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Fardisya

Fardisya was a Palestinian Arab hamlet in the Tulkarm Subdistrict, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Tulkarm.

Fardisya
فرديسيا
Etymology: Paradise[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Fardisya (click the buttons)
Fardisya is located in Mandatory Palestine
Fardisya
Fardisya
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°16′41″N 35°00′47″E / 32.27806°N 35.01306°E / 32.27806; 35.01306
Palestine grid151/187
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictTulkarm
Date of depopulationApril 1, 1948
Area
[3]
 • Total
1,092 dunams (1.092 km2 or 270 acres)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total
20[2][3]
Current LocalitiesSha'ar Efraim[4]

It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 1, 1948, under Operation Coastal Clearing, and was mostly destroyed with the exception of a single deserted house.

The village was home to the Desuqi family, descendants of Ibrahim al-Desuqi, an Egyptian Sufi leader who lived in Desouk, Egypt during the 13th century and founded the Desuqiyya order. His descendants migrated to Palestine in 1780, and two of them settled at Fardisya. The Desuqi family are their descendants.[5]

Today the area where the village stood been subsumed into the Arab-Israeli town of Tayibe. The Desuqi family today lives in Taybeh.[5]

History

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Achaelological excavations have recovered ceramics from the Iron Age (c. tenth century BCE), and a sarcophagus from the Roman era.[6][7]

The Crusaders referred to Fardisya as Phardesi.[4] In 1207–08 the Hospitallers received from Lady Juliana of Caesarea the villages of Pharaon (Far´un) and Seingibis (Khirbat Nisf Jubail);[8] Phardesi marked the southern boundary of these lands.[9]

In 1265, Fardisya was among the villages and estates sultan Baibars allocated to his emirs after he had expelled the Crusaders, with the whole of Fardisya given to his emir Saif al-Din Baidaghan al-Rukni.[10]

Potsherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.[7]

Ottoman era

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Fardisa was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Bani Sa'b of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 83, (13 households and 2 bachelors), all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33% various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 5,000 akçe. All the revenues went to a waqf.[4][11]

In 1838, Furdisia was noted as a village in the Beni Sa'ab area, west of Nablus.[12] In 1870, Victor Guérin noted that the village was situated on a hill.[13]

In the 1860s, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Fardisya in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. Al-Ghaba) in the coastal plain, west of the village.[14] The name of Ghabat is Fardisya is preserved in the name of the modern Jewish settlement of Pardesiya.[15]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.[16]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described "a small village near the edge of the hills, remarkable only from a palm growing at it.”[17]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine there were 15 villagers, all Muslim,[18] increasing in the 1931 census to 55 Muslims, in a total of 14 houses.[19]

In the 1945 statistics, Fardisiya had a population of 20 Muslims[2] with a total of 1,092 dunums of land.[3] Of this, a total of 187 dunams were plantations and irrigated land, 388 dunums were for cereals,[20] while 19 dunams were classified as “built-up” areas.[21]

  •  
    Fardisya 1942 1:20,000
  •  
    Fardisya 1945 1:250,000
  •  
    Maqam Esh Sh. Musa, or al-sheikh Masood

1948, aftermath

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The moshav Sha'ar Efraim is close to some of Fardisya's lands.[4]

The Desuqi family and shrine

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The tomb of ash-Sheikh Musa al-Desuqi, the village's sheikh, is located here. He was a descendant of an Egyptian Sufi leader named Ibrahim al-Desuqi (1255-1296), who hailed from Desouk in northern Egypt. Ibrahim al-Desuqi is considered one of the descendants of the Shiite Emir Ja'far al-Sadiq. He founded the Desuqiyya order, one of four main Sufi orders in Egypt, and his tomb remains a site of mass pilgrimage in Egypt. Ibrahim al-Desuqi's descendants arrived in Palestine in 1780, with Musa ad-Dasuqi and his brother Ibrahim settling in Fardisya.[5]

Musa, who is the ancestor of the Dasuqi family still residing in Taybe today, gained a revered status and was buried there. The tomb area became a burial site for members of the Dasuki family. Local belief holds that he safeguards the area, prevents theft, and has the power to heal the sick. According to local tradition, a woman who once slept on a nearby rock became mentally disturbed upon waking up.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 182
  2. ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
  4. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
  5. ^ a b c d Tal, Uri (2023). Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-965-217-452-9.
  6. ^ Massarwa, 2009, Khirbat Fardisya
  7. ^ a b Masarwa, 2008, Khirbat Fardisya
  8. ^ Cart. des Hosp., no. 1251; and Röhricht, 1893, RHH p. 220, no. 819
  9. ^ Pringle, 1986, p. 30
  10. ^ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 82, 209, 249 (map)
  11. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 141
  12. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 128
  13. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 352
  14. ^ Marom, Roy (2022). "The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies, Muse 5". escholarship.org. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  15. ^ Marom, Roy, "The Contribution of Conder's Tent Work in Palestine for the Understanding of Shifting Geographical, Social and Legal Realities in the Sharon during the Late Ottoman Period", in Gurevich D. and Kidron, A. (eds.), Exploring the Holy Land: 150 Years of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Sheffield, UK, Equinox (2019), pp. 212-231
  16. ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 255.
  17. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 164
  18. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 27
  19. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 54
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 125
  21. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 175

Bibliography

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