Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (6 April 1632 – 7 August 1649)[1][2] was by birth Archduchess of Austria and member of the Tyrolese branch of the House of Habsburg and by marriage the second spouse of her first cousin, Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor. As such, she was Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, German queen and queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. She died in childbirth, aged 17.
| Maria Leopoldine of Austria | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Lorenzo Lippi, 1649 | |
| Holy Roman Empress | |
| Tenure | 2 July 1648 – 7 August 1649 |
| Born | 6 April 1632 Innsbruck, County of Tyrol, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 7 August 1649 (aged 17) Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire |
| Burial | Imperial Crypt, Vienna, Austria |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria |
| House | Habsburg |
| Father | Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria |
| Mother | Claudia de' Medici |
Life
editEarly years
editMaria Leopoldine was born in Innsbruck[2] on 6 April 1632 as the third (but second surviving) daughter and the fifth and youngest child of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria, and Claudia de' Medici. Her father died on 13 September 1632, when she was five months old.[2][3] On her father's side, her grandparents were Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria and his wife and niece Princess Maria Anna of Bavaria; on her mother's side, her grandparents were Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his wife Princess Christina of Lorraine. In addition to her full siblings, she had an older half-sister, Vittoria della Rovere, born from her mother's first marriage to Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino.[4]
Maria Leopoldine's oldest brother, Ferdinand Charles, inherited Further Austria, but Dowager Archduchess Claudia assumed regency because of her son's minority. In a letter written to his mother, Elizabeth of England, on 8 September 1641, Charles Louis of the Palatinate (later Elector Palatine) described the intentions of his uncle, King Charles I of England, and Maria Leopoldine's first cousin, Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, to arrange a marriage between the 9-year-old archduchess and himself; the marriage between them was to end "all grudges betweene our families".[5] However, the union never took place.
Marriage and death
edit
In Linz on 2 July 1648 Maria Leopoldine married the widowed Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, thereby becoming Empress of the Holy Roman Empire, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary and Queen of Bohemia. The wedding ceremony was splendid.[6] The composer Andreas Rauch celebrated the marriage as "anticipating (with the help of Divine Providence) the most beautiful end of the Thirty Years' War"[7] and an opera titled I Trionfi d'Amore, produced by Giovanni Felice Sances, was meant to commemorate the event, but the Prague premiere was canceled at the last moment when King Władysław IV Vasa (Ferdinand III's brother-in-law) died within two months of the wedding; the planned Pressburg performance apparently never took place.[7] The new empress was as closely related to her husband as her cousin and predecessor, Maria Anna of Spain; both marriages were means by which the House of Habsburg frequently reinforced itself,[8] and ultimately succumbed to inbreeding.
Soon after her wedding, Maria Leopoldine became pregnant, and was depicted as such in the 1649 painting by the Italian painter and poet Lorenzo Lippi. The Imperial couple's only child, Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, was born on 7 August 1649.[9] The childbirth was extremely difficult, ending in the death of the 17-year-old empress.[10] Her husband remarried within two years, while their son died childless aged 14.[2][7][11] She is buried in tomb 21 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. The writer Wolf Helmhardt, Baron von Hohberg, then at the beginning of his career, sent to Emperor Ferdinand III a poem written in honour of the late Empress, called "Poem of tears" (de: Klag-Gedicht).[12]
Ancestry
edit| Ancestors of Maria Leopoldine of Austria |
|---|
References
edit
- ^ Hartland 1854, p. 84.
- ^ a b c d Wurzbach 1861, p. 52.
- ^ Hartland 1854, p. 69.
- ^ Acton, Harold: The Last Medici, Macmillan, London, 1980, ISBN 0-333-29315-0, p. 111
- ^ Akkerman, Nadine (2011). The Correspondence of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199551088.
- ^ Barthold, Friedrich Wilhelm (1843). Geschichte des großen deutschen Krieges vom Tode Gustav Adolfs. Liesching. ISBN 1409421198.
- ^ a b c Weaver, Andrew H. (2012). Sacred Music as Public Image for Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III: Representing the Counter-Reformation Monarch at the End of the Thirty Years' War. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-1409421191.
- ^ Wedgwood, Cicely Veronica (1967). The thirty years war. Jonathan Cape.
- ^ Hartland 1854, p. 24.
- ^ Coxe, William (1807). History of the House of Austria, from the Foundation of the Monarchy by Rhodolph of Hapsburgh, to the Death of Leopold the Second. Luke Hansard and Sons.
- ^ Martin Mutschlechner: Ferdinand III - Ehen und Nachkommen in: habsburger.net [retrieved 3 November 2016].
- ^ Kunisch, Hermann (1971). Literarisches Jahrbuch. Duncker & Humblot.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 416 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 159 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b Wurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b "The Medici Granducal Archive" (PDF). The Medici Archive Project. pp. 12–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 April 2005. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ a b "Christine of Lorraine (c. 1571–1637)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Gale Research. 2002. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
Further reading
edit- Sir Frederick Dixon Hartland: A chronological dictionary or index to the genealogical chart, London: Charles and Edwin Layton 1854, 123 p. [retrieved 3 November 2016].
- C. von Wurzbach: Maria Leopoldina von Österreich, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, Vienna Kaiserlich-königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei 1861, 458 p.
- Bettina Braun, Katrin Keller, Matthias Schnettger: Nur die Frau des Kaisers?: Kaiserinnen in der Frühen Neuzeit, Böhlau ed., Vienna 2016 ISBN 978-3-20-520085-7.
- Gigi Beutler: Die Kaisergruft, Wien 1993
- Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger. Von Rudolf I. bis Karl I.; Verlag Styria Graz/Wien/Köln 1982, ISBN 3-85001-484-3