Perry Edward Smith (October 27, 1928 – April 14, 1965) was one of two career criminals convicted of murdering the four members of the Clutter family in Holcomb, Kansas, United States, on November 15, 1959, a crime that was made famous by Truman Capote in his 1966 non-fiction novel In Cold Blood.[1][2] Along with Richard Hickock, Smith took part in the burglary and quadruple murder at the Clutter family farmhouse.
Perry Edward Smith | |
|---|---|
 Kansas State Penitentiary, March 1960 | |
| Born | October 27, 1928 Huntington, Nevada, U.S. |
| Died | April 14, 1965 (aged 36) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Occupation(s) | Criminal, seaman, soldier |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Parent(s) | Florence Julia Buckskin and "Tex" John Smith |
| Motive | Robbery Eliminating witnesses |
| Conviction(s) | First degree murder (4 counts) |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Date | November 15, 1959 |
| Country | United States |
| Location(s) | Holcomb, Kansas |
| Target(s) | Clutter family |
| Killed | 4 |
| Weapons | Shotgun Knife |
Date apprehended | December 30, 1959 |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Service |  United States Army |
| Years of service | 1948–1952 |
| Rank | Private |
| Battles / wars | Korean War |
Early life and family
editPerry Edward Smith was born in Huntington, Nevada, a now-abandoned community in Elko County.[3] His parents, Florence Julia "Flo" Buckskin and John "Tex" Smith, were rodeo performers.[3] Sources conflict on whether Smith was of mixed Dutch and Shoshone ancestry (from his father's and mother's side, respectively)[4] or Irish–Cherokee.[5] The family moved to Juneau, Alaska in 1929, where the elder Smith distilled bootleg whisky for a living. Smith's father abused his wife and four children, and in 1935 his wife left him, taking the children with her to San Francisco, California.[3]
Smith and his siblings were raised initially with their alcoholic mother, Flo. After Flo died from choking on her own vomit when he was 13, he and his siblings were placed in a Catholic orphanage, where nuns abused[6] him physically and emotionally for his lifelong problem of chronic bed wetting, a result of malnutrition. He was also placed in a Salvation Army orphanage, where one of the caretakers allegedly[6] tried to drown him. In his adolescence, Smith reunited with his father, Tex, and together they lived an itinerant existence across much of the western United States. Smith also spent time in different juvenile detention homes after joining a street gang and becoming involved in petty crime. In the mid-1960s, Tex moved to Cold Springs, Nevada, where he lived to the age of 92 before dying by suicide, distraught over poor health.[7]
Two of Smith's siblings died by suicide as young adults, and the remaining sister eliminated any contact with him.[8]
Military service and life in Washington
editAt age 16, Smith joined the United States Merchant Marine. He joined the United States Army in 1948, where he served in the Korean War.[9] During his stint in the Army, Smith spent weeks at a time in the stockade for public carousing and fighting with Korean civilians and other soldiers. In spite of his record, Smith received an honorable discharge in 1952 and was last stationed at Fort Lewis, Washington.[9]
Smith stayed with an Army friend for a time in the Tacoma area, where he was employed as a car painter. With one of his first paychecks, Smith bought a motorcycle. While riding, he lost control of the bike due to adverse weather conditions. Smith nearly died in the accident and spent six months in a Bellingham hospital. Because of the severe injuries he sustained, his legs were permanently disabled,[9] and he suffered chronic leg pains for the rest of his life. To help control the pain, Smith consumed an excessive amount of aspirin.[2][9]
The murders and life on death row
editPerry Smith was sentenced to 5–10 years for burglary and unlawful flight to avoid prosecution after robbing the Chandler Sales Barn in Phillipsburg, Kansas and escaping from jail. Smith was on the run for over a year before eventually being caught in New York City and rejailed. He served his sentence from 3/13/56 until 7/6/59 at the Kansas State Penitentiary in Lansing, Kansas,[10] which is where he first met Richard Hickock. Smith was eventually paroled, and the pair later resumed their acquaintance upon Hickock's release in November 1959. Hickock allegedly wrote to Smith, imploring him to violate his parole by returning to Kansas to assist Hickock with a robbery he had been planning. Smith claimed that his return was initially motivated not by meeting with Hickock, but by the chance to reunite with another former inmate, Willie-Jay, with whom he had developed an especially close bond while in prison; Smith soon discovered, however, that he had arrived in the Kansas City area just a few hours after Willie-Jay had left for the east coast.
Smith met with Hickock, and almost immediately the two set out to work out Hickock's plan. Driving west to Holcomb, they entered the Clutter home through an unlocked door late in the evening of November 14, 1959, whereupon they bound, gagged, and then murdered the four family members present: Herbert Clutter and his wife Bonnie, and their children, Nancy, 16, and Kenyon, 15. Hickock later testified that he had gotten the idea to rob the Clutters after being told by former cellmate Floyd Wells, who had worked as a farmhand for the Clutters, that there was a safe in the family's house containing $10,000. When they invaded the house, however, they discovered that there was no such safe.[2] Perry Smith and Dick Hickock only ended up with about $50 in cash, a pair of binoculars, and a Zenith transistor radio that belonged to Kenyon Clutter.[11] After six weeks at large, mostly spent idly roaming the country, Smith and Hickock were captured in Las Vegas, Nevada, on December 30, 1959, following an extensive manhunt which extended into Mexico.[3]
Smith admitted to cutting the throat of the father, Herbert Clutter, as well as shooting both Herbert and Kenyon Clutter in the head with a shotgun at close range. Records show a dispute as to which of the two shot the women, Bonnie and Nancy Clutter. Alvin Dewey, chief investigator of the Clutter family murders, testified at the trial that Hickock insisted in his confession that Smith performed all four killings; Smith, however, first confessed that Hickock killed the women, but refused to sign his confession, and later claimed to have shot them himself. Although Smith's revised confession coincided with Hickock's initial statement, both Smith and Hickock refused to testify in court, leading to a lack of an official record detailing who killed the women.
While Smith had only a grade-school education, he maintained a strong interest in art, literature and music. His rough past regarding his family and abusive childhood led him to be somewhat distant from people. He read extensively, and during his time on death row, wrote poems and painted pictures for other inmates from photos of their family members.[12]
Relationship with Truman Capote
editDuring research for his novel In Cold Blood, Truman Capote extensively interviewed Smith and eventually befriended him.[13]
Execution
editSmith and Hickock were executed by hanging on April 14, 1965. They requested a last meal of spiced shrimp, french fries, garlic bread, ice cream, and strawberries with whipped cream. Smith was hanged second, dying at 1:19 a.m.[2]
Exhumation
editNearly 50 years after the executions, the bodies of the killers were exhumed from Mount Muncie Cemetery in Lansing, as authorities hoped to solve a 53-year-old cold case using DNA. Smith and Hickock had originally been questioned about the December 19, 1959, shooting murder in Osprey, Florida of Cliff and Christine Walker and their two young children. Evidence indicated they had spent time just a few miles from the Walker crime scene after the Clutter murders. A polygraph administered at the time of their arrest cleared them of the murders, but by modern polygraph standards, their test results are no longer considered valid.[14] On December 19, 2012, officials in Kansas exhumed the bodies of Smith and Hickock and retrieved bone fragments to compare their DNA to semen found in the pants of Christine Walker.[15][16][17]
In August 2013, the Sarasota County Sheriff's Office announced they were unable to find a match between the DNA of Smith or Hickock and the samples in the Walker family murder. Only partial DNA could be retrieved, possibly due to degradation of the DNA samples over the decades or contamination in storage, making the outcome one of uncertainty (neither proving nor disproving the involvement of Smith and Hickock). Investigators have stated that Smith and Hickock still remain the most viable suspects.[18] However, in 2023, other investigators working on the case expressed doubt about this notion, stating that DNA tests performed by the Kansas Bureau of Investigation have excluded Hickock and Smith. [19]
Film portrayals
editSmith was portrayed in the 1967 film version of In Cold Blood by Robert Blake, by Eric Roberts in the 1996 TV miniseries adaptation;[20] by Clifton Collins Jr. in 2005's Capote;[21] and by Daniel Craig in 2006's Infamous.[22]
Song
editBastille's 2016 album Wild World includes a song entitled "Four Walls (The Ballad of Perry Smith)". The lyrics describe the imprisonment and execution of Smith. "These four walls in Holcomb" tells of how Smith has "only these four walls before they, in cold blood, hang you up".
Orville Peck's 2019 album Pony includes the song "Kansas (Remembers me Now)", written from the point of view of Perry Smith being questioned after the Clutter murders.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Anatomy of a Murder, Time Magazine, December 22, 1967 Archived July 21, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood. New York: Random House, 1965.
- ^ a b c d Rocha, Guy (September 2007). "In Cold Blood: The Nevada Connection". Carson City, Nevada: Nevada State Library and Archives. Archived from the original on June 12, 2008.
- ^ Guy Rocha: ‘In Cold Blood’ and its connection to Nevada, Guy Rocha, Reno Gazette-Journal, March 3, 2014
- ^ Capote 1987, p. 621.
- ^ a b Capote, In Cold Blood.
- ^ "Myth #112 - in Cold Blood: The Nevada Connection". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
- ^ In Cold Blood: A Legacy Archived January 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Lawrence Journal World. (Defunct site prior to 9/10)
- ^ a b c d Keglovits, Sally J. In Cold Blood Revisited: A Look Back at an American Crime. US Courts.gov. June 2004. Accessed: 2008-02-02.
- ^ "Perry Edward Smith inmate case file - 707 - Kansas Memory". www.kansasmemory.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ "Clutter Family Murders | Garden City Police Department". www.gcpolice.org. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ Bruntz, Michael. Witness to execution Archived April 19, 2015, at the Wayback Machine. Lawrence Journal-World. 5 April 2005.
- ^ Adam, Suzanna. Death penalty: Kansans continue to debate capital punishment decades later Archived September 23, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. Lawrence Journal-World. 6 April 2005.
- ^ Van Olson, Cora. "'In Cold Blood' Killers Suspected in Cold Case of Florida Family Massacre". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 30 June 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ "'In Cold Blood' Killers Exhumed, Investigators Hope to Solve 53-Year-Old Cold Case". ABC News. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ "'In Cold Blood' killers' bodies exhumed in second murder investigation". NBC News. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Sanderson, Bill (December 20, 2012). "'In Cold Blood' killers' bodies exhumed to check for link in 1959 Florida slaying". New York Post. Retrieved 5 May 2013.
- ^ Koehn, Donna (13 August 2013). "No DNA link between Walker murders, 'In Cold Blood' killers". Herald Tribune. Archived from the original on 27 July 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2013.
- ^ Anton, Leonora LaPeter (July 19, 2023). "Bodies of murdered couple exhumed in Florida could unlock a 64-year-old mystery". Retrieved August 9, 2024.
- ^ In Cold Blood - TV at IMDb
- ^ Capote at IMDb
- ^ Infamous at IMDb
Books
edit- Capote, Truman (1987). A Capote Reader (Ghosts in Sunlight: The Filming of In Cold Blood) (1st ed.). London: Penguin Group. ISBN 978-0-394-55647-5. OCLC 13580909.
External links
edit- "In Cold Blood: A Legacy". Lawrence Journal-World. Lawrence, Kansas. April 3–6, 2005. Archived from the original on 2008-01-11. Retrieved 2007-10-02.
- "In Cold Blood, half a century on". The Guardian. November 16, 2009.
- "Inmate case file". kansasmemory.org.
- Keglovits, Sally J. (June 2004). "In Cold Blood Revisited: A Look Back at an American Crime". Federal Probation. 68 (1): 39–42. ProQuest 213980552.
- "Notorious Murders: Clutter Family". Crime Library. Archived from the original on 2014-04-03.
- Perry Edward Smith at Find a Grave