IGHE

Ig epsilon chain C region is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGHE gene.

IGHE
Identifiers
Aliases	IGHE, IgE, immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon
External IDs	OMIM: 147180; GeneCards: IGHE; OMA:IGHE - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human) Band 14q32.33 Start 105,597,691 bp End 105,601,728 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle bone marrow cells mucosa of transverse colon appendix spleen gonad granulocyte lymph node blood thyroid gland n/a More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3497 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000211891 n/a UniProt n a n/a RefSeq (mRNA) n/a n/a RefSeq (protein) n/a n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 105.6 – 105.6 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

IGHE (Immunoglobulin Heavy constant Epsilon), (located on chromosome 14 for humans) has been predicted to enable antigen binding activity and immunoglobulin receptor binding activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including activation of immune response; defense response to other organism; and phagocytosis. IGHE has also been predicted to be located in extracellular region, a part of immunoglobulin complex, circulating, and active in external side of plasma membrane.

Structure

• IGHE (immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon): The gene that encodes the ε heavy chain constant region for the IgE antibody. This gene is critical for the production and function of IgE in the body. The IGHE gene provides instructions for making a part of an antibody (immunoglobulin) called Immunoglobulin E, or IgE.
• IGHE is a type of functioning gene, with four Ig domains, member of the IGH constant gene cluster (component on the cluster), forming an homodimer of two E heavy chains bound by two disulfide bonds, each heavy chain is bound to a light chain (kappa or lambda), the N terminus of the heavy chain is bound to a V segment.

Allergies

Immunoglobulins also known as antibodies, are glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the immune response by specifically recognizing and binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or viruses, and aiding in their destruction. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) are antibodies produced by the immune system.

Each type of IgE has specific "radar" for each type of allergen. That's why some people are only allergic to cat dander (they only have the IgE antibodies specific to cat dander); while others have allergic reactions to multiple allergens because they have many more types of IgE antibodies.

IgE-mediated food allergies is when the immune system reacts abnormally when exposed to one or more specific foods such as milk, egg, wheat or nuts. All of these foods can trigger anaphylaxis (a severe, whole-body allergic reaction) in patients who are allergic. Individuals with this type of food allergy will react quickly — within a few minutes to a few hours. Immediate reactions are caused by an allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody that floats around in the blood stream. Another useful tool in diagnosing and managing food allergies is blood testing, called allergen-specific IgE testing. This test measures the level of antibody produced in the blood in response to a food allergen.

Further reading

• Venkitaraman AR, Williams GT, Dariavach P, Neuberger MS (August 1991). "The B-cell antigen receptor of the five immunoglobulin classes". Nature. 352 (6338): 777–781. Bibcode:1991Natur.352..777V. doi:10.1038/352777a0. PMID 1881434. S2CID 4246284.
• Padlan EA, Davies DR (October 1986). "A model of the Fc of immunoglobulin E". Molecular Immunology. 23 (10): 1063–1075. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(86)90005-2. PMID 3796618.
• Flanagan JG, Rabbitts TH (1984). "The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes". The EMBO Journal. 1 (5): 655–660. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01223.x. PMC 553102. PMID 6234164.
• Max EE, Battey J, Ney R, Kirsch IR, Leder P (June 1982). "Duplication and deletion in the human immunoglobulin epsilon genes". Cell. 29 (2): 691–699. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90185-4. PMID 6288268. S2CID 54345379.
• Ellison J, Buxbaum J, Hood L (1983). "Nucleotide sequence of a human immunoglobulin C gamma 4 gene". DNA. 1 (1): 11–18. doi:10.1089/dna.1.1981.1.11. PMID 6299662.
• Seno M, Kurokawa T, Ono Y, Onda H, Sasada R, Igarashi K, et al. (February 1983). "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of human immunoglobulin epsilon chain cDNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 11 (3): 719–726. doi:10.1093/nar/11.3.719. PMC 325748. PMID 6300763.
• Ueda S, Nakai S, Nishida Y, Hisajima H, Honjo T (1984). "Long terminal repeat-like elements flank a human immunoglobulin epsilon pseudogene that lacks introns". The EMBO Journal. 1 (12): 1539–1544. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1982.tb01352.x. PMC 553248. PMID 6327276.
• Hisajima H, Nishida Y, Nakai S, Takahashi N, Ueda S, Honjo T (May 1983). "Structure of the human immunoglobulin C epsilon 2 gene, a truncated pseudogene: implications for its evolutionary origin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 80 (10): 2995–2999. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.10.2995. PMC 393960. PMID 6407005.
• Flanagan JG, Lefranc MP, Rabbitts TH (March 1984). "Mechanisms of divergence and convergence of the human immunoglobulin alpha 1 and alpha 2 constant region gene sequences". Cell. 36 (3): 681–688. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90348-9. PMID 6421489. S2CID 54312675.
• Ellison J, Hood L (March 1982). "Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 79 (6): 1984–1988. Bibcode:1982PNAS...79.1984E. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.6.1984. PMC 346106. PMID 6804948.
• Kenten JH, Molgaard HV, Houghton M, Derbyshire RB, Viney J, Bell LO, Gould HJ (November 1982). "Cloning and sequence determination of the gene for the human immunoglobulin epsilon chain expressed in a myeloma cell line". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 79 (21): 6661–6665. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.21.6661. PMC 347188. PMID 6815656.
• Valenta R, Natter S, Seiberler S, Wichlas S, Maurer D, Hess M, et al. (December 1998). "Molecular characterization of an autoallergen, Hom s 1, identified by serum IgE from atopic dermatitis patients". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 111 (6): 1178–1183. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.1998.00413.x. PMID 9856836.
• Anderson GG, Leaves NI, Bhattacharyya S, Zhang Y, Walshe V, Broxholme J, et al. (April 2002). "Positive association to IgE levels and a physical map of the 13q14 atopy locus". European Journal of Human Genetics. 10 (4): 266–270. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200801. PMID 12032735.
• Cocco RR, Järvinen KM, Sampson HA, Beyer K (August 2003). "Mutational analysis of major, sequential IgE-binding epitopes in alpha s1-casein, a major cow's milk allergen". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 112 (2): 433–437. doi:10.1067/mai.2003.1617. PMID 12897753.
• Hajoui O, Janani R, Tulic M, Joubert P, Ronis T, Hamid Q, et al. (September 2004). "Synthesis of IL-13 by human B lymphocytes: regulation and role in IgE production". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 114 (3): 657–663. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.034. PMID 15356573.
• Takhar P, Smurthwaite L, Coker HA, Fear DJ, Banfield GK, Carr VA, et al. (April 2005). "Allergen drives class switching to IgE in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis". Journal of Immunology. 174 (8): 5024–5032. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.5024. PMID 15814733.
• Batra J, Rajpoot R, Ahluwalia J, Devarapu SK, Sharma SK, Dinda AK, Ghosh B (June 2007). "A hexanucleotide repeat upstream of eotaxin gene promoter is associated with asthma, serum total IgE and plasma eotaxin levels". Journal of Medical Genetics. 44 (6): 397–403. doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.046607. PMC 2740889. PMID 17220216.