Eduard Guillaume Andreevich Stoeckl (Russian: Эдуард Андреевич Стекль) (1804 – 26 January 1892) was a Russian diplomat best known today for having negotiated the American purchase of Alaska on behalf of the Russian government.[1]
The Baron de Stoeckl | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of Baron de Stoeckl, by Mathew Brady, between 1855 and 1865 | |
| Ambassador of the Russian Empire to the United States | |
| In office 1855–1869 | |
| Preceded by | Alexander Medem |
| Succeeded by | Konstantin Katakazi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Eduard Guillaume Andreevich Stoeckl 1804 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire |
| Died | 26 January 1892 (aged 87–88) Paris, France |
| Spouse |
Eliza Howard
(m. 1856; died 1892) |
| Parent(s) | Andreas von Stoeckl Maria Pisani |
Early life
editEduard was born in 1804 in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, where his father, Andreas von Stoeckl, was serving as an Austrian diplomat. His mother was Maria Pisani (daughter of Nicolas Pisani, Russian dragoman in Constantinople).[2]
Career
edit
From 1844 to 1854, he served as secretary of the Russian Legation at Washington and, from 1849 to 1851, chargé d'affaires of the Russian embassy in Washington, and in 1854 held the post of minister, vacant after death of Aleksandr Bodisko.[3]
Stoeckl established close friendly relations with many American officials and politicians, including the senator and the future Secretary of State William H. Seward, with whom he would later negotiate the Alaska purchase.
Stoeckl advocated the sale of Alaska (then known as Russian America) to the United States, asserting that this would prevent the United Kingdom from seizing the territory in case of war between the two countries and would allow Russia to concentrate its resources on Eastern Siberia, particularly the Amur River area. He also insisted that by doing so, Russia would avoid any future conflict with the United States, viewing further U.S. expansion in North America as inevitable.[4]
Stoeckl signed the Alaska Treaty in March 1867.[5] For successfully carrying out the negotiation, Tsar Alexander II rewarded him with US$25,000 and an annual pension of $6,000.[6]
Due to declining health, Stoeckl resigned in 1869 and was made a Knight of the Order of the White Eagle on 20 April 1869. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, they came to London and lived in the Claridge Hotel on Brook Street, London.[7] He spent the final years of his life in France at 59 Boulevard Malesherbes, Paris where he died in 1892.[7]
Personal life
edit
Like his predecessor as Minister to the United States, Stoeckl married an American woman, Eliza Wetmore Howard (1826–1913), a daughter of lawyer John Howard and Mary Stoddard (née Dwight) Howard of Springfield, Massachusetts,[8] on 2 January 1856.[9][10] Together, they were the parents of:
- Alexandre de Stoeckl (1862–1926), who married heiress Agnes Barron, a daughter of Capt. William Barron and Fanny Louisa Lonergan, in 1892.[11] He was attaché to the Russian Embassy in London, equerry to Grand Duke Michael Mikhailovich, and chamberlain to Emperor Nicholas II.[9]
Stoeckl died in Paris on 26 January 1892. His widow lived at 3 Rue de Logelbach in Paris.[9][12]
Descendants
editThrough his son, he was posthumously a grandfather of Zoia de Stoeckl (b. 1893), who married Alfons Aleksander Koziełł-Poklewski (a grandson of Alfons Koziełł-Poklewski), a member of the Polish nobility.[9] Zoia was a friend of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent.[13]
In fiction
editEduard de Stoeckl is a character in the historical novel Forty-Ninth by Boris Pronsky and Craig Britton.[14]
Bibliography
edit- Marie de Testa & Antoine Gautier, Le diplomate russe Eduard de Stoeckl (ca 1805-1892) et la cession de l'Alaska aux Etats-Unis, in Drogmans et diplomates européens auprès de la Porte ottomane, éditions ISIS, Istanbul, 2003, pp. 463–469.
References
edit- ^ "Зачем продали Аляску". archeonews.ru (in Russian). 2021-03-22. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
- ^ Testa, Marie de; Gautier, Antoine (2003). Drogmans et diplomates européens auprès de la porte ottomane (in French). Isis. p. 463. ISBN 978-975-428-258-0. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ States, United (1855). The Statutes at Large and Treaties of the United States of America from ... Dennis. p. 1107. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Emmerson, Charles (2 March 2010). The Future History of the Arctic. PublicAffairs. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-58648-636-5. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Gershkovich, Evan (30 March 2017). "150 Years After Sale of Alaska, Some Russians Have Second Thoughts". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Cooper, William J. (11 September 2012). We Have the War Upon Us: The Onset of the Civil War, November 1860-April 1861. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-307-96088-7. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ a b Stoeckel, Herbert J. (6 Nov 1949). "How America Got Its Biggest Bargain". Hartford Courant. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Chapin, Charles Wells (1893). Sketches of the Old Inhabitants and Other Citizens of Old Springfield of the Present Century: And Its Historic Mansions of "ye Olden Tyme". Press of Springfield Print. and Binding Company. p. 230. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d Andrews, Charles McLean (1907). The Ancestors and Descendants of Ezekiel Williams of Wethersfield 1608-1907. Case, Lockwood & Brainard Company Print] priv. print. p. 65. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Russell, William Howard (1 September 2008). William Howard Russell's Civil War: Private Diary and Letters, 1861-1862. University of Georgia Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8203-3200-0. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ "The marriage of Baron Alexandre de Stoeckl with Miss Agnes Barron". The Morning Post. 2 Jul 1892. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Adams, Henry (1982). The Letters of Henry Adams. Harvard University Press. pp. 499, 578. ISBN 978-0-674-52686-0. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Lee, Celia (19 October 2015). HRH The Duke of Kent: A Life of Service. eBook Versions. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-84396-351-6. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
- ^ Forty-Ninth. pp. 88–91, 145–157. ISBN 9798201386238.