Goykānaḍī or Kandavī[2] is a Brahmic script that was once used in the territory of Goa to write Konkani and sometimes Marathi in the Konkan coast. Similarly, it was used by the trading Saraswat and Daivajna families along with the Modi script to maintain their accounts.[2][3][4]
| Goykānaḍī script Kandavī script | |
|---|---|
 Right side text is Goykanadi | |
| Script type | |
Time period | 6th century - 17th century |
| Languages | Konkani, Marathi |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
Overview
editGoykanadi was used in Goa since the times of the Kadambas, although it lost its popularity after the 17th century. Goykanadi is very different from the Old Kannada script, with strikingly similar features.[5] Unlike Old Kannada, Kandevi/Goykanadi letters were usually written with a distinctive horizontal bar, like the Nagari scripts. This script may have been evolved out of the Kadamba script, which was extensively used in Goa and Konkan.[4]
Usage and extinction
editThe inquisition of Goa is seen as a blot in the history of the Konkani language. According to the orders of the Goa inquisition it was an offence to remain in possession of books in the local languages. All books, whatever their subject matter, written in Konkani, Marathi and Sanskrit were seized by the inquisition and burnt on the suspicion that they might deal with idolatry. It is probable that valuable non-religious literature dealing with art, literature, sciences, etc., were destroyed indiscriminately as a consequence. For instance, even before the inquisition orders in a letter dated 24 November 1548, D Fr Joao de Albuquerque proudly reports his achievement in this direction.[6]
Many Konkani manuscripts which are now found in museums in Portugal are Roman transliterations of Kandavi manuscripts of Hindu epics.[7][8] The earliest document written in this script is found in a petition addressed by Ravala Śeṭī, a Gaunkar of Caraim in the islands of Goa, to the king of Portugal. This 15th-century document bears a signature in Konkani which says: Ravala Śeṭī baraha (Translation: writing of Ravala Sethi).[4] It is believed that most of the pre-Portuguese documents and books in Kandavi were burnt by the Portuguese missionaries.[6]
References
edit- ^ "Goykanadi script".
- ^ a b National Archives of India (1985). Indian archives, Volume 34. National Archives of India. p. 4.
- ^ Silva, Severine (1963). Toponomy of Canara. Popular Prakashan. p. 12.
- ^ a b c Ghantkar, Gajanana (1993). History of Goa through Gõykanadi script (in English, Konkani, Marathi, and Kannada). pp. Page x.
- ^ Indian archives. Vol. 34. National Archives of India. p. 1985.
- ^ a b Saradesāya, Manohararāya (2000). A history of Konkani literature: from 1500 to 1992. Sahitya Akademi. p. 317. ISBN 9788172016647.
- ^ Bhembre, Uday (September 2009). Konkani bhashetalo paylo sahityakar:Krishnadas Shama. Sunaparant Goa. pp. 55–57.
- ^ South Asian language review, Volumes 1-2. Creative Publishers. 1991. p. 12.
Works cited
edit- Salomon, Richard (1999), Indian Epigraphy: A Guide to the Study of Inscriptions in Sanskrit, Prakrit, and the other Indo-Aryan Languages, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195099842, OCLC 473618522