Sir Percy Joseph Sillitoe KBE DL (22 May 1888 – 5 April 1962) was a chief constable of several police forces. He changed the role of radios, civilian staff, and women police officers within the police. He was later Director General of MI5, the United Kingdom's internal security service, from 1946 to 1953.
Percy Sillitoe | |
|---|---|
 Sillitoe in the 1930s | |
| Born | 22 May 1888 |
| Died | 5 April 1962 (aged 73) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | Police Officer |
| Awards | KBE |
| Espionage activity | |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom  |
| Service branch | MI5 |
| Service years | 1946–1953 |
| Rank | Director General of MI5 |
Life
editBorn in London, Sillitoe was educated at St Paul's Cathedral School (then St Paul's Cathedral Choir School).[1] By 1908, he had become a Trooper in the British South Africa Police and, in 1911, transferred to the Northern Rhodesia Police. During the First World War he served in the East African campaign with the Northern Rhodesia Police. In 2009 it was revealed that Sillitoe had had a relationship with Mary Museba, a local woman of the Bemba people, from the Abercorn District of Northern Rhodesia; they had a son, John Alexander Sillitoe, born in 1918.[2][3]
After serving as a political officer in Tanganyika until 1920, he returned to England with his family.[4]
In 1923 he was appointed Chief Constable of Chesterfield, a position he held for the next two years. After a further year as Chief Constable of the East Riding of Yorkshire in 1925, he became in 1926 the Chief Constable of Sheffield, where he was credited with authorising "reasonable force" to break the hold of criminal gangs.[5]
He was Chief Constable of City of Glasgow Police from 1931 to 1943, when he was credited with breaking the power of the notorious Glasgow razor gangs, made infamous in the novel No Mean City. During his time as chief constable of Glasgow, he was also credited with the introduction of wireless radios allowing communication between headquarters and vehicles (which had previously relied completely upon the use of police boxes), use of civilians in police-related roles, and the introduction of compulsory retirement after 30 years service. He is further credited with the introduction of the Sillitoe tartan, which is more commonly recognized as the checkered pattern, usually black-and-white, on police cap bands, originally based on that used by several Scottish regiments on their Balmoral and Glengarry headdresses.[6]
In 1944 Sillitoe was made the chief constable of Kent and he employed Barbara Denis de Vitre to lead the women's force. When she arrived Kent had two policewomen and the following year there were nearly 150.[7]
Sillitoe went on to head MI5. His reputation was damaged by the 1951 defection to the Soviet Union of the spies Guy Burgess and Donald Duart Maclean, and by the investigation afterwards, which showed that MI5 had been unaware and slow to act.[8]
He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1936 and knighted in the 1942 New Year Honours.[9]
References
edit- ^ "Hidden Life Of The Hammer". Daily Record. 3 January 2009. Retrieved 1 November 2021.
- ^ "Sir Percy Sillitoe of MI5 and his African descendants". Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ Cockerill, Art (2013). Secrets & Skeletons - A biography of Sir Percy Sillitoe.
- ^ Hennessey, Thomas. Spooks the Unofficial History of MI5 From the First Atom Spy to 7/7 1945-2009.
- ^ (2004-09-23). Sillitoe, Sir Percy Joseph (1888–1962), police officer and intelligence officer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 5 Dec. 2017, from link
- ^ "Chief Constable Sir Percy Sillitoe". Totary Club. 5 August 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ "Vitré, Barbara Mary Denis de (1905–1960), police officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/97986. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Anthony Blunt: His Lives, by Miranda Carter, 2001.
- ^ "No. 35399". The London Gazette (Supplement). 30 December 1941. p. 2.
Sources
edit- P. Sillitoe, Cloak without dagger, 1955
- A. W. Cockerill, Sir Percy Sillitoe, 1975
- R. Deacon, The greatest treason: the bizarre story of Hollis, Liddell and Mountbatten, rev. edn 1990
- The Times, Obituary, 6 April 1962
- A. W. Cockerill, "Secrets & Skeletons - A biography of Sir Percy Sillitoe", 15 Jun. 2013