Lidong

Lidong
Lidong
Chinese name
Chinese	立冬
Literal meaning	start of winter
Hanyu Pinyin
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	lìdōng
Bopomofo	ㄌㄧˋ ㄉㄨㄥ
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization	laahp dūng
Jyutping	laap6 dung1
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet	lập đông
Chữ Hán	立冬
Korean name
Hangul	입동
Hanja	立冬
Revised Romanization
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization	ipdong
Japanese name
Kanji	立冬
Hiragana	りっとう
Romanization
Transcriptions
Romanization	rittō

The traditional Chinese calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms. Lìdōng, Rittō, Ipdong, or Lập đông (Chinese and Japanese: 立冬; pinyin: lìdōng; rōmaji: rittō; Korean: 입동; romaja: ipdong; Vietnamese: lập đông; lit. 'start of winter') is the 19th solar term. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 225° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 240°. It more often refers in particular to the day when the Sun is exactly at the celestial longitude of 225°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around November 7 and ends around November 22.^[1]

Solar term
Term	Longitude	Dates
Lichun	315°	4–5 February
Yushui	330°	18–19 February
Jingzhe	345°	5–6 March
Chunfen	0°	20–21 March
Qingming	15°	4–5 April
Guyu	30°	20–21 April
Lixia	45°	5–6 May
Xiaoman	60°	21–22 May
Mangzhong	75°	5–6 June
Xiazhi	90°	21–22 June
Xiaoshu	105°	7–8 July
Dashu	120°	22–23 July
Liqiu	135°	7–8 August
Chushu	150°	23–24 August
Bailu	165°	7–8 September
Qiufen	180°	23–24 September
Hanlu	195°	8–9 October
Shuangjiang	210°	23–24 October
Lidong	225°	7–8 November
Xiaoxue	240°	22–23 November
Daxue	255°	7–8 December
Dongzhi	270°	21–22 December
Xiaohan	285°	5–6 January
Dahan	300°	20–21 January

Lidong signifies the beginning of winter in East Asian cultures.^[2]

Pentads

水始冰, 'Water begins to freeze' – the initial stages of water bodies freezing over.
地始凍, 'The earth begins to harden'
雉入大水為蜃, 'Pheasants enter the water for clams'

Date and time

Date and Time (UTC)
Year	Begin	End
辛巳	2001-11-07 08:36	2001-11-22 06:00
壬午	2002-11-07 14:21	2002-11-22 11:53
癸未	2003-11-07 20:13	2003-11-22 17:43
甲申	2004-11-07 01:58	2004-11-21 23:21
乙酉	2005-11-07 07:42	2005-11-22 05:15
丙戌	2006-11-07 13:34	2006-11-22 11:01
丁亥	2007-11-07 19:24	2007-11-22 16:49
戊子	2008-11-07 01:10	2008-11-21 22:44
己丑	2009-11-07 06:56	2009-11-22 04:22
庚寅	2010-11-07 12:42	2010-11-22 10:14
辛卯	2011-11-07 18:34	2011-11-22 16:07
壬辰	2012-11-07 00:25	2012-11-21 21:50
癸巳	2013-11-07 06:13	2013-11-22 03:48
甲午	2014-11-07 12:06	2014-11-22 09:38
乙未	2015-11-07 17:58	2015-11-22 15:25
丙申	2016-11-06 23:47	2016-11-21 21:22
丁酉	2017-11-07 05:37	2017-11-22 03:04
戊戌	2018-11-07 11:31	2018-11-22 09:01
己亥	2019-11-07 17:24	2019-11-22 14:58
庚子	2020-11-06 23:13	2020-11-21 20:39
辛丑	2021-11-07 04:58	2021-11-22 02:33
壬寅	2022-11-07 10:45	2022-11-22 08:20
癸卯	2023-11-07 16:35	2023-11-22 14:02
甲辰	2024-11-06 22:20	2024-11-21 19:56
乙巳	2025-11-07 04:04	2025-11-22 01:35
丙午	2026-11-07 09:52	2026-11-22 07:23
丁未	2027-11-07 15:38	2027-11-22 13:16
戊申	2028-11-06 21:27	2028-11-21 18:54
己酉	2029-11-07 03:16	2029-11-22 00:49
庚戌	2030-11-07 09:08	2030-11-22 06:44
Source: JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System

References

^ Guo, Rongxing (February 6, 2017). An Economic Inquiry into the Nonlinear Behaviors of Nations: Dynamic Developments and the Origins of Civilizations. Springer. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-3-319-48772-4.
^ Martzloff, Jean-Claude (September 1, 2016). Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics: 104 BC - AD 1644. Springer. p. 64. ISBN 978-3-662-49718-0.

Preceded by Shuangjiang (霜降)	Solar term (節氣)	Succeeded by Xiaoxue (小雪)

[1] Guo, Rongxing (February 6, 2017). An Economic Inquiry into the Nonlinear Behaviors of Nations: Dynamic Developments and the Origins of Civilizations. Springer. pp. 160–161. ISBN 978-3-319-48772-4.

[2] Martzloff, Jean-Claude (September 1, 2016). Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics: 104 BC - AD 1644. Springer. p. 64. ISBN 978-3-662-49718-0.

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