Kenneth Spicer Wherry (February 28, 1892 – November 29, 1951) was an American businessman, attorney, and politician.[1] A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. senator from Nebraska from 1943 until his death in 1951; he was the minority leader for the last two years.
Kenneth Wherry | |
|---|---|
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| Senate Minority Leader | |
| In office January 3, 1949 – November 29, 1951 | |
| Deputy | Leverett Saltonstall |
| Preceded by | Alben W. Barkley |
| Succeeded by | Styles Bridges |
| Leader of the Senate Republican Conference | |
| In office January 3, 1949 – November 29, 1951 | |
| Deputy | Leverett Saltonstall |
| Preceded by | Wallace H. White |
| Succeeded by | Styles Bridges |
| Senate Majority Whip | |
| In office January 3, 1947 – January 3, 1949 | |
| Leader | Wallace H. White |
| Preceded by | J. Lister Hill |
| Succeeded by | Francis J. Myers |
| Senate Minority Whip | |
| In office January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1947 | |
| Leader | Charles L. McNary Wallace H. White |
| Preceded by | Felix Hebert (1935) |
| Succeeded by | Scott W. Lucas |
| United States Senator from Nebraska | |
| In office January 3, 1943 – November 29, 1951 | |
| Preceded by | George W. Norris |
| Succeeded by | Fred Seaton |
| Personal details | |
| Born | February 28, 1892 Liberty, Nebraska, U.S. |
| Died | November 29, 1951 (aged 59) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Marjorie Colwell |
| Children | 1 son 1 daughter |
| Education | University of Nebraska, Lincoln (BA) Harvard University |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  United States Navy |
| Years of service | 1917–1918 |
| Unit | Flying Corps |
| Battles/wars | World War I |
Early life
editWherry was the third of five children born in Liberty, Nebraska, to David Emery and Jessie (née Comstock) Wherry.[2] He received his early education at public schools in Pawnee City, and graduated from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity) in 1914.[3] From 1915 to 1916, he studied business administration at Harvard Business School.[2] During World War I, he served in the U.S. Navy Flying Corps (1917–18).[4]
Following his military service, Wherry began a business career selling automobiles, furniture, and livestock; he was also a licensed undertaker with offices in Nebraska and Kansas.[2] He also studied law and, after being admitted to the bar, entered private practice in Pawnee City.[4]
Political career
editWherry entered politics as a member of Pawnee City's city council, serving in 1927 and 1929.[3] He was the mayor from 1929 to 1931, simultaneously serving as a member of the state senate from 1929 to 1932.[3] Wherry was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for governor in 1932 and for U.S. Senator in 1934.[2]
In 1938, Wherry was again elected mayor of Pawnee City, serving until he left for Washington and the U.S. Senate.[3] He was chairman of the Nebraska Republican Party from 1939 to 1942, and Western Director for the Republican National Committee from 1941 to 1942.[4]
U.S. Senator
editIn 1942, Wherry was elected to the U.S. Senate, unseating incumbent George W. Norris. He was reelected in 1948 and served until his death. He served as Republican whip from 1944 to 1949 and minority leader from 1949 to 1951. He was also one of the few postwar politicos to see the plight of the defeated Germans. "The American people should know once and for all that as a result of this government’s official policy they are being made...accomplices in the crime of mass starvation...Germany is the only nation subjected to a deliberate starvation policy..."
In 1945, Wherry was among the seven senators who opposed full U.S. entry into the United Nations.[5]
Wherry also backed, with Senator Homer Capehart of Indiana, legislation for building military family housing in the post-World War II era, when there were critical shortages of such housing.
Wherry represented the isolationist views of his large German-American constituency. He intensely opposed international activities by the federal government, including entry into World War II, the Cold War, and the Korea War. He vigorously opposed any loans or aid to Europe. He did not believe that the Soviet Union threatened Nebraska's interests, and he strongly opposed the Truman Doctrine, and NATO. Wherry believed that it made no sense to oppose communism by supporting the socialist governments in Western Europe; and that American goods would reach Russia and increase its war potential.
Wherry was the unsuccessful leader in the fight to block the Marshall Plan in Congress in early 1948. Congress, under the control of Republicans, agreed to the Marshall Plan and its funding for multiple reasons. The 20-member conservative isolationist wing of the party was led by Wherry. Wherry and his men argued that it would be a wasteful "operation rat-hole." He was outmaneuvered by the internationalist wing, led by Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg. Vandenberg admitted there was no certainty that the plan would succeed, but said it would halt economic chaos, sustain Western civilization, and stop further Soviet expansion. Senator Robert A. Taft, the most prominent conservative, hedged on the issue. He said it was without economic justification; however it was "absolutely necessary" in "the world battle against communism." In the end, only 17 senators voted against the Marshall Plan on March 13, 1948.[6]
Whatever the issue, Wherry could be counted on as a strong opponent of the presidency of Harry Truman.[7]
In 1950, Robert A. Taft's Fair Employment Practice Committee bill was filibustered in the U.S. Senate. Wherry joined most Republicans in supporting cloture,[8] although cloture was not invoked.
Wherry was strongly opposed to homosexuals serving the US government. In 1950, he asked his Senate colleagues "can [you] think of a person who could be more dangerous to the United States of America than a pervert?"[9] In a 1950 interview, he told Max Lerner that "You can't hardly separate homosexuals from subversives" and "But look Lerner, we're both Americans, aren't we? I say, let's get these fellows [closeted gay men in government positions] out of the government."[10]
He publicized his fear that Adolf Hitler had given Joseph Stalin a list of closeted homosexuals in government, which he believed Stalin would use to blackmail these same homosexuals into becoming Soviet spies.[11] In the spring of 1950, Wherry joined Senator Lister Hill, a Democrat from Alabama, in a congressional investigation of homosexuals in government, particularly the Department of State. He was particularly concerned with communist influence, saying "Only the most naïve could believe that the Communists' fifth column in the United States would neglect to propagate and use homosexuals to gain their treacherous ends."[12]
Buchenwald concentration camp
editOn April 11, 1945, US forces liberated the Buchenwald concentration camp, which was established in 1937 and caused the deaths of at least 56,545 people. General Eisenhower left rotting corpses unburied so a visiting group of U.S. legislators could truly understand the horror of the atrocities. This group was visiting Buchenwald to inspect the camp and learn firsthand about the enormity of the Nazi Final Solution and treatment of other prisoners. Wherry visited the camp along with Alben W. Barkley, Ed Izac, John M. Vorys, Dewey Short, C. Wayland Brooks, General Omar N. Bradley, and journalists Joseph Pulitzer, Norman Chandler, William I. Nichols and Julius Ochs Adler.[13][14]
Death
editWherry died in Washington in 1951 at age 59, while serving as Republican Floor Leader. Recovering from abdominal surgery a few weeks earlier, he felt ill and was admitted to George Washington University Hospital and died of pneumonia several hours later.[1]
The fifteenth Senate term for Nebraska's Class 2 seat, from January 3, 1949, to January 3, 1955, was unusual in that it saw six senators occupy the seat, beginning with Wherry.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "GOP 'wheel' Wherry succumbs at 59". Lewiston Morning Tribune. (Idaho). Associated Press. November 30, 1951. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d "Kenneth S. Wherry". Nebraska State Historical Society. Archived from the original on January 30, 2007.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b c d "WHERRY, Kenneth Spicer, (1892 - 1951)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- ^ a b c "Kenneth S. Wherry". Pawnee County History.
- ^ "UNO Bill Approved By Senate, 65 to 7, With One Change". The New York Times. December 4, 1945. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
- ^ John C. Campbell, The United States in World affairs: 1947-1948 (1948) pp 500-505; quotes on pages 504, 505.
- ^ Bernard Lemelin, "Isolationist Voices in the Truman Era: Nebraska Senators Hugh Butler and Kenneth Wherry." Great Plains Quarterly 37.2 (2017): 83-109.
- ^ S 1728. PROHIBIT DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT BECAUSE OF RACE, COLOR, RELIGION OR NATIONAL ORIGIN. MOTION FOR CLOTURE.. GovTrack.us. Retrieved September 12, 2021.
- ^ Johnson, David K. (22 March 2023). The Lavender Scare. The University of Chicago Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0226825724. OCLC 52197376.
- ^ Lerner, Max, The Unfinished Country: A Book of American Symbols Simon and Schuster, 1959 pp 313–316
- ^ Von Hoffman, Nicholas, Citizen Cohn Doubleday, 1988, pp 130
- ^ Adkins, Judith (2016), "'These People Are Frightened to Death': Congressional Investigations and the Lavender Scare", Prologue, 48 (2), National Archives
- ^ Stromer, Marvin E. (1969), The Making of a Political Leader: Kenneth S. Wherry and the United States Senate, University of Nebraska Press, pp. 136–137
- ^ "American Congressmen and reporters visit Buchenwald, April 24, 1945". www.scrapbookpages.com. Archived from the original on 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2019-09-13.
External links
edit- United States Congress. "Kenneth S. Wherry (id: W000344)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Kenneth S. Wherry papers[usurped] at Nebraska State Historical Society
- "Fundamentalist Republican", obituary from Time
- Nebraska State Historical Society[usurped] – Kenneth S. Wherry, 1892-1951
- Kenneth S. Wherry at Find a Grave