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Jammala

Jammala (Arabic: جمّالا) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 18 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,664 inhabitants in 2017.[2]

Jammala
Municipality type C
Arabic transcription(s)
 • Arabicجمّالا
Jammala behind, up on the hill. Bil'in and Kafr Ni'ma in the front.
Jammala behind, up on the hill. Bil'in and Kafr Ni'ma in the front.
Jammala is located in State of Palestine
Jammala
Jammala
Location of Jammala within Palestine
Coordinates: 31°58′29″N 35°05′30″E / 31.97472°N 35.09167°E / 31.97472; 35.09167
Palestine grid158/153
StateState of Palestine
GovernorateRamallah and al-Bireh
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
Elevation
[1]
531 m (1,742 ft)
Population
 (2017)[2]
 • Total1,664
Name meaningJemmala[3]

Jammala, together with Beitillu and Deir 'Ammar, form the new town of Al-Ittihad.[1]

Location of Al-Ittihad

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Al-Itihad is located 12.5 kilometers (7.8 mi) northwest of Ramallah. Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh lands to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al, Deir Nidham and 'Abud lands to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to the west, and Ras Karkar, Kharbatha Bani Harith, Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya villages to the south.[1]

History

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Potsherds from the Hellenistic,[4] Roman[4] and Byzantine[4][5] eras have been found at Jammala. Jammala might be the same as Caphar Gamala, a place mentioned in the Luciani Epistola. The "Tomb of Gamiliel" was supposedly discovered here in 415 CE.[6]

It has been suggested that this was Gemmail, mentioned in Frankish sources,[7] but archeological evidence does not support this.[4]

Ottoman era

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Jammala was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the nahiya of Al-Quds in the liwa of Al-Quds. It had a population of 22 household; who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 11,000 akçe.[8] Potsherd from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.[4]

In 1838 Jemmala was noted as Muslim village in the Beni Harith district, north of Jerusalem.[9]

In May, 1870, Victor Guérin found the village, which he called Djemmala, to have 350 inhabitants. He further noted that some houses were constructed of stones, which by their size and regularity "spoke of ancient times".[10] An Ottoman village list from about the same year, 1870, found that the village, called Dschemali, had a population of 246, in a total of 36 houses, though the population count included men, only.[11][12]

In 1882, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Jemmala as: "a very small village, with a little mosque on high ground."[13]

In 1896 the population of Dschemali was estimated to be about 312 persons.[14]

British Mandate era

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In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jammala had a population of 119 Muslims,[15] increasing in the 1931 census to 164 Muslims, in 53 houses.[16]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Jammala was 200 Muslims,[17] while the total land area was 7,170 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[18] Of this, 1,946 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,032 for cereals,[19] while 19 dunams were classified as built-up areas.[20]

  •  
    Jammala 1944 1:20,000
  •  
    Jammala 1945 1:250,000

Jordanian era

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In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jammala came under Jordanian rule.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 322 inhabitants in Jammala.[21]

1967-present

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Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jammala has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 268, of whom 15 originated from the Israeli territory.[22]

After the 1995 accords, 41.2% of Al-Ittihad land is defined as Area B land, while the remaining 58.8% is defined as Area C. Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements: Nahl'iel, Na'aleh, Talmon and Hallamish.[23]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar), ARIJ, pp. 4-5
  2. ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  3. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 229
  4. ^ a b c d e Finkelstein et al 1997, p. 214
  5. ^ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 829–830
  6. ^ Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). "Gazetteer of Roman Palestine". Qedem. 5: 46. ISSN 0333-5844.
  7. ^ Röhricht, 1887, p. 213
  8. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114
  9. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2nd Appendix, p. 124
  10. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 82
  11. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 153. It was also noted to be in the Beni Harit district
  12. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 126, also noted 36 houses
  13. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 294
  14. ^ Schick, 1896, pp. 122, 124
  15. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p. 16
  16. ^ Mills, 1932, p.49
  17. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 26
  18. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 64
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 112
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 162
  21. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 24 It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a mukhtar.
  22. ^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  23. ^ Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar), ARIJ, pp. 16-17

Bibliography

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