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Nam Định () is a city in the Red River Delta of Northern Vietnam.
Nam Định
Thành phố Nam Định | |
|---|---|
| Nam Định City | |
 Map of Nam Dinh in 1924 | |
| Nickname(s): "The Textile City" (Thành-phố dệt) | |
| Motto(s): "To build a prosperous and powerful country" (Đắp-xây non-nước phú-cường) | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 20°26′00″N 106°09′00″E / 20.433333°N 106.150000°E | |
| Population | |
• Total | 364,181 |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
Nam Định City is the capital of Nam Định Province and is well known as the birthplace of Pho. The city of Nam Định is 90 km southeast of Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. From August 18–20 of each year, there is a festival held in Nam Định called the Cố Trạch. This celebration honors General Trần Hưng Đạo, a 13th-century national hero who led Annamese forces to victory over the invading Mongols.
History
editBefore the Trần dynasty, the land of modern Namdinh City of a northern area of a area was called as Hiển-khánh district, which corresponds to half of the modern area of Nam Định province. This was the intersection of three large rivers, so it was very convenient for trade.
The name of the city, under Trần dynasty, was Thiên Trường (天長) meant "where the Sky remains for Eternity". It is first mentioned to mark the birth of the city in 1262 by Emperor Trần Thái Tông. The name Thiên Trường was probably the name for a whole phủ, which at the time would be equivalent to a special prefecture or province nowadays. Under Trần dynasty, the city was considered to be the second capital, besides Thăng Long.
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Under Lê dynasty, the city belonged to the Prefecture of Sơn Nam (山南), meant "Southern Mountains" or "to the South of the Mountains" in 1466 by Emperor Lê Thánh Tông, and Sơn Nam Hạ (山南下), meant "The South Prefecture of the Southern Mountains" in compared to Sơn Nam Thượng (山南上), meant "The North Prefecture of the Southern Mountains".
The modern name of the city, Nam Định (南定), literally means "The pacified South", was first mentioned in 1831 under the reign of Emperor Minh Mệnh of the Nguyễn dynasty as the capital of Nam Định Province. In international context, the name of this urban area is often signed as Namdinh City (in English) or la ville de Namdinh (in French).
According to a Resolution announced by 2021 and officially applied by 2023, the entire Mỹ Lộc rural district area was merged into Nam Định City.
Culture
editNamdinh City's long-standing customs come from the intersection of three groups of people : Kinh, Hoa and French.
Landscapes
editNamdinh City's oldest space is often divided by tourism researchers into two parts : The North is the settlement surrounding Vị Xuyên Lake and Dragon Market, which is called Namdinh Old Town (Nam-định lão-nhai) ; the South is a textile industry planned by the French from the 1880s, which is now called Hòa-vượng New Urban Complex (khu đô-thị Hòa-vượng).
- Trần Temple, a historical temple worshipping Emperors, Generals of Trần dynasty. It traces the 13th history of Annam with three Mongol invasions.
- Phổ Minh Pagoda, a Buddhist pagoda built under Ly Dynasty in 11th century. This temple still well preserved its original architecture from 11th and 12th century AD.
- Grand Church of Nam Định, a Christian Church built in 19th century under French Indochina colonial period.
- Church of Khoái Đồng, a Romanesque Christian Church built in 1941 by the Spanish Santo Domingo Order.
Besides : 3-2 Square, Canton Temple, Doraemon Lane (previously River Resettlement hamlet), Đò-Quan Bridge, Đầu-mom Hamlet, Gốc-Mít Lane, Hakka Temple, Hoàng-văn-Thụ Street (previously Hải-phòng Road), Lê-hồng-Phong High School, Mỹ-tho Market, Namdinh Cheo Theatre, Ngõ-Ngang Market, Phù-long Market, Teochew Temple, Statue of Hưng-đạo Prince, Truyền-thống Lake, Trường-chinh Avenue (previously Giải-phóng Road and Lò-trâu Slope), Poet Tú-Xương's House and Tomb, Vọng-cung Temple...[1]
Cuisine
editNamdinh City is often considered as the birth place of pho by the majority. However, this dish is considered the best what only exists in Nguyễn Du, Hàng Sắt and Hàng Thao Streets. All of them are close to the 3-2 Square. Pho has some esoteric formulas stored by the descendants of the Teochew families, who have become Kinh people since the 1970s. The noodles of Namdinh's pho are thought to always be as thin as clouds and they even can dissolve at the tip of the tongue, while the broth must smell the cow's bone and onion.
Namdinh is also known as the only place in Vietnam that can produce Polka Bread[2] (bánh-mì Ba-lan) since 1969 until present. This is a type of boat-shaped bread but has a very thick intestine. It is maken by a special type of oven, which has been provided with an exclusive patent globally and is Poland's technology secret.[3]
Fish sauce in Namdinh City is also different from many localities in Vietnam. It is usually mixed with boiled water from the cow's bone. This method will make the fish sauce lose the smell and become fragrant like peppermint. Besides, there are shrimp sauce (mắm tôm & mắm tép), which is used to wake the taste of boiled vegetables.
Some other specialties of Namdinh City : Bánh cuốn, bánh mì pa-tê,[4] bánh gối,[5] toast with honey, fish bún (fried rohu, snake-head or catfish is served with tomato broth and sliced lettuce & spinach),[6] bún đũa, xôi (xôi vò, xôi khúc, xôi đỗ đen), bánh bèo (rice flour is wrapped by seaweed leaves, with water fat and roasted onion),[7] Seochew sweet[8] (kẹo Sìu-châu)...
Sports
editNam Định has two sports facilities, Thiên Trường Stadium (formerly Cuối Stadium) and Trần Quốc Toản Indoor Stadium, which are host to football and volleyball matches. Both sports centers are located on Hùng Vương Street.
Hà Nam Ninh won the National Football Champions (V.League) in 1985 with star player Nguyễn Văn Dũng. In 2001, Nam Định took second place in the National Championships, losing to Bình Định F.C. In 2007, the Nam Định football team changed its name to Đạm Phú Mỹ Nam Định and won its first National Cup under its new name. In 2009 the Nam Định Football team changed its name to Megastar Nam Định F.C and failed in standing on V.League to 1st level tournament 2010.
In 2024, the Nam Dinh F C won the V.League 1 championship for the first time in 39 years.[9]
Notable people
edit- In antiquity and the pre-modern era
- Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳興道, 1228 - 1300), Tran Dynasty royal prince, statesman and military commander.
- Trần Thái Tông (陳太宗, 1218 - 1277), first Emperor of Trần dynasty, the second Grand Emperor of Trần dynasty.
- Nguyễn Hiền (阮賢, 1234 - 1256), Vietnamese youngest trạng nguyên, achieved the highest score on highest level of the Imperial examination when he was only 13 years old, scholar, writer, politician.
- Lương Thế Vinh (梁世榮, 1441 - 1496), prominent Vietnamese mathematician, scholar, politician.
- Đào Sư Tích (陶師錫, 1350 - 1396), Vietnamese scholar, writer, politician.
- Khiếu Năng Tĩnh (叫能靜, 1835 - 1915), Vietnamese scholar, writer, educator.
- Trần Bích San (陳碧珊, 1840 - 1877), Vietnamese scholar, politician.
- Trần Tế Xương (1870 - 1907), or under pen name of Tú Xương, a Vietnamese famous writer, poet.
- Trần Quang Viên (1908 - 1987), Vietnamese doctor and athlete.
- In the modern era
- Trường Chinh (1907 - 1988), Vietnamese communist political leader, revolutionary and theoretician.
- Lê Đức Thọ (1911 - 1990), Vietnamese revolutionary general, diplomat, and politician. The first Asian to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with United States Secretary of State Henry Kissinger in 1973, but refused the award.
- Đặng Thế Phong (1918 - 1942), Vietnamese purple music composer.
- Nguyễn Cơ Thạch (1921 – 1998), Vietnamese revolutionary, diplomat, and politician, one of the peace-maker of Paris Peace Accords.
- Nguyễn Kim Tước (born 1938), American-Vietnamese songstress.
- Phạm Văn Thuần (born 1992), Vietnamese footballer.
- Nguyễn Văn Hùng (born 1961), Vietnamese footballer.
- Nguyễn Văn Dũng (born 1963), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
- Nguyễn Văn Sỹ (born 1971), Vietnamese footballer and coach.
- Trần Hạnh Phúc (born 1986), Vietnamese MC.
- Chu Ngọc Anh (born 1989), Vietnamese footballer.
Besides : Giác Hải, Bùi Công Kỳ, Đặng Gia Mẫn, Đặng Phương Nam, Đặng Minh Phương, Bằng Cường, Đặng Thị Diệu Hương, Trần Thị Diễm Hương, Josephine Mai Thị Mậu, Giuse Hoàng Văn Tiệm, Giuse Maria Đinh Bỉnh, Giuse Trần Xuân Tiếu, Lương Kim Định, Hoàng Minh Chính, Hoàng Ngọc Hiến, Đinh Thế Huynh, Kiwi Ngô Mai Trang, Giuse Đinh Đức Đạo, Lôrensô Chu Văn Minh, Đa Minh Nguyễn Chu Trinh, Phêrô Nguyễn Văn Tự, Nguyễn Cao Kỳ Duyên...
International relations
editSister towns and sister cities
Geography
editClimate
edit| Climate data for Nam Định | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.5 (104.9) |
39.7 (103.5) |
40.2 (104.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.0 (93.2) |
31.3 (88.3) |
40.5 (104.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.6 (67.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
33.0 (91.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
28.7 (83.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
27.1 (80.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
23.8 (74.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.4 (81.3) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
23.7 (74.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.4 (79.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
13.3 (55.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 27.3 (1.07) |
27.4 (1.08) |
50.4 (1.98) |
85.7 (3.37) |
175.9 (6.93) |
192.1 (7.56) |
240.2 (9.46) |
298.5 (11.75) |
315.4 (12.42) |
202.3 (7.96) |
66.1 (2.60) |
27.0 (1.06) |
1,701.4 (66.98) |
| Average rainy days | 9.8 | 12.8 | 16.8 | 13.1 | 12.7 | 13.1 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 7.0 | 6.4 | 146.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84.6 | 87.6 | 89.5 | 88.6 | 84.4 | 82.0 | 81.8 | 85.2 | 85.1 | 83.0 | 81.9 | 81.7 | 84.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 69.9 | 42.4 | 40.8 | 90.3 | 184.9 | 178.6 | 195.9 | 165.2 | 161.9 | 153.4 | 130.8 | 110.6 | 1,517.2 |
| Source 1: Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology[10] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: The Yearbook of Indochina[11] | |||||||||||||
In September 2024, Nam Định experienced heavy flooding from sever rainfall that forced many residents to evacuate their homes.[12]
References
edit- ^ Thành ủy-HDND-UBND thành phố Nam Định, Thành Nam địa danh và giai thoại, NXB Văn Hóa Dân Tộc, Hà Nội, 2012
- ^ Thân thuộc bánh mì Ba Lan
- ^ Điểm danh 4 loại bánh mì độc đáo nức tiếng Nam Định
- ^ Khám phá bánh mì pate Nam Định
- ^ 6 món bánh dân dã "thử một lần là nhớ một đời" của Nam Định
- ^ Bún cá - đặc sản 'tỏa sáng' ngày Tết ở Nam Định
- ^ 10 món ăn vặt mùa đông ở Nam Định
- ^ Kẹo sìu châu - món quà ngày xuân ở Nam Định
- ^ "Nam Định wins V.League after 39 years". vietnamnews.vn. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
- ^ "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
- ^ Annual statistics of Vietnam Archived 10 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Nam Dinh City is flooded with history, people rush to 'run things' at night - Vietnam.vn". 2024-09-10. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
See also
edit
Further reading
edit- Khiếu Năng Tĩnh, Tân biên Nam Định tỉnh địa dư chí lược, 1880.
- Nguyễn On Ngọc, Nam Định tỉnh địa dư chí, 1893.
- Li Tana, Towards an environmental history of the eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400
External links
edit- Official site of Nam Định Government Archived 2014-12-18 at the Wayback Machine