Liang Siyong (Chinese: 梁思永; Wade–Giles: Liang Ssu-yung; 13 November 1904 – 2 April 1954)[1] was a Chinese anthropologist and archaeologist. He was deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. One of the first scholars to introduce the discipline of archaeology to China, Liang is regarded as one of China's "first-generation archaeologists". He was the second son of the scholar Liang Qichao. Liang was married to Li Fuman, with whom he had one daughter. He died of a heart attack on 2 April 1954, at the age of 49.
Liang Siyong (Liang Ssu-yung) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 梁思永 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Born | 13 November 1904 | ||||||||
| Died | 2 April 1954 (aged 49) | ||||||||
| Alma mater | Tsinghua University Harvard University | ||||||||
| Occupation(s) | Archaeologist, anthropologist, field researcher | ||||||||
| Organization | Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences | ||||||||
| Known for | Introducing archaeology into China | ||||||||
| Notable work | Chengziya site excavation report [城子崖遺址發掘報告] (1934) | ||||||||
| Spouse |
Li Fuman (m. 1931) | ||||||||
| Parent | Liang Qichao (father) | ||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 梁思永 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Life and career
editLiang was born on 13 November 1904 in Macau, the fourth child and second son of journalist and scholar Liang Qichao.[2] He had eight siblings – four brothers (Sicheng, Sizhong, Sida, and Sili) and four sisters (Sishun, Sizhuang, Siyi, and Sining).[3][4] He completed his primary education in Yokohama, where his family had been exiled to,[5] and graduated from Tsinghua University in 1924.[6] He was enrolled into Harvard University, at which he studied archaeology[2][7] and picked up English.[8] At the time, the archaeology field in China was virtually nonexistent, thus Liang is considered as one of the "first-generation archaeologists" who introduced the discipline to the country.[9][10]
In 1930 he began research at the Yingjin River and was the first Chinese to publish a survey on it.[11] Likewise, in 1931, he performed what is thought to be "one of China's first scientific excavations" at Qiqihar, which led to the unearthing of artefacts thousands of years old.[12] In January of that year, Liang wed his cousin Li Fuman (李福曼).[13] Three years Liang's junior, Li was also a Tsinghua graduate.[14] Liang's line of work was strenuous and often he had to "spend hours in the water" for field work, while having to forgo proper meals too. Praised for his disciplined work ethic, Liang was known for not letting discomfort or illness hinder his job. This, however, was not without its consequences; in 1932, Liang fell ill in the wilderness but refused to seek medical help until he ran an unbearably high fever. It was later found out that he had serious respiratory infection.[15]
Liang published a comprehensive report on the Chengziya site of the Longshan culture in 1934, titled Chengziya site excavation report (城子崖遺址發掘報告), which is regarded as one of his more notable publications as an archaeologist.[16] His excavation of a tomb at Hougang (后岗) in the same year, as part of a project which had begun in 1928,[17] provided groundbreaking evidence of "large burials anywhere at Yinxu".[18] Liang continued investigations at Yinxu till 1937,[17] uncovering several other tombs, artefacts and worshipping structures dating back to the Shang dynasty.[18] Liang was the first deputy director of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, serving from 1948 until his death in 1954.[19][15] He was succeeded by Yin Da.[19]
Death and legacy
editWhile resuming the excavation of royal tombs at Anyang,[20] Liang contracted tuberculosis.[21] He died on 2 April 1954 in Beijing, at age 49; the cause of death was a heart attack. He had been working on a report on animal remains found at the Anyang site.[22] He was survived by Li and his only child Liang Baiyou (梁柏有), who likened her father to Water Margin character Shi Xiu, in reference to his determination and tirelessness.[15] An anthology of his anthropological papers, titled Papers on archaeology by Liang Siyong (梁思永考古论文集), was published in 1959.[15] In his 2015 book In Manchuria: A Village Called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China, Michael Meyer writes of Liang with high esteem, underscoring his title of "father of Chinese archaeology",[23] a label which had previously been reserved for Liang's peer Li Ji.[24]
Select publications
edit- Chengziya site excavation report (Chinese: 城子崖遺址發掘報告; 1934)[16]
- Papers on archaeology by Liang Siyong (梁思永考古论文集; 1959)[15] including:
- (Report on Yingjin River) (1930)[11]
- New Age stone pottery from the prehistoric site at Hsi-yin Tsun, Shansi, China (1930)[25]
- Problems with Far Eastern archaeology (远东考古学上的若干问题)
- Prehistorical sites at Ang'angxi (昂昂溪史前遗址)
- Longshan — one of China's earliest cultures (龙山文化 — 中国文明的史前期之一)
- New Age stone pottery and tools from Rehe (热河查不干庙等处所采集之新石器时代石器与陶片)
References
editCitations
edit- ^ Jamieson, John C. "Archaeology on the Chinese mainland since 1949" (PDF). University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- ^ a b Lee 2005, p. 49.
- ^ Lee 2005, pp. 48–50.
- ^ Lin 2004, pp. 25–26.
- ^ Browman 2013, p. 354.
- ^ Lin 2004, p. 23.
- ^ "Chinese Archaeology at Harvard". Harvard University. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
- ^ Meyer 2015, p. 301.
- ^ China Exchange 1983, p. 1971.
- ^ Sullivan 2007, p. 32.
- ^ a b Li 2008, p. 9.
- ^ Meyer 2015, p. 128.
- ^ So 2013, p. 34.
- ^ Yue 2005, p. 171.
- ^ a b c d e "梁家有方三院士：梁思成、梁思永、梁思礼 [The three scholars of the Liang family: Liang Sicheng, Liang Siyong, and Liang Sili]". Sciencenet (in Chinese). 15 August 2014.
- ^ a b Shi 2013, p. 67.
- ^ a b Cambridge 1989, p. 13.
- ^ a b Thorp 2013, p. 144.
- ^ a b Murray 1999, p. 605.
- ^ Museum 2001, p. 72.
- ^ Murray 1999, p. 601.
- ^ Museum 2001, p. 167.
- ^ Meyer 2015, p. 129.
- ^ Meyer 2015, p. 300.
- ^ "Liang, Siyong (1904–1954)". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
Bibliography
edit- Browman, David L. (2013). Anthropology at Harvard. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780873659130.
- Archaeological review from Cambridge. Vol. 8. Cambridge University Press. 1989.
- Bulletin. The Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities. 2001.
- China Exchange News. Vol. 11. Committee on Scholarly Communication with China. 1983.
- Thorp, Robert L. (2013). China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812203615.
- Li, Xinwei (2008). Development of social complexity in the Liaoxi area, northeast China. Archaeopress. ISBN 9781407303079.
- Liu, Zhen (2013). "梁思永与中国近代考古学" [Liang Siyong and modern Chinese archaeology]. Shenzhou (in Chinese) (32): 17–23.
- Murray, Tim (1999). Encyclopedia of Archaeology: The great archaeologists. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576071991.
- Sullivan, Lawrence R. (2007). Historical Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2 ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810864436.
- Meyer, Michael (2015). In Manchuria: A Village Called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9781620402870.
- Peng, Peng (2021). "Decentralizing the Origin of Civilization: Early Archaeological Efforts in China". History of Humanities. 6 (2): 515–548. doi:10.1086/715935. ISSN 2379-3163.
- So, Billy (2013). New Narratives of Urban Space in Republican Chinese Cities: Emerging Social, Legal and Governance Orders. Brill. ISBN 9789004249912.
- Lee, Khoon Choy (2005). Pioneers of Modern China: Understanding the Inscrutable Chinese. World Scientific. ISBN 9789812566188.
- Yue, Nan (2005). 李庄往事: 抗战时期中国文化中心纪实 [Li Zhuang's past] (in Chinese). Zhejiang People's Publishing. ISBN 9787213030956.
- Lin, Zhu (2004). 梁思成林徽因与我 [Liang, Lin, and me] (in Chinese). Tsinghua University Press. ISBN 9787302086765.
- Shi, Yujuan (2013). 書香世家的流金歲月 [Golden Age of academicians] (in Chinese). Huazhi. ISBN 9789865936532.