Multuggerah was an Aboriginal Australian leader and resistance fighter of the Ugarapul[1] nation from the Lockyer Valley in Queensland. He was an important warrior and negotiator, bringing numerous Aboriginal clans together in an armed resistance against the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot, squatters and the squatters' servants and other workers in the 1840s.
Resistance
editFrom 1841 over the course of decades, 1200 Aboriginal warriors in the Colony of New South Wales in the Lockyer Valley area (which became part of the Colony of Queensland from 1859), were opposed by, amongst others, the 99th (Lanarkshire) Regiment of Foot. Intermittent conflict continued on into the 1850s and 1860s.[1] The line of settlement was held back by 15 years of armed conflict.[2] Multeggerah's tactics included road blocks made from felled trees, and setting an ambush site on a steep hill and in amongst bogs and heavy scrub.[3] Multeggerah was said by some to have lived to old age; but possibly died in 1846[3] as part of the continuing conflict.[4]
Battle of One Tree Hill
editThe mass poisoning at Kilcoy Station instigated a strengthening of resistance activity. Multeggerah organised ambushes of the supply drays on their way up the escarpment from the coast; "He had sent word to the Europeans, warning them not to come through."[4]
In September 1843 an armed convoy of three drays with a crew of 18 was stopped and turned back.[3] A counter attack against the Aboriginal battle group by more than 30 squatters and their servants was also turned back from the high ground by the use of spears and thrown rocks.[1]
Legacy
editThe 800-metre (2,600 ft) viaduct on the Warrego Highway section of the Toowoomba Bypass was named in honour of Multuggerah.[5] He is known to have had at least two children, a son and a daughter known as Queen Kitty.[6]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c "Multuggerah". Monument Australia. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
Between 1841 and 1848, the Ugarapul headman 'Old Moppy,' his son Multuggerah and other headmen led many raids and sieges. Their allies – the 'Mountain tribes' – conducted similar resistance on the Darling Downs plateau and as far as Cunningham's Gap.
- ^ Nolan, Michael (15 September 2019). "Multuggerah's military genius revealed in new book". The Chronicle. Toowoomba Newspapers Pty Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
Such was the ferocity of the resistance that the British were forced to re-direct soldiers from the Maori wars in New Zealand, sending them to the Lockyer Valley. Part of Multuggerah's success lay in his ability to mobilise warriors from across language groups and his knowledge of the terrain. At one point his warriors feigned a retreat and led the soldiers and settles on a frantic chase through the forest. Without knowing, the whites walked into a trap and were pelted by stones and boulders from Multuggerah's men, positioned on the high country above them.
- ^ a b c Marr, David (15 September 2019). "Battle of One Tree Hill: remembering an Indigenous victory and a warrior who routed the whites". The Guardian Australia. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
The nub of a long story is this: trouble began the moment whites moved down into the Lockyer Valley. But the 1842 poisoning of 50 or 60 people on Kilcoy Station provoked an uprising across this stretch of Queensland. One of its leaders was Multugerrah, a diplomat, strategist and warrior who gathered nearly all the mountain clans to deal with the invasion of their land.
- ^ a b Backhouse, Andrew (9 May 2016). "Revealed: Who is Aboriginal warrior Multuggerah". The Chronicle. Toowoomba Newspapers Pty Ltd. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
About 1200 warriors waged war against a crack unit of British soldiers, the 99th regiment, who had been brought to the area specifically to battle the Aborigines.
- ^ Loftus, Tobi (9 September 2019). "Local identities honoured as part of Toowoomba Bypass name". The Toowoomba Chronicle. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
- ^ "Multuggerah – Harry Gentle Resource Centre". Harry Gentle Resource Centre – Dedicated To The Study Of The Peoples And Lands Of Australia, Initially Focusing On The Area That Became Queensland In 1859. 24 September 1910. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
Further reading
edit- Kerkhove, Ray; Uhr, Frank (2019), The Battle of One Tree Hill – The Aboriginal Resistance That Stunned Queensland, Nundah, Queensland, Australia: Boolarong Press, ISBN 9781925877304
- Kerkhove, Ray (2016), Multuggerah and Multuggerah way, Enoggera, Queensland, Australia: Ray Kerkhove
- Uhr, Frank; O’Halloran (Illustrator), Debra (2019), Multuggerah and the Sacred Mountain, Nundah, Queensland, Australia: Boolarong Press, ISBN 9781925877328