial Court meets in Nabunturan. It has one branch under the Eleventh Judicial Region.

References

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  1. ^ "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from the original on January 17, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region XI (Davao Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Proposal to change name of ComVal to Davao de Oro nears Senate approval". Manila Bulletin News. Archived from the original on March 29, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  4. ^ "Republic Act No. 8470; An Act Creating the Province of Compostela Valley from the Province of Davao del Norte, and for Other Purposes". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Metro Manila, Philippines: Congress of the Philippines. January 30, 1998. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
  5. ^ "An Act Making the Barrio of New Sabonga in the Municipality of Saug, Province of Davao, As a Part of the Municipality of Compostela of the Same Province". LawPH.com. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
  6. ^ "An Act Dividing the Municipality of Compostela, Province of Davao, into Two Municipalities, One to Retain the Name "Compostela," and the Other to Be Known As the Municipality of Nabunturan". LawPH.com. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
  7. ^ "An Act Creating the Barrio of Santo Niño, Municipality of Compostela, Province of Davao". LawPH.com. Retrieved April 12, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c "Province: Davao de Oro". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved January 8, 2016.
  9. ^ a b Census of Population (2015). "Region XI (Davao Region)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region XI (Davao Region)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
  11. ^ Bueza, Michael. "MAP: Catholicism in the Philippines". Rappler.
  12. ^ "Philippine Church National Summary". philchal.org. Archived from the original on October 26, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  13. ^ Bueza, Michael. "MAP: Iglesia ni Cristo in the Philippines". Rappler.
  14. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
  15. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
  16. ^ "2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
  17. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  18. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  19. ^ "Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
  20. ^ "Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018". Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
  21. ^ "2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 15, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
  22. ^ Joseph Tristan Roxas. "COA: Compostela Valley is 2nd richest province; Zambales, Pampanga enter top 10". GMA News Online. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  23. ^ Cristina E. Alivio. "Comval 2nd richest province in country". SunStar Davao. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  24. ^ Ralph Lawrence G. Llemit. "Davao City, Davao de Oro wealthiest in Mindanao". SunStar Davao. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2021.
  25. ^ Carmencita A. Carillo, Maya M. Padillo. "Discovering more than gold in Compostela Valley". BusinessWorld. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
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