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Kidd-class destroyer

The Kidd-class destroyers were a series of four guided-missile destroyers (DDGs) based on the Spruance class. In contrast to their predecessor's focus on anti-submarine warfare, the Kidds were designed as more advanced multipurpose ships with the addition of considerably enhanced anti-aircraft capabilities.[3] Originally ordered for the former Imperial Iranian Navy, the contracts were canceled when the 1979 Iranian Revolution began, and the ships were completed for the United States Navy. They were decommissioned in 1999 and sold to Taiwan, where they have served in the Republic of China Navy as the Kee Lung class since 2005.

USS Scott on 21 March 1986
Class overview
NameKidd-class destroyer[1]
BuildersIngalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi
Operators
Preceded bySpruance class
Succeeded byArleigh Burke class
SubclassesKee Lung class
Built1978–1982
In commission
Completed4
Active4 (Taiwan)
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile destroyer
Displacement
  • Light: 7,289 t (7,174 long tons; 8,035 short tons)
  • Full: 9,783 t (9,628 long tons; 10,784 short tons)
  • Dead Weight: 2,494 t (2,455 long tons; 2,749 short tons)
Length563 ft (172 m)
Beam55 ft (17 m)
Draught31.5 ft (9.6 m)
Propulsion4 × General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, 2 shafts, 80,000 shp (60 MW)
Speed33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Range
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
  • 3,300 nautical miles (6,100 km; 3,800 mi) at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Complement28 officers; 320 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried1 SH-3 helicopter or 2 SH-2 Seasprite LAMPS helicopters
Aviation facilitiesFlight deck and enclosed hangar for up to two medium-lift helicopters

History

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These destroyers were originally ordered by the last Shah of Iran for service in the Persian Gulf in an air defence role around 1973/74. The original order of six ships was tentatively assigned hull numbers DD 993–998 by the U.S. Navy but it was reduced to four ships after U.S. Congress declined to halt the original production run of 30 Spruance ships. Compared to the preceding Spruance class, they retained the former's anti-submarine capabilities while adding two Tartar-D missile launchers for the Mark 26/Standard anti-aircraft missile system. In order to operate more effectively in the Middle East, they also had four air conditioning plants to the Spruances' three, additional dust separators on their gas turbines' air intakes, and increased water distillation capacity. The Shah was overthrown in the Iranian Revolution, prior to Iran accepting delivery of the ships, causing the United States Navy to integrate the vessels into its own fleet in 1981–82 as the Kidd class.[4]

 
USS Kidd and USS Peterson.

On 3 February 1979, the Iranian government canceled the second two ships in the class, signing a memorandum of understanding indicating that they were available for acquisition by the U.S. Navy. On 21 February. 1979, the Iranian Prime Minister notified the U.S. government that Iran intended to terminate the contract of the first two ships, officially cancelling delivery on 8 March 1979.[5]

Each ship in the class was named after a U.S. Navy Admiral who had died in combat in the Pacific in World War II:

Because they were equipped with heavy-duty air conditioning and other features that made them suitable in hot climates, they tended to be used in the Middle East, specifically the Persian Gulf itself.[4] During their service with the U.S. Navy from the 1980s to the late 1990s, the ships were popularly known as the "Ayatollah" class.[6]

In 1988–90, the Kidds received the "New Threat Upgrade", which allowed cooperative engagement with Aegis Ticonderoga-class cruisers, enabling the cruisers to control the Kidds' surface-to-air missiles in flight while the destroyers remained electronically silent. However, the arrival of the Aegis-equipped Arleigh Burke-class destroyers led to the accelerated retirement of the Kidd class.[4][7]

All four ships were decommissioned from the U.S. Navy in the late 1990s and were initially offered for sale to Australia in 1997 for A$30 million each.[8] The Royal Australian Navy was a strong supporter of buying the Kidd-class destroyers to replace the Perth class as their air warfare ships.[9] In 1999, the offer was rejected, based on extensive problems the Royal Australian Navy had encountered during the acquisition of two surplus Newport-class tank landing ships from the U.S. Navy in 1994.[8] In the early 1990s the Labor government of Paul Keating chose to maintain the Royal Australian Navy's existing Adelaide-class frigates instead of replacing them with the more expensive and much more labour-intensive, but more capable Kidd-class destroyers. Under the succeeding Liberal government of John Howard, in the mid-1990s they commenced the SEA 1390, also known as the FFG Upgrade Project, to improve the Adelaide frigates' capabilities; however, this project ran over costs and was behind schedule.[10][11]

After the Australian refusal, the four ships were offered to Greece, which also refused.[8]

Sale and reactivation

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ROCS Ma Kung in 25 August 2018
Class overview
NameKee Lung-class destroyer[12]
BuildersIngalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula, Mississippi
Operators
Preceded bySpruance class
Succeeded byArleigh Burke class
Built1978–1982
In commission
Completed4
Active4 (Taiwan)
General characteristics
TypeGuided-missile destroyer
Displacement
  • Light: 6,950 t (6,840 long tons; 7,660 short tons)
  • Full: 9,574 t (9,423 long tons; 10,554 short tons)
  • Dead Weight: 2,624 t (2,583 long tons; 2,892 short tons)
Length563 ft (172 m)
Beam55 ft (17 m)
Draught33.1 ft (10.1 m)[13]
Propulsion4 × General Electric LM2500 gas turbines, 2 shafts, 80,000 shp (60 MW)
Speed33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph)
Range
  • 6,000 nautical miles (11,000 km; 6,900 mi) at 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph)
  • 3,300 nautical miles (6,100 km; 3,800 mi) at 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph)
Complement31 officers; 363 enlisted
Sensors and
processing systems
Electronic warfare
& decoys
Armament
Aircraft carried1 or 2 Sikorsky S-70C(M) helicopter(s)[a]
Aviation facilitiesFlight deck and enclosed hangar for up to one medium-lift helicopter

In 2001, the U.S. authorized the reactivation and sale of all four ships to Taiwan (Republic of China). All four have been transferred to the Republic of China Navy under the Kuang Hua VII program. They were sold for a total price of US$732 million with upgraded hardware, overhaul, activation, and training, and included a reduced missile loadout of 148 SM-2 Block IIIA and 32 RGM-84L Block II Harpoon anti-ship missiles.[15] The reactivation was done in Charleston, South Carolina, by VSE/BAV.[16]

Kee Lung-class destroyers

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The first two ships, ex-Scott and ex-Callaghan, arrived at Su-ao, a military port in eastern Taiwan, in December 2005, and were named Kee Lung and Su Ao in a commissioning ceremony on 17 December 2005. Following the tradition of ship class naming, ROCN has referred to these vessels as Kee Lung-class destroyers, with the ships named after military ports in Taiwan. The remaining two units, ex-Kidd and ex-Chandler, were delivered in 2006, and named Tso Ying and Ma Kong, respectively.

The opposition-led Legislature Yuan originally allocated only enough money to purchase half of the SM-2 missiles that the destroyers can carry; a further purchase of 100 supplemental SM-2MRs was included in the 2007 annual budget to ensure all four ships had a full load of SM-2.

By end of 2008, Su Ao was spotted to have eight HF-3 AShMs installed in place of eight Harpoon AShMs.[17] It has been speculated from 2014 on that a navalized Sky Bow missile system, currently planned for an upcoming shipbuilding programme that involves the procurement of up to 15 general purpose frigates and three or four air defense destroyers,[18][19] will also be replacing the Standard Missile system on these vessels. No plan for any Mk 26-compatible version of the Sky Bow III missile is ever known to have existed.

Ships in class

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Ships of the Kidd destroyer class
Name Hull no. Crest Builder Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned Status
Kidd DDG-993   Ingalls Shipbuilding 26 June 1978 11 August 1979 27 March 1981 12 March 1998 Sold to Taiwan, 30 May 2003; commissioned as ROCS Tso Ying (DDG-1803)
Callaghan DDG-994   23 October 1978 1 December 1979 29 August 1981 31 March 1998 Sold to Taiwan, 30 May 2003; commissioned as ROCS Su Ao (DDG-1802)
Scott DDG-995   12 February 1979 1 March 1980 24 October 1981 10 December 1998 Sold to Taiwan, 30 May 2003; commissioned as ROCS Kee Lung (DDG-1801)
Chandler DDG-996   7 May 1979 28 June 1980 13 March 1982 23 September 1999 Sold to Taiwan, 30 May 2003; commissioned as ROCS Ma Kong (DDG-1805)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "DDG-993 KIDD-class". Global Security. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  2. ^ Jordan, John (1986). An illustrated guide to modern destroyers. New York, N.Y.: Prentice Hall. pp. 58, 70, 77, 79, 134. ISBN 0-13-450776-2. OCLC 13010345.
  3. ^ DDG-993 KIDD-class, archived from the original on 9 March 2016
  4. ^ a b c Kidd Class, Destroyer History Foundation, archived from the original on 14 March 2016
  5. ^ Wright, Christopher C. (1980), "U. S. Navy Shipbuilding Budgets, FY 1979/81", Warship International, 17 (2), International Naval Research Organization: 124–127, JSTOR 44890726
  6. ^ Chris Bishop, ed. (1988). The Encyclopedia of World Sea Power. New York: Crescent Books. p. 94. ISBN 0-517-65342-7.
  7. ^ Spruance Class, archived from the original on 14 March 2016
  8. ^ a b c McPhedran, Ian (5 November 1999). "Navy told US ships too risky". Herald Sun. p. 26.
  9. ^ "RAN loses battle for Kidd class destroyers". Australian Financial Review. 25 May 2000.
  10. ^ Australia's Hazard(ous) Frigate Upgrade, in Defense Industry Daily [1]
  11. ^ McPhedran, Frigates 'can't go to war' despite $1.4bn upgrade
  12. ^ "DDG 1801 Keelung / Chi Teh / Kidd-class destroyers". Global Security. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  13. ^ "KIDD Missile Destroyers (1981 - 1982)". Navypedia. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Taiwan to upgrade second-hand destroyers from US". Asia Times. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  15. ^ "DDG-993 KIDD-class". GlobalSecurity.Org. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  16. ^ "Vsebav completes reactivation of ex-Kidd class guided missile destroyers". PR Newswire. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  17. ^ luke822's album, archived from the original on 20 October 2012, Photo of ship-mounted Hsiung Feng-III Anti-ship missiles taken at Su Ao Harbour
  18. ^ "台灣海軍12項造艦計畫（2016年）(ROC Navy "Year 2020" plan)". mdc.idv.tw.
  19. ^ Industry briefing released by Navy Command Headquarters, Ministry of National Defense ROC (Traditional Chinese)

Notes

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  1. ^ Unlike her sister ships, ROCS Lee Kung has the LAMPS III system installed, so can carry 2 of these helicopters.
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