Imepitoin

Imepitoin
Clinical data
Trade names	Pexion
Other names	AWD 131-138; ELB-138
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATCvet code	QN03AX90 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-morpholin-4-yl-4H-imidazol-2-one;
CAS Number	188116-07-6;
PubChem CID	3083511;
ChemSpider	2340703;
UNII	19V39682LI;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL204240;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID50172160 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.220.751
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C13H14ClN3O2
Molar mass	279.72 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C1COCCN1C2=NC(=O)N(C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl;
	InChI InChI=1S/C13H14ClN3O2/c14-10-1-3-11(4-2-10)17-9-12(15-13(17)18)16-5-7-19-8-6-16/h1-4H,5-9H2; Key:IQHYCZKIFIHTAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N;

Imepitoin (INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name), sold under the brand name Pexion, is an anticonvulsant which is used in veterinary medicine in Europe to treat epilepsy in dogs.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] It was recently^[when?] approved in the United States.^[2]^[3]^[4] The drug also has anxiolytic effects.^[1]^[2] It was originally developed to treat epilepsy in humans, but clinical trials were terminated upon findings of unfavorable metabolic differences in smokers and non-smokers.^[1]^[2]

Imepitoin acts as a low-affinity (4,350–5,140 nM; relative to K_i = 6.8 nM for diazepam and K_i = 1.7 nM for clonazepam) partial agonist of the benzodiazepine site of the GABA_A receptor (up to 12–21% of the maximal potentiation of diazepam, a full agonist of this site).^[1] It is the first partial agonist to be approved for the treatment of epilepsy.^[1] The drug also dose-dependently blocks voltage-gated calcium channels.^[3] It is not a benzodiazepine; instead, it is an imidazolone, and bears some structural similarities to hydantoin anticonvulsants like ethotoin and phenytoin.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Rundfeldt C, Löscher W (2014). "The pharmacology of imepitoin: the first partial benzodiazepine receptor agonist developed for the treatment of epilepsy". CNS Drugs. 28 (1): 29–43. doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0129-z. PMID 24357084. S2CID 31627280.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sanders S (29 April 2015). "Antiseizure Medications". Seizures in Dogs and Cats. Wiley. pp. 209–. ISBN 978-1-118-68970-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c Thomas WB, Dewey CW (8 September 2015). "Seizures and Narcolepsy". In Dewey CW, da Costa RC (eds.). Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology. Wiley. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-119-06204-2.
^ ^a ^b "Imepitoin". drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2019-06-17. Retrieved 2017-09-17.

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