Fumarioideae

Fumarioideae is a subfamily of the family Papaveraceae (the poppy family). It was formerly treated as a separate family, the Fumariaceae (the fumitory, fumewort or bleeding-heart family). It consists of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 20 genera, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa. The largest genus is Corydalis (with 470 species).

Fumarioideae
Fumaria muralis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Papaveraceae
Subfamily:	Fumarioideae Eaton

Description

Flower shape

Plants in the fumitory subfamily are easily recognised by their peculiar flowers with two dissimilar pairs of petals. One or both of the outer petals is usually spurred, and the inner petals are connected at tip.

There are two types of flowers. A given genus has one type or the other. Dicentra has flowers with two planes of symmetry, and Corydalis has flowers with one plane of symmetry (zygomorphic).

Leaves

Most species have compound leaves.

Taxonomy

The APG IV system of 2016 (unchanged from the earlier 1998 APG system, the 2003 APG II system, and the APG III system of 2009) includes the former family Fumariaceae within the Papaveraceae. The APG II system provided for its optional segregation as a separate family, but this option is not provided in the current APG IV system or the APG III system.

Genera

There are 20 genera:

Hypecoum (18 species) Lamprocapnos (1) Ichtyoselmis (1) Ehrendorferia (2) Adlumia (2) Capnoides (1) Ceratocapnos (3) Corydalis (470) Cryptocapnos (1) Cysticapnos (4)

Dactylicapnos (13) Dicentra (8) Discocapnos (1) Fumaria (50) Fumariola (1) Platycapnos (3) Pseudofumaria (2) Rupicapnos (7) Sarcocapnos (5) Trigonocapnos (1)

• †Potomacapnos

See also

• Bicuculline, a toxin found in plans of this subfamily

External links

• Fumariaceae Archived 2006-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, Hypecoaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 3 May 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/.
• Flora of North America
• Flora of Pakistan
• Hypecoaceae of Mongolia in FloraGREIF Archived 2014-07-29 at the Wayback Machine